Implement WGC multi-monitor simultaneous capture support

- Refactored WGC engine to maintain separate capture instances per monitor
- Each monitor gets dedicated instance, control, frame storage, and events
- Supports simultaneous capture from multiple monitors using same template
- Fixed template test endpoint to avoid redundant monitor 0 initialization
- Removed monitor_index from WGC template configuration (monitor-agnostic)

This enables using the same WGC template for multiple devices capturing
from different monitors without conflicts or unexpected borders.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes.py

@@ -1,10 +1,15 @@
 """API routes and endpoints."""
 
+import base64
+import io
 import sys
+import time
 from datetime import datetime
-from typing import List
+from typing import List, Dict, Any
 
 import httpx
+import numpy as np
+from PIL import Image
 from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, Depends
 
 from wled_controller import __version__
@@ -24,6 +29,17 @@ from wled_controller.api.schemas import (
     CalibrationTestModeResponse,
     ProcessingState,
     MetricsResponse,
+    TemplateCreate,
+    TemplateUpdate,
+    TemplateResponse,
+    TemplateListResponse,
+    EngineInfo,
+    EngineListResponse,
+    TemplateTestRequest,
+    TemplateTestResponse,
+    CaptureImage,
+    BorderExtraction,
+    PerformanceMetrics,
 )
 from wled_controller.config import get_config
 from wled_controller.core.processor_manager import ProcessorManager, ProcessingSettings
@@ -32,6 +48,8 @@ from wled_controller.core.calibration import (
     calibration_to_dict,
 )
 from wled_controller.storage import DeviceStore
+from wled_controller.storage.template_store import TemplateStore
+from wled_controller.core.capture_engines import EngineRegistry
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
 from wled_controller.core.screen_capture import get_available_displays
 
@@ -41,6 +59,7 @@ router = APIRouter()
 
 # Global instances (initialized in main.py)
 _device_store: DeviceStore | None = None
+_template_store: TemplateStore | None = None
 _processor_manager: ProcessorManager | None = None
 
 
@@ -51,6 +70,13 @@ def get_device_store() -> DeviceStore:
     return _device_store
 
 
+def get_template_store() -> TemplateStore:
+    """Get template store dependency."""
+    if _template_store is None:
+        raise RuntimeError("Template store not initialized")
+    return _template_store
+
+
 def get_processor_manager() -> ProcessorManager:
     """Get processor manager dependency."""
     if _processor_manager is None:
@@ -58,10 +84,15 @@ def get_processor_manager() -> ProcessorManager:
     return _processor_manager
 
 
-def init_dependencies(device_store: DeviceStore, processor_manager: ProcessorManager):
+def init_dependencies(
+    device_store: DeviceStore,
+    template_store: TemplateStore,
+    processor_manager: ProcessorManager,
+):
     """Initialize global dependencies."""
-    global _device_store, _processor_manager
+    global _device_store, _template_store, _processor_manager
     _device_store = device_store
+    _template_store = template_store
     _processor_manager = processor_manager
 
 
@@ -214,6 +245,7 @@ async def create_device(
                 state_check_interval=device.settings.state_check_interval,
             ),
             calibration=CalibrationSchema(**calibration_to_dict(device.calibration)),
+            capture_template_id=device.capture_template_id,
             created_at=device.created_at,
             updated_at=device.updated_at,
         )
@@ -248,6 +280,7 @@ async def list_devices(
                     state_check_interval=device.settings.state_check_interval,
                 ),
                 calibration=CalibrationSchema(**calibration_to_dict(device.calibration)),
+                capture_template_id=device.capture_template_id,
                 created_at=device.created_at,
                 updated_at=device.updated_at,
             )
@@ -291,6 +324,7 @@ async def get_device(
             state_check_interval=device.settings.state_check_interval,
         ),
         calibration=CalibrationSchema(**calibration_to_dict(device.calibration)),
+        capture_template_id=device.capture_template_id,
         created_at=device.created_at,
         updated_at=device.updated_at,
     )
@@ -302,16 +336,53 @@ async def update_device(
     update_data: DeviceUpdate,
     _auth: AuthRequired,
     store: DeviceStore = Depends(get_device_store),
+    manager: ProcessorManager = Depends(get_processor_manager),
 ):
     """Update device information."""
     try:
+        # Check if template changed and device is processing (for hot-swap)
+        old_device = store.get_device(device_id)
+        template_changed = (
+            update_data.capture_template_id is not None
+            and update_data.capture_template_id != old_device.capture_template_id
+        )
+        was_processing = manager.is_processing(device_id)
+
+        # Update device
         device = store.update_device(
             device_id=device_id,
             name=update_data.name,
             url=update_data.url,
             enabled=update_data.enabled,
+            capture_template_id=update_data.capture_template_id,
         )
 
+        # Hot-swap: If template changed and device was processing, restart it
+        if template_changed and was_processing:
+            logger.info(f"Hot-swapping template for device {device_id}")
+            try:
+                # Stop current processing
+                await manager.stop_processing(device_id)
+
+                # Update processor with new template
+                manager.remove_device(device_id)
+                manager.add_device(
+                    device_id=device.id,
+                    device_url=device.url,
+                    led_count=device.led_count,
+                    settings=device.settings,
+                    calibration=device.calibration,
+                    capture_template_id=device.capture_template_id,
+                )
+
+                # Restart processing
+                await manager.start_processing(device_id)
+                logger.info(f"Successfully hot-swapped template for device {device_id}")
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error during template hot-swap: {e}")
+                # Device is stopped but updated - user can manually restart
+
         return DeviceResponse(
             id=device.id,
             name=device.name,
@@ -327,6 +398,7 @@ async def update_device(
                 state_check_interval=device.settings.state_check_interval,
             ),
             calibration=CalibrationSchema(**calibration_to_dict(device.calibration)),
+            capture_template_id=device.capture_template_id,
             created_at=device.created_at,
             updated_at=device.updated_at,
         )
@@ -626,3 +698,322 @@ async def get_metrics(
     except Exception as e:
         logger.error(f"Failed to get metrics: {e}")
         raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+
+# ===== CAPTURE TEMPLATE ENDPOINTS =====
+
+@router.get("/api/v1/capture-templates", response_model=TemplateListResponse, tags=["Templates"])
+async def list_templates(
+    _auth: AuthRequired,
+    template_store: TemplateStore = Depends(get_template_store),
+):
+    """List all capture templates."""
+    try:
+        templates = template_store.get_all_templates()
+
+        template_responses = [
+            TemplateResponse(
+                id=t.id,
+                name=t.name,
+                engine_type=t.engine_type,
+                engine_config=t.engine_config,
+                is_default=t.is_default,
+                created_at=t.created_at,
+                updated_at=t.updated_at,
+                description=t.description,
+            )
+            for t in templates
+        ]
+
+        return TemplateListResponse(
+            templates=template_responses,
+            count=len(template_responses),
+        )
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to list templates: {e}")
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/api/v1/capture-templates", response_model=TemplateResponse, tags=["Templates"], status_code=201)
+async def create_template(
+    template_data: TemplateCreate,
+    _auth: AuthRequired,
+    template_store: TemplateStore = Depends(get_template_store),
+):
+    """Create a new capture template."""
+    try:
+        template = template_store.create_template(
+            name=template_data.name,
+            engine_type=template_data.engine_type,
+            engine_config=template_data.engine_config,
+            description=template_data.description,
+        )
+
+        return TemplateResponse(
+            id=template.id,
+            name=template.name,
+            engine_type=template.engine_type,
+            engine_config=template.engine_config,
+            is_default=template.is_default,
+            created_at=template.created_at,
+            updated_at=template.updated_at,
+            description=template.description,
+        )
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to create template: {e}")
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+
+@router.get("/api/v1/capture-templates/{template_id}", response_model=TemplateResponse, tags=["Templates"])
+async def get_template(
+    template_id: str,
+    _auth: AuthRequired,
+    template_store: TemplateStore = Depends(get_template_store),
+):
+    """Get template by ID."""
+    template = template_store.get_template(template_id)
+    if not template:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=f"Template {template_id} not found")
+
+    return TemplateResponse(
+        id=template.id,
+        name=template.name,
+        engine_type=template.engine_type,
+        engine_config=template.engine_config,
+        is_default=template.is_default,
+        created_at=template.created_at,
+        updated_at=template.updated_at,
+        description=template.description,
+    )
+
+
+@router.put("/api/v1/capture-templates/{template_id}", response_model=TemplateResponse, tags=["Templates"])
+async def update_template(
+    template_id: str,
+    update_data: TemplateUpdate,
+    _auth: AuthRequired,
+    template_store: TemplateStore = Depends(get_template_store),
+):
+    """Update a template."""
+    try:
+        template = template_store.update_template(
+            template_id=template_id,
+            name=update_data.name,
+            engine_config=update_data.engine_config,
+            description=update_data.description,
+        )
+
+        return TemplateResponse(
+            id=template.id,
+            name=template.name,
+            engine_type=template.engine_type,
+            engine_config=template.engine_config,
+            is_default=template.is_default,
+            created_at=template.created_at,
+            updated_at=template.updated_at,
+            description=template.description,
+        )
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to update template: {e}")
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+
+@router.delete("/api/v1/capture-templates/{template_id}", status_code=204, tags=["Templates"])
+async def delete_template(
+    template_id: str,
+    _auth: AuthRequired,
+    template_store: TemplateStore = Depends(get_template_store),
+    device_store: DeviceStore = Depends(get_device_store),
+):
+    """Delete a template.
+
+    Validates that no devices are currently using this template before deletion.
+    """
+    try:
+        # Check if any devices are using this template
+        devices_using_template = []
+        for device in device_store.get_all_devices():
+            if device.capture_template_id == template_id:
+                devices_using_template.append(device.name)
+
+        if devices_using_template:
+            device_list = ", ".join(devices_using_template)
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=409,
+                detail=f"Cannot delete template: it is currently assigned to the following device(s): {device_list}. "
+                       f"Please reassign these devices to a different template before deleting."
+            )
+
+        # Proceed with deletion
+        template_store.delete_template(template_id)
+
+    except HTTPException:
+        raise  # Re-raise HTTP exceptions as-is
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to delete template: {e}")
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+
+@router.get("/api/v1/capture-engines", response_model=EngineListResponse, tags=["Templates"])
+async def list_engines(_auth: AuthRequired):
+    """List available capture engines on this system.
+
+    Returns all registered engines that are available on the current platform.
+    """
+    try:
+        available_engine_types = EngineRegistry.get_available_engines()
+
+        engines = []
+        for engine_type in available_engine_types:
+            engine_class = EngineRegistry.get_engine(engine_type)
+            engines.append(
+                EngineInfo(
+                    type=engine_type,
+                    name=engine_type.upper(),
+                    default_config=engine_class.get_default_config(),
+                    available=True,
+                )
+            )
+
+        return EngineListResponse(engines=engines, count=len(engines))
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to list engines: {e}")
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+
+
+@router.post("/api/v1/capture-templates/test", response_model=TemplateTestResponse, tags=["Templates"])
+async def test_template(
+    test_request: TemplateTestRequest,
+    _auth: AuthRequired,
+    processor_manager: ProcessorManager = Depends(get_processor_manager),
+    device_store: DeviceStore = Depends(get_device_store),
+):
+    """Test a capture template configuration.
+
+    Temporarily instantiates an engine with the provided configuration,
+    captures frames for the specified duration, and returns actual FPS metrics.
+    """
+    engine = None
+    try:
+        # Validate engine type
+        if test_request.engine_type not in EngineRegistry.get_available_engines():
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=400,
+                detail=f"Engine '{test_request.engine_type}' is not available on this system"
+            )
+
+        # Check if display is already being captured
+        locked_device_id = processor_manager.get_display_lock_info(test_request.display_index)
+        if locked_device_id:
+            # Get device info for better error message
+            try:
+                device = device_store.get_device(locked_device_id)
+                device_name = device.name
+            except Exception:
+                device_name = locked_device_id
+
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=409,
+                detail=(
+                    f"Display {test_request.display_index} is currently being captured by device "
+                    f"'{device_name}'. Please stop the device processing before testing this template."
+                )
+            )
+
+        # Create engine (initialization happens on first capture)
+        engine = EngineRegistry.create_engine(test_request.engine_type, test_request.engine_config)
+
+        # Run sustained capture test
+        logger.info(f"Starting {test_request.capture_duration}s capture test with {test_request.engine_type}")
+
+        frame_count = 0
+        total_capture_time = 0.0
+        last_frame = None
+
+        start_time = time.perf_counter()
+        end_time = start_time + test_request.capture_duration
+
+        while time.perf_counter() < end_time:
+            capture_start = time.perf_counter()
+            screen_capture = engine.capture_display(test_request.display_index)
+            capture_elapsed = time.perf_counter() - capture_start
+
+            total_capture_time += capture_elapsed
+            frame_count += 1
+            last_frame = screen_capture
+
+        actual_duration = time.perf_counter() - start_time
+
+        logger.info(f"Captured {frame_count} frames in {actual_duration:.2f}s")
+
+        # Use the last captured frame for preview
+        if last_frame is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("No frames captured during test")
+
+        # Convert numpy array to PIL Image
+        if isinstance(last_frame.image, np.ndarray):
+            pil_image = Image.fromarray(last_frame.image)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unexpected image format from engine")
+
+        # Create thumbnail (640px wide, maintain aspect ratio)
+        thumbnail_width = 640
+        aspect_ratio = pil_image.height / pil_image.width
+        thumbnail_height = int(thumbnail_width * aspect_ratio)
+        thumbnail = pil_image.copy()
+        thumbnail.thumbnail((thumbnail_width, thumbnail_height), Image.Resampling.LANCZOS)
+
+        # Encode full capture thumbnail as JPEG
+        img_buffer = io.BytesIO()
+        thumbnail.save(img_buffer, format='JPEG', quality=85)
+        img_buffer.seek(0)
+        full_capture_b64 = base64.b64encode(img_buffer.getvalue()).decode('utf-8')
+        full_capture_data_uri = f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{full_capture_b64}"
+
+        # Calculate metrics
+        actual_fps = frame_count / actual_duration if actual_duration > 0 else 0
+        avg_capture_time_ms = (total_capture_time / frame_count * 1000) if frame_count > 0 else 0
+
+        width, height = pil_image.size
+
+        return TemplateTestResponse(
+            full_capture=CaptureImage(
+                image=full_capture_data_uri,
+                width=width,
+                height=height,
+                thumbnail_width=thumbnail_width,
+                thumbnail_height=thumbnail_height,
+            ),
+            border_extraction=None,
+            performance=PerformanceMetrics(
+                capture_duration_s=actual_duration,
+                frame_count=frame_count,
+                actual_fps=actual_fps,
+                avg_capture_time_ms=avg_capture_time_ms,
+            ),
+        )
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
+    except RuntimeError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=f"Engine error: {str(e)}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.error(f"Failed to test template: {e}", exc_info=True)
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
+    finally:
+        # Always cleanup engine
+        if engine:
+            try:
+                engine.cleanup()
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"Error cleaning up test engine: {e}")

server/src/wled_controller/core/capture_engines/wgc_engine.py

@@ -40,25 +40,32 @@ class WGCEngine(CaptureEngine):
 
         Args:
             config: Engine configuration
-                - monitor_index (int): Monitor index (default: 0)
                 - capture_cursor (bool): Include cursor in capture (default: False)
                 - draw_border (bool): Draw border around capture (default: False)
+
+        Note: monitor_index is NOT in config - WGC maintains separate instances per monitor
+              to support simultaneous capture from multiple monitors.
         """
         super().__init__(config)
         self._wgc = None
-        self._capture_instance = None
+        # Per-monitor capture instances: {monitor_index: (instance, control, frame, frame_event)}
-        self._capture_control = None
+        self._monitor_captures = {}
-        self._latest_frame = None
         self._frame_lock = threading.Lock()
-        self._frame_event = threading.Event()
-        self._closed_event = threading.Event()  # Signals when capture session is closed
 
-    def initialize(self) -> None:
+    def initialize(self, monitor_index: int = 0) -> None:
-        """Initialize WGC capture.
+        """Initialize WGC capture for a specific monitor.
+
+        Maintains separate capture instances per monitor to support simultaneous
+        capture from multiple monitors.
+
+        Args:
+            monitor_index: Monitor index to capture (0-based)
 
         Raises:
             RuntimeError: If windows-capture not installed or initialization fails
         """
+        # Import windows_capture if not already imported
+        if self._wgc is None:
             try:
                 import windows_capture
                 self._wgc = windows_capture
@@ -67,30 +74,36 @@ class WGCEngine(CaptureEngine):
                     "windows-capture not installed. Install with: pip install windows-capture"
                 )
 
-        # Clear events for fresh initialization
+        # Skip if already initialized for this monitor
-        self._frame_event.clear()
+        if monitor_index in self._monitor_captures:
-        self._closed_event.clear()
+            logger.debug(f"WGC already initialized for monitor {monitor_index}")
+            return
 
         try:
-            monitor_index = self.config.get("monitor_index", 0)
             capture_cursor = self.config.get("capture_cursor", False)
             # Note: draw_border is not supported by WGC API on most platforms
 
             # WGC uses 1-based monitor indexing (1, 2, 3...) while we use 0-based (0, 1, 2...)
             wgc_monitor_index = monitor_index + 1
 
+            # Create per-monitor events and storage
+            frame_event = threading.Event()
+            closed_event = threading.Event()
+            latest_frame = None
+
             # Create capture instance
             # Note: draw_border parameter not supported on all platforms
-            self._capture_instance = self._wgc.WindowsCapture(
+            capture_instance = self._wgc.WindowsCapture(
                 cursor_capture=capture_cursor,
                 monitor_index=wgc_monitor_index,
             )
 
-            # Define event handlers as local functions first
+            # Define event handlers as local functions that capture monitor_index
             def on_frame_arrived(frame, capture_control):
                 """Called when a new frame is captured."""
+                nonlocal latest_frame
                 try:
-                    logger.debug("WGC frame callback triggered")
+                    logger.debug(f"WGC frame callback triggered for monitor {monitor_index}")
 
                     # Get frame buffer as numpy array
                     frame_buffer = frame.frame_buffer
@@ -104,97 +117,128 @@ class WGCEngine(CaptureEngine):
                     # Convert BGRA to RGB
                     frame_rgb = frame_array[:, :, [2, 1, 0]]  # Take BGR channels
 
-                    # Store the latest frame
+                    # Store the latest frame for this monitor
                     with self._frame_lock:
-                        self._latest_frame = frame_rgb.copy()
+                        if monitor_index in self._monitor_captures:
-                        self._frame_event.set()
+                            self._monitor_captures[monitor_index]['latest_frame'] = frame_rgb.copy()
+                            self._monitor_captures[monitor_index]['frame_event'].set()
                 except Exception as e:
-                    logger.error(f"Error processing WGC frame: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                    logger.error(f"Error processing WGC frame for monitor {monitor_index}: {e}", exc_info=True)
 
             def on_closed():
                 """Called when capture session is closed."""
-                logger.debug("WGC capture session closed callback triggered")
+                logger.debug(f"WGC capture session closed for monitor {monitor_index}")
                 # Signal that the capture session has fully closed and resources are released
-                self._closed_event.set()
+                with self._frame_lock:
+                    if monitor_index in self._monitor_captures:
+                        self._monitor_captures[monitor_index]['closed_event'].set()
 
             # Set handlers directly as attributes
-            self._capture_instance.frame_handler = on_frame_arrived
+            capture_instance.frame_handler = on_frame_arrived
-            self._capture_instance.closed_handler = on_closed
+            capture_instance.closed_handler = on_closed
 
             # Start capture using free-threaded mode (non-blocking)
             # IMPORTANT: start_free_threaded() returns a CaptureControl object for cleanup
-            logger.debug("Starting WGC capture (free-threaded mode)...")
+            logger.debug(f"Starting WGC capture for monitor {monitor_index} (free-threaded mode)...")
-            self._capture_control = self._capture_instance.start_free_threaded()
+            capture_control = capture_instance.start_free_threaded()
+
+            # Store all per-monitor data
+            self._monitor_captures[monitor_index] = {
+                'instance': capture_instance,
+                'control': capture_control,
+                'latest_frame': None,
+                'frame_event': frame_event,
+                'closed_event': closed_event,
+            }
 
             # Wait for first frame to arrive (with timeout)
-            logger.debug("Waiting for first WGC frame...")
+            logger.debug(f"Waiting for first WGC frame from monitor {monitor_index}...")
-            frame_received = self._frame_event.wait(timeout=5.0)
+            frame_received = frame_event.wait(timeout=5.0)
 
-            if not frame_received or self._latest_frame is None:
+            if not frame_received or self._monitor_captures[monitor_index]['latest_frame'] is None:
+                # Cleanup on failure
+                with self._frame_lock:
+                    if monitor_index in self._monitor_captures:
+                        del self._monitor_captures[monitor_index]
                 raise RuntimeError(
-                    "WGC capture started but no frames received within 5 seconds. "
+                    f"WGC capture started for monitor {monitor_index} but no frames received within 5 seconds. "
                     "This may indicate the capture session failed to start or "
                     "the display is not actively updating."
                 )
 
-            self._initialized = True
             logger.info(
                 f"WGC engine initialized (monitor={monitor_index}, "
                 f"cursor={capture_cursor})"
             )
 
         except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Failed to initialize WGC: {e}", exc_info=True)
+            logger.error(f"Failed to initialize WGC for monitor {monitor_index}: {e}", exc_info=True)
-            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to initialize WGC: {e}")
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to initialize WGC for monitor {monitor_index}: {e}")
 
     def cleanup(self) -> None:
-        """Cleanup WGC resources."""
+        """Cleanup WGC resources for all monitors."""
         # Proper cleanup for free-threaded captures:
         # 1. Stop capture via CaptureControl.stop() (signals thread to stop)
         # 2. Wait for thread to finish using CaptureControl.wait() (blocks until done)
         # 3. Delete capture instance (releases COM objects)
         # 4. Force garbage collection (ensures COM cleanup)
 
-        if self._capture_control:
+        with self._frame_lock:
-            try:
+            monitors_to_cleanup = list(self._monitor_captures.keys())
-                logger.debug("Stopping WGC capture thread...")
-                self._capture_control.stop()
 
-                logger.debug("Waiting for WGC capture thread to finish...")
+        for monitor_index in monitors_to_cleanup:
+            logger.debug(f"Cleaning up WGC resources for monitor {monitor_index}...")
+
+            with self._frame_lock:
+                if monitor_index not in self._monitor_captures:
+                    continue
+                monitor_data = self._monitor_captures[monitor_index]
+
+            # Stop and wait for capture thread
+            capture_control = monitor_data.get('control')
+            if capture_control:
+                try:
+                    logger.debug(f"Stopping WGC capture thread for monitor {monitor_index}...")
+                    capture_control.stop()
+
+                    logger.debug(f"Waiting for WGC capture thread to finish (monitor {monitor_index})...")
                     # This will block until the capture thread actually finishes
-                # This is the CORRECT way to wait for cleanup (not a timeout!)
+                    capture_control.wait()
-                self._capture_control.wait()
+                    logger.debug(f"WGC capture thread finished successfully for monitor {monitor_index}")
-                logger.debug("WGC capture thread finished successfully")
                 except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Error during WGC capture control cleanup: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                    logger.error(f"Error during WGC capture control cleanup for monitor {monitor_index}: {e}", exc_info=True)
-            finally:
-                self._capture_control = None
 
-        # Now that the thread has stopped, delete the capture instance
+            # Delete capture instance
-        if self._capture_instance:
+            capture_instance = monitor_data.get('instance')
+            if capture_instance:
                 try:
-                logger.debug("Deleting WGC capture instance...")
+                    logger.debug(f"Deleting WGC capture instance for monitor {monitor_index}...")
-                instance = self._capture_instance
+                    del capture_instance
-                self._capture_instance = None
+                    logger.debug(f"WGC capture instance deleted for monitor {monitor_index}")
-                del instance
-                logger.debug("WGC capture instance deleted")
                 except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"Error deleting WGC capture instance: {e}", exc_info=True)
+                    logger.error(f"Error deleting WGC capture instance for monitor {monitor_index}: {e}", exc_info=True)
-                self._capture_instance = None
+
+            # Clear events
+            frame_event = monitor_data.get('frame_event')
+            if frame_event:
+                frame_event.clear()
+
+            closed_event = monitor_data.get('closed_event')
+            if closed_event:
+                closed_event.clear()
+
+            # Remove from dictionary
+            with self._frame_lock:
+                if monitor_index in self._monitor_captures:
+                    del self._monitor_captures[monitor_index]
+
+            logger.info(f"WGC engine cleaned up for monitor {monitor_index}")
 
         # Force garbage collection to release COM objects
         logger.debug("Running garbage collection for COM cleanup...")
         gc.collect()
         logger.debug("Garbage collection completed")
 
-        with self._frame_lock:
-            self._latest_frame = None
-        self._frame_event.clear()
-        self._closed_event.clear()
-
-        self._initialized = False
-        logger.info("WGC engine cleaned up")
-
     def get_available_displays(self) -> List[DisplayInfo]:
         """Get list of available displays using MSS.
 
@@ -237,6 +281,9 @@ class WGCEngine(CaptureEngine):
     def capture_display(self, display_index: int) -> ScreenCapture:
         """Capture display using WGC.
 
+        WGC dynamically initializes for the requested display if needed.
+        Supports simultaneous capture from multiple monitors.
+
         Args:
             display_index: Index of display to capture (0-based)
 
@@ -244,32 +291,29 @@ class WGCEngine(CaptureEngine):
             ScreenCapture object with image data
 
         Raises:
-            RuntimeError: If not initialized
+            RuntimeError: If initialization or capture fails
-            ValueError: If display_index doesn't match configured monitor
-            RuntimeError: If capture fails or no frame available
         """
-        if not self._initialized:
+        # Initialize for this monitor if not already initialized
-            raise RuntimeError("Engine not initialized")
+        self.initialize(display_index)
-
-        # WGC is configured for a specific monitor
-        configured_monitor = self.config.get("monitor_index", 0)
-
-        if display_index != configured_monitor:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"WGC engine is configured for monitor {configured_monitor}, "
-                f"cannot capture display {display_index}. Create a new template "
-                f"with monitor_index={display_index} to capture this display."
-            )
 
         try:
-            # Get the latest frame
+            # Get the latest frame for this monitor
             with self._frame_lock:
-                if self._latest_frame is None:
+                if display_index not in self._monitor_captures:
                     raise RuntimeError(
-                        "No frame available yet. The capture may not have started or "
+                        f"Monitor {display_index} not initialized. This should not happen."
-                        "the screen hasn't updated. Wait a moment and try again."
                     )
-                frame = self._latest_frame.copy()
+
+                monitor_data = self._monitor_captures[display_index]
+                latest_frame = monitor_data.get('latest_frame')
+
+                if latest_frame is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"No frame available yet for monitor {display_index}. "
+                        "The capture may not have started or the screen hasn't updated. "
+                        "Wait a moment and try again."
+                    )
+                frame = latest_frame.copy()
 
             logger.debug(
                 f"WGC captured display {display_index}: "
@@ -330,11 +374,13 @@ class WGCEngine(CaptureEngine):
     def get_default_config(cls) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """Get default WGC configuration.
 
+        Note: monitor_index is NOT in config - WGC dynamically initializes
+        for the requested monitor at capture time.
+
         Returns:
             Default config dict with WGC options
         """
         return {
-            "monitor_index": 0,  # Primary monitor
             "capture_cursor": False,  # Exclude cursor (hardware exclusion)
             "draw_border": False,  # Don't draw border around capture
         }