tiny-forge/internal/volsnap/engine.go

package volsnap

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"log/slog"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/google/uuid"

	"github.com/alexei/tinyforge/internal/store"
)

// maxSnapshotsPerWorkload caps how many snapshots are retained per app. On
// create, older snapshots beyond this count are pruned (best-effort) so volume
// snapshots cannot grow the data disk without bound.
const maxSnapshotsPerWorkload = 20

// ErrNoSnapshotData is returned by Create when the workload has no resolved
// host-bind volume directory to capture. It is a client-actionable condition
// (HTTP 400), distinct from internal failures (HTTP 500).
var ErrNoSnapshotData = errors.New("no snapshottable volume data for this app")

// Engine creates and manages volume snapshots under <dataDir>/snapshots.
type Engine struct {
	mu      sync.Mutex
	store   *store.Store
	snapDir string
}

// New creates the snapshot engine, ensuring the snapshot directory exists.
func New(st *store.Store, dataDir string) (*Engine, error) {
	dir := filepath.Join(dataDir, "snapshots")
	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("create snapshot directory: %w", err)
	}
	return &Engine{store: st, snapDir: dir}, nil
}

// SnapDir returns the directory holding snapshot archives.
func (e *Engine) SnapDir() string { return e.snapDir }

// Create captures a snapshot of the workload's host-bind data volumes.
func (e *Engine) Create(w store.Workload, settings store.Settings, label string) (store.VolumeSnapshot, error) {
	refs, _, err := SnapshotableVolumes(e.store, w, settings)
	if err != nil {
		return store.VolumeSnapshot{}, fmt.Errorf("enumerate volumes: %w", err)
	}
	if len(refs) == 0 {
		return store.VolumeSnapshot{}, ErrNoSnapshotData
	}

	e.mu.Lock()
	defer e.mu.Unlock()

	filename := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s-%s.tar.gz",
		idShort(w.ID), time.Now().UTC().Format("20060102-150405"), uuid.New().String()[:8])
	dest := filepath.Join(e.snapDir, filename)

	manifest, err := writeArchive(dest, refs)
	if err != nil {
		return store.VolumeSnapshot{}, err
	}

	info, err := os.Stat(dest)
	if err != nil {
		os.Remove(dest)
		return store.VolumeSnapshot{}, fmt.Errorf("stat snapshot: %w", err)
	}
	manifestJSON, err := json.Marshal(manifest)
	if err != nil {
		os.Remove(dest)
		return store.VolumeSnapshot{}, fmt.Errorf("encode manifest: %w", err)
	}

	row, err := e.store.CreateVolumeSnapshot(store.VolumeSnapshot{
		WorkloadID: w.ID,
		Label:      strings.TrimSpace(label),
		Filename:   filename,
		SizeBytes:  info.Size(),
		Manifest:   string(manifestJSON),
	})
	if err != nil {
		os.Remove(dest) // best-effort: don't leak an orphan file
		return store.VolumeSnapshot{}, fmt.Errorf("record snapshot: %w", err)
	}

	slog.Info("volume snapshot created", "id", row.ID, "workload", w.ID,
		"volumes", len(manifest), "size", info.Size())

	e.pruneWorkload(w.ID)
	return row, nil
}

// List returns a workload's snapshots, newest first.
func (e *Engine) List(workloadID string) ([]store.VolumeSnapshot, error) {
	return e.store.ListVolumeSnapshots(workloadID)
}

// Get returns one snapshot by id.
func (e *Engine) Get(id string) (store.VolumeSnapshot, error) {
	return e.store.GetVolumeSnapshot(id)
}

// Delete removes a snapshot's archive file and its metadata row.
func (e *Engine) Delete(id string) error {
	snap, err := e.store.GetVolumeSnapshot(id)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	e.mu.Lock()
	defer e.mu.Unlock()
	if p, perr := e.FilePath(snap); perr == nil {
		if rmErr := os.Remove(p); rmErr != nil && !os.IsNotExist(rmErr) {
			slog.Warn("volume snapshot: remove file", "id", id, "error", rmErr)
		}
	}
	return e.store.DeleteVolumeSnapshot(id)
}

// FilePath resolves a snapshot's archive path and verifies it stays within the
// snapshot directory (defence-in-depth against a tampered filename column).
func (e *Engine) FilePath(snap store.VolumeSnapshot) (string, error) {
	base := filepath.Base(snap.Filename)
	if base == "" || base == "." || base != snap.Filename {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid snapshot filename")
	}
	p := filepath.Join(e.snapDir, base)
	abs, err := filepath.Abs(p)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	absDir, _ := filepath.Abs(e.snapDir)
	if !strings.HasPrefix(abs, absDir+string(filepath.Separator)) {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("snapshot path escapes snapshot directory")
	}
	return abs, nil
}

// CleanOrphans removes snapshot archive files that have no metadata row,
// reconciling on-disk files against the DB. Workload deletion CASCADEs the
// volume_snapshots rows but cannot reach the files; this (run at startup)
// reclaims them. Mirrors backup.Engine.CleanOrphans.
func (e *Engine) CleanOrphans() (int, error) {
	e.mu.Lock()
	defer e.mu.Unlock()

	entries, err := os.ReadDir(e.snapDir)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("read snapshot dir: %w", err)
	}
	filenames, err := e.store.AllVolumeSnapshotFilenames()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, fmt.Errorf("list snapshot filenames: %w", err)
	}
	known := make(map[string]bool, len(filenames))
	for _, f := range filenames {
		known[f] = true
	}

	removed := 0
	for _, ent := range entries {
		if ent.IsDir() || known[ent.Name()] {
			continue
		}
		if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(e.snapDir, ent.Name())); err != nil {
			slog.Warn("volume snapshot: remove orphan", "file", ent.Name(), "error", err)
			continue
		}
		removed++
	}
	return removed, nil
}

// pruneWorkload deletes snapshots beyond maxSnapshotsPerWorkload for one
// workload (oldest first). Best-effort: caller already holds e.mu.
func (e *Engine) pruneWorkload(workloadID string) {
	count, err := e.store.CountVolumeSnapshots(workloadID)
	if err != nil || count <= maxSnapshotsPerWorkload {
		return
	}
	oldest, err := e.store.GetOldestVolumeSnapshots(workloadID, count-maxSnapshotsPerWorkload)
	if err != nil {
		slog.Warn("volume snapshot: prune query", "workload", workloadID, "error", err)
		return
	}
	for _, snap := range oldest {
		if p, perr := e.FilePath(snap); perr == nil {
			_ = os.Remove(p)
		}
		if derr := e.store.DeleteVolumeSnapshot(snap.ID); derr != nil {
			slog.Warn("volume snapshot: prune delete", "id", snap.ID, "error", derr)
		}
	}
}

func idShort(id string) string {
	if len(id) > 8 {
		return id[:8]
	}
	return id
}