tiny-forge/internal/crypto/crypto.go

package crypto

import (
	"crypto/aes"
	"crypto/cipher"
	"crypto/rand"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"encoding/hex"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strings"
)

// ErrNoKey is returned when ENCRYPTION_KEY is not set.
var ErrNoKey = errors.New("ENCRYPTION_KEY environment variable is not set")

// ErrDecryptFailed wraps any cipher.Open / decoder failure. Callers
// upgrading from the silent-fallback pattern (treat-as-plaintext when
// decrypt errored) MUST instead surface this — a rotated key would
// otherwise silently leak ciphertext to upstream services as if it
// were plaintext.
var ErrDecryptFailed = errors.New("crypto: decrypt failed (wrong key, corrupted ciphertext, or unversioned legacy value)")

// envelopeV1Prefix tags ciphertext produced by Encrypt going forward.
// Older databases may carry unprefixed hex blobs from the v0 era; those
// are still readable via Decrypt for backward compatibility, but every
// new write goes through EncryptV1 and emits the prefix so a future key
// rotation has a clean fail-loud signal.
const envelopeV1Prefix = "tf1:"

// DeriveKey computes a 32-byte AES-256 key from the given passphrase using SHA-256.
// This is acceptable when ENCRYPTION_KEY is a high-entropy random string (e.g., 32+ hex chars).
// For human-chosen passphrases, consider Argon2id or PBKDF2 with a salt instead.
func DeriveKey(passphrase string) [32]byte {
	return sha256.Sum256([]byte(passphrase))
}

// KeyFromEnv reads ENCRYPTION_KEY from the environment and derives a 32-byte key.
func KeyFromEnv() ([32]byte, error) {
	raw := os.Getenv("ENCRYPTION_KEY")
	if raw == "" {
		return [32]byte{}, ErrNoKey
	}
	if len(raw) < 32 {
		return [32]byte{}, fmt.Errorf("ENCRYPTION_KEY must be at least 32 characters long (got %d)", len(raw))
	}
	return DeriveKey(raw), nil
}

// Encrypt encrypts plaintext using AES-256-GCM with a random nonce.
// Returns a versioned envelope (tf1:<hex>) so downstream readers can
// distinguish ciphertext from accidentally-stored plaintext.
func Encrypt(key [32]byte, plaintext string) (string, error) {
	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key[:])
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("create cipher: %w", err)
	}

	gcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(block)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("create gcm: %w", err)
	}

	nonce := make([]byte, gcm.NonceSize())
	if _, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, nonce); err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("generate nonce: %w", err)
	}

	sealed := gcm.Seal(nonce, nonce, []byte(plaintext), nil)
	return envelopeV1Prefix + hex.EncodeToString(sealed), nil
}

// HasEnvelope reports whether the value is a v1-prefixed ciphertext.
// Useful for router-level "decrypt only if encrypted" decision points
// that previously relied on `err == nil` from a try-decrypt — that
// pattern silently masked rotated-key failures.
func HasEnvelope(value string) bool {
	return strings.HasPrefix(value, envelopeV1Prefix)
}

// Decrypt decrypts an envelope (tf1:<hex>). For backward compatibility
// it also accepts unprefixed hex from the v0 era — but only when the
// resulting plaintext is valid; a wrong key for legacy data now returns
// ErrDecryptFailed instead of silently treating ciphertext as
// plaintext.
//
// Callers MUST NOT swallow the error and fall back to "use as-is".
// That pattern is the exact footgun the envelope versioning removes.
func Decrypt(key [32]byte, ciphertext string) (string, error) {
	hexBlob := ciphertext
	if strings.HasPrefix(hexBlob, envelopeV1Prefix) {
		hexBlob = hexBlob[len(envelopeV1Prefix):]
	}

	data, err := hex.DecodeString(hexBlob)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: decode hex: %v", ErrDecryptFailed, err)
	}

	block, err := aes.NewCipher(key[:])
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("create cipher: %w", err)
	}

	gcm, err := cipher.NewGCM(block)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("create gcm: %w", err)
	}

	nonceSize := gcm.NonceSize()
	if len(data) < nonceSize {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: ciphertext too short", ErrDecryptFailed)
	}

	nonce := data[:nonceSize]
	body := data[nonceSize:]

	plaintext, err := gcm.Open(nil, nonce, body, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrDecryptFailed, err)
	}

	return string(plaintext), nil
}

// EncryptIfNotEmpty encrypts the value only if it is non-empty.
// Returns empty string for empty input.
func EncryptIfNotEmpty(key [32]byte, value string) (string, error) {
	if value == "" {
		return "", nil
	}
	return Encrypt(key, value)
}