refactor(types): PEP-604 union sweep + UP007/UP045 enforcement

ruff --select UP007,UP045 --fix converted ~1760 sites across the
backend: `Optional[T]` → `T | None`, `Union[X, Y]` → `X | Y`. The
remaining module-level alias targets that ruff conservatively skips
(BindableFloatInput, ColorList, DeviceConfig) were converted by hand
earlier in the pass. black -formatted the result so the wider unions
fit cleanly under the 100-char line budget.

pyproject.toml now sets [tool.ruff.lint] extend-select = ["UP007",
"UP045"] so future legacy imports fire CI on every push. The
pre-commit ruff hook was bumped from v0.8.0 -> v0.15.12 to recognise
UP045 (split off from UP007 in v0.13).

server/tests/api/routes/test_devices_routes.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from ledgrab.storage.output_target_store import OutputTargetStore
 from ledgrab.core.processing.processor_manager import ProcessorManager
 from ledgrab.api import dependencies as deps
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # App + fixtures (isolated from the real main app)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/api/routes/test_game_integration_routes.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.game_integration.events import GameEvent
 from ledgrab.storage.game_integration_store import GameIntegrationStore
 from ledgrab.api import dependencies as deps
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Test adapter for ingestion tests
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/api/routes/test_output_target_response_registry.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from ledgrab.storage.ha_light_output_target import HALightOutputTarget
 from ledgrab.storage.wled_output_target import WledOutputTarget
 from ledgrab.storage.z2m_light_output_target import Z2MLightOutputTarget
 
-
 EXPECTED_TARGET_CLASSES = {WledOutputTarget, HALightOutputTarget, Z2MLightOutputTarget}
 
 

server/tests/api/routes/test_webhooks_routes.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from ledgrab.api.routes.webhooks import _check_rate_limit, _rate_hits
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Rate limiter unit tests (pure function, no HTTP)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/conftest.py

@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ from ledgrab.storage.automation import Automation  # noqa: E402
 from ledgrab.storage.automation_store import AutomationStore  # noqa: E402
 from ledgrab.storage.value_source_store import ValueSourceStore  # noqa: E402
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Directory / path fixtures
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/core/capture/test_edge_interpolation.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.capture.edge_interpolation import (
     fallback_edge_to_leds,
 )
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # average_edge_to_leds
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/core/processing/test_effect_registry.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.processing.effect_stream import (
     _effect_renderer,
 )
 
-
 EXPECTED_EFFECTS = frozenset(
     {
         "fire",

server/tests/core/processing/test_metric_readers.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.processing.metric_readers import (
     get_spec,
 )
 
-
 EXPECTED_METRICS = {
     "cpu_load",
     "ram_usage",

server/tests/core/test_audio_filters.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import ledgrab.core.audio.filters  # noqa: F401
 
 from ledgrab.core.filters.filter_instance import FilterInstance
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Helpers
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/core/test_automation_engine.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ from ledgrab.storage.automation import (
 )
 from ledgrab.storage.automation_store import AutomationStore
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Fixtures
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/core/test_automation_rule_handlers.py

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ from ledgrab.storage.automation import (
     WebhookRule,
 )
 
-
 EXPECTED_RULE_TYPES = {
     StartupRule,
     ApplicationRule,

server/tests/core/test_cs2_adapter.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from ledgrab.core.game_integration.adapters.cs2_adapter import CS2Adapter
 
-
 # ── Realistic CS2 GSI payload samples ────────────────────────────────────
 
 

server/tests/core/test_game_event_css.py

@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ from ledgrab.storage.color_strip_source import (
     GameEventColorStripSource,
 )
 
-
 # ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 

server/tests/core/test_game_event_value_source.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ from ledgrab.storage.value_source import (
     ValueSource,
 )
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # GameEventValueSource model tests (Task 5)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/core/test_ha_light_target_processor.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 import asyncio
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.processing.target_processor import TargetContext
 from ledgrab.storage.bindable import BindableFloat
 from ledgrab.storage.ha_light_output_target import HALightMapping
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Test doubles
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -115,9 +114,9 @@ class _FakeCSSManager:
 
 def _make_ctx(
     *,
-    ha_manager: Optional[_FakeHAManager] = None,
-    css_manager: Optional[_FakeCSSManager] = None,
-    vs_manager: Optional[_FakeVSManager] = None,
+    ha_manager: _FakeHAManager | None = None,
+    css_manager: _FakeCSSManager | None = None,
+    vs_manager: _FakeVSManager | None = None,
 ) -> TargetContext:
     return TargetContext(
         live_stream_manager=None,  # type: ignore[arg-type]

server/tests/core/test_mapping_adapter.py

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.game_integration.mapping_adapter import (
     validate_adapter_yaml,
 )
 
-
 # ── YAML validation tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 

server/tests/e2e/test_auth_flow.py

@@ -8,8 +8,6 @@ helpers to make unauthenticated requests by temporarily removing the header.
 """
 
 
-
-
 def _unauth_get(client, url):
     """Make a GET request without the Authorization header."""
     saved = client.headers.pop("Authorization", None)
@@ -54,7 +52,9 @@ class TestAuthEnforcement:
     def test_request_with_wrong_key_returns_401(self, client):
         """Protected endpoint with an incorrect API key returns 401."""
         resp = _with_header(
-            client, "GET", "/api/v1/devices",
+            client,
+            "GET",
+            "/api/v1/devices",
             auth_value="Bearer wrong-key-12345",
         )
         assert resp.status_code == 401
@@ -82,7 +82,9 @@ class TestAuthEnforcement:
     def test_post_without_auth_returns_401(self, client):
         """Creating a device without auth fails."""
         resp = _unauth_request(
-            client, "POST", "/api/v1/devices",
+            client,
+            "POST",
+            "/api/v1/devices",
             json={
                 "name": "Unauthorized Device",
                 "url": "mock://test",
@@ -115,7 +117,9 @@ class TestAuthEnforcement:
     def test_malformed_bearer_token_returns_401_or_403(self, client):
         """A malformed Authorization header is rejected."""
         resp = _with_header(
-            client, "GET", "/api/v1/devices",
+            client,
+            "GET",
+            "/api/v1/devices",
             auth_value="just-a-key",
         )
         # FastAPI's HTTPBearer returns 403 for malformed format,

server/tests/e2e/test_device_flow.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ create -> get -> update -> brightness -> power -> delete -> verify gone.
 """
 
 
-
 class TestDeviceLifecycle:
     """A user creates a device, inspects it, modifies it, and deletes it."""
 
@@ -76,12 +75,15 @@ class TestDeviceLifecycle:
     def test_create_multiple_devices_and_list(self, client):
         """Creating multiple devices shows all in the list."""
         for i in range(3):
-            resp = client.post("/api/v1/devices", json={
-                "name": f"Device {i}",
-                "url": "mock://test",
-                "device_type": "mock",
-                "led_count": 30,
-            })
+            resp = client.post(
+                "/api/v1/devices",
+                json={
+                    "name": f"Device {i}",
+                    "url": "mock://test",
+                    "device_type": "mock",
+                    "led_count": 30,
+                },
+            )
             assert resp.status_code == 201
 
         resp = client.get("/api/v1/devices")
@@ -108,13 +110,16 @@ class TestDeviceLifecycle:
 
     def test_update_tags(self, client):
         """Tags can be updated independently."""
-        resp = client.post("/api/v1/devices", json={
-            "name": "Tag Device",
-            "url": "mock://test",
-            "device_type": "mock",
-            "led_count": 10,
-            "tags": ["original"],
-        })
+        resp = client.post(
+            "/api/v1/devices",
+            json={
+                "name": "Tag Device",
+                "url": "mock://test",
+                "device_type": "mock",
+                "led_count": 10,
+                "tags": ["original"],
+            },
+        )
         device_id = resp.json()["id"]
 
         resp = client.put(

server/tests/storage/test_base_store.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from ledgrab.storage.base_store import BaseJsonStore, EntityNotFoundError
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Minimal concrete store for testing the base class
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/storage/test_device_store.py

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from ledgrab.storage.device_store import Device, DeviceStore
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Fixtures
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/storage/test_value_source_factories.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from ledgrab.storage.value_source import (
     _VALUE_SOURCE_MAP,
 )
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Coverage / shape
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/test_camera_engine.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from ledgrab.core.capture_engines import camera_engine as ce
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # _parse_resolution — pure function, no stubs needed
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/test_composite_nesting.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import pytest
 from ledgrab.storage.color_strip_store import ColorStripStore, MAX_COMPOSITE_DEPTH
 from ledgrab.storage.database import Database
 
-
 # ── Fixtures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 

server/tests/test_ddp_led_client.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.ddp_provider import DDPDeviceProvider
 from ledgrab.core.devices.device_config import DDPConfig
 from ledgrab.core.devices.led_client import ProviderDeps
 
-
 # ============================================================================
 # parse_ddp_url
 # ============================================================================

server/tests/test_events_ws_parity.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from pathlib import Path
 
 import pytest
 
-
 _REPO_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
 _SERVER_SRC = _REPO_ROOT / "src" / "ledgrab"
 _EVENTS_WS = _SERVER_SRC / "static" / "js" / "core" / "events-ws.ts"

server/tests/test_govee.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.govee_client import (
 from ledgrab.core.devices.govee_provider import GoveeDeviceProvider
 from ledgrab.core.devices.led_client import ProviderDeps
 
-
 # ============================================================================
 # URL parsing
 # ============================================================================

server/tests/test_group_device.py

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.led_client import ProviderDeps
 from ledgrab.storage.database import Database
 from ledgrab.storage.device_store import Device, DeviceStore
 
-
 # ── Fixtures ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 

server/tests/test_lifx.py

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.lifx_client import (
 )
 from ledgrab.core.devices.lifx_provider import LIFXDeviceProvider
 
-
 # ============================================================================
 # URL parsing
 # ============================================================================

server/tests/test_nanoleaf.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.nanoleaf_client import (
 )
 from ledgrab.core.devices.nanoleaf_provider import NanoleafDeviceProvider
 
-
 # ============================================================================
 # URL parsing
 # ============================================================================

server/tests/test_opc.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.opc_client import (
 )
 from ledgrab.core.devices.opc_provider import OPCDeviceProvider
 
-
 # ============================================================================
 # URL parsing
 # ============================================================================

server/tests/test_serial_transport.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.serial_transport import (
     port_exists,
 )
 
-
 # ── URL parsing ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 

server/tests/test_wiz.py

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.wiz_client import (
 )
 from ledgrab.core.devices.wiz_provider import WiZDeviceProvider
 
-
 # ============================================================================
 # parse_wiz_url
 # ============================================================================

server/tests/test_ws_auth.py

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 import ledgrab.config as config_mod
 from ledgrab.config import AuthConfig, Config, ServerConfig, StorageConfig
 
-
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Minimal app with a single WS endpoint using verify_ws_auth
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/tests/test_yeelight.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from ledgrab.core.devices.yeelight_client import (
 )
 from ledgrab.core.devices.yeelight_provider import YeelightDeviceProvider
 
-
 # ============================================================================
 # parse_yeelight_url
 # ============================================================================