Frontend improvements: CSS foundations, accessibility, UX enhancements

CSS: Add design token variables (spacing, timing, weights, z-index layers),
migrate all hardcoded z-index to named vars, fix light theme contrast for
WCAG AA, add skeleton loading cards, mask-composite fallback, card padding.

Accessibility: aria-live on toast, aria-label on health dots, sr-only class,
graph container keyboard focusable, MQTT password wrapped in form element.

UX: Modal auto-focus on open, inline field validation with blur, undo toast
with countdown, bulk action progress indicator, API error toast on failure.

i18n: Add common.undo, validation.required, bulk.processing, api.error.*
keys in EN/RU/ZH.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

.gitea/workflows/deploy.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-name: Build and Deploy
-
-on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - 'v*'
-
-jobs:
-  deploy:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Deploy to /opt/wled-controller
-        run: |
-          DEPLOY_DIR=/opt/wled-controller
-
-          # Ensure deploy directory exists
-          mkdir -p "$DEPLOY_DIR/data" "$DEPLOY_DIR/logs" "$DEPLOY_DIR/config"
-
-          # Copy server files to deploy directory
-          rsync -a --delete \
-            --exclude 'data/' \
-            --exclude 'logs/' \
-            server/ "$DEPLOY_DIR/"
-
-          # Build and restart
-          cd "$DEPLOY_DIR"
-          docker compose down
-          docker compose up -d --build

.gitea/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+name: Build Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+
+jobs:
+  build-windows:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: '20'
+
+      - name: Build portable distribution
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          .\build-dist.ps1 -Version "${{ gitea.ref_name }}"
+
+      - name: Upload build artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: LedGrab-${{ gitea.ref_name }}-win-x64
+          path: build/LedGrab-*.zip
+          retention-days: 90
+
+      - name: Create Gitea release
+        shell: pwsh
+        env:
+          GITEA_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITEA_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          $tag = "${{ gitea.ref_name }}"
+          $zipFile = Get-ChildItem "build\LedGrab-*.zip" | Select-Object -First 1
+          if (-not $zipFile) { throw "ZIP not found" }
+
+          $baseUrl = "${{ gitea.server_url }}/api/v1/repos/${{ gitea.repository }}"
+          $headers = @{
+            "Authorization" = "token $env:GITEA_TOKEN"
+            "Content-Type"  = "application/json"
+          }
+
+          # Create release
+          $body = @{
+            tag_name   = $tag
+            name       = "LedGrab $tag"
+            body       = "Portable Windows build — unzip, run ``LedGrab.bat``, open http://localhost:8080"
+            draft      = $false
+            prerelease = ($tag -match '(alpha|beta|rc)')
+          } | ConvertTo-Json
+
+          $release = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post `
+            -Uri "$baseUrl/releases" `
+            -Headers $headers -Body $body
+
+          Write-Host "Created release: $($release.html_url)"
+
+          # Upload ZIP asset
+          $uploadHeaders = @{
+            "Authorization" = "token $env:GITEA_TOKEN"
+          }
+          $uploadUrl = "$baseUrl/releases/$($release.id)/assets?name=$($zipFile.Name)"
+          Invoke-RestMethod -Method Post -Uri $uploadUrl `
+            -Headers $uploadHeaders `
+            -ContentType "application/octet-stream" `
+            -InFile $zipFile.FullName
+
+          Write-Host "Uploaded: $($zipFile.Name)"

build-dist.ps1

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+<#
+.SYNOPSIS
+    Build a portable Windows distribution of LedGrab.
+
+.DESCRIPTION
+    Downloads embedded Python, installs all dependencies, copies app code,
+    builds the frontend bundle, and produces a self-contained ZIP.
+
+.PARAMETER Version
+    Version string (e.g. "0.1.0" or "v0.1.0"). Auto-detected from git tag
+    or __init__.py if omitted.
+
+.PARAMETER PythonVersion
+    Embedded Python version to download. Default: 3.11.9
+
+.PARAMETER SkipFrontend
+    Skip npm ci + npm run build (use if frontend is already built).
+
+.PARAMETER SkipPerf
+    Skip installing optional [perf] extras (dxcam, bettercam, windows-capture).
+
+.EXAMPLE
+    .\build-dist.ps1
+    .\build-dist.ps1 -Version "0.2.0"
+    .\build-dist.ps1 -SkipFrontend -SkipPerf
+#>
+param(
+    [string]$Version = "",
+    [string]$PythonVersion = "3.11.9",
+    [switch]$SkipFrontend,
+    [switch]$SkipPerf
+)
+
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+$ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'  # faster downloads
+
+$ScriptRoot = $PSScriptRoot
+$BuildDir = Join-Path $ScriptRoot "build"
+$DistName = "LedGrab"
+$DistDir = Join-Path $BuildDir $DistName
+$ServerDir = Join-Path $ScriptRoot "server"
+$PythonDir = Join-Path $DistDir "python"
+$AppDir = Join-Path $DistDir "app"
+
+# ── Version detection ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if (-not $Version) {
+    # Try git tag
+    try {
+        $gitTag = git describe --tags --exact-match 2>$null
+        if ($gitTag) { $Version = $gitTag }
+    } catch {}
+}
+if (-not $Version) {
+    # Try env var (CI)
+    if ($env:GITEA_REF_NAME) { $Version = $env:GITEA_REF_NAME }
+    elseif ($env:GITHUB_REF_NAME) { $Version = $env:GITHUB_REF_NAME }
+}
+if (-not $Version) {
+    # Parse from __init__.py
+    $initFile = Join-Path $ServerDir "src\wled_controller\__init__.py"
+    $match = Select-String -Path $initFile -Pattern '__version__\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"'
+    if ($match) { $Version = $match.Matches[0].Groups[1].Value }
+}
+if (-not $Version) { $Version = "0.0.0" }
+
+# Strip leading 'v' for filenames
+$VersionClean = $Version -replace '^v', ''
+$ZipName = "LedGrab-v${VersionClean}-win-x64.zip"
+
+Write-Host "=== Building LedGrab v${VersionClean} ===" -ForegroundColor Cyan
+Write-Host "  Python: $PythonVersion"
+Write-Host "  Output: build\$ZipName"
+Write-Host ""
+
+# ── Clean ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if (Test-Path $DistDir) {
+    Write-Host "[1/8] Cleaning previous build..."
+    Remove-Item -Recurse -Force $DistDir
+}
+New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $DistDir -Force | Out-Null
+
+# ── Download embedded Python ───────────────────────────────────
+
+$PythonZipUrl = "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PythonVersion}/python-${PythonVersion}-embed-amd64.zip"
+$PythonZipPath = Join-Path $BuildDir "python-embed.zip"
+
+Write-Host "[2/8] Downloading embedded Python ${PythonVersion}..."
+if (-not (Test-Path $PythonZipPath)) {
+    Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $PythonZipUrl -OutFile $PythonZipPath
+}
+Write-Host "  Extracting to python/..."
+Expand-Archive -Path $PythonZipPath -DestinationPath $PythonDir -Force
+
+# ── Patch ._pth to enable site-packages ────────────────────────
+
+Write-Host "[3/8] Patching Python path configuration..."
+$pthFile = Get-ChildItem -Path $PythonDir -Filter "python*._pth" | Select-Object -First 1
+if (-not $pthFile) { throw "Could not find python*._pth in $PythonDir" }
+
+$pthContent = Get-Content $pthFile.FullName -Raw
+# Uncomment 'import site'
+$pthContent = $pthContent -replace '#\s*import site', 'import site'
+# Add Lib\site-packages if not present
+if ($pthContent -notmatch 'Lib\\site-packages') {
+    $pthContent = $pthContent.TrimEnd() + "`nLib\site-packages`n"
+}
+Set-Content -Path $pthFile.FullName -Value $pthContent -NoNewline
+Write-Host "  Patched $($pthFile.Name)"
+
+# ── Install pip ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+Write-Host "[4/8] Installing pip..."
+$GetPipPath = Join-Path $BuildDir "get-pip.py"
+if (-not (Test-Path $GetPipPath)) {
+    Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py" -OutFile $GetPipPath
+}
+$python = Join-Path $PythonDir "python.exe"
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Continue'
+& $python $GetPipPath --no-warn-script-location 2>&1 | Out-Null
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) { throw "Failed to install pip" }
+
+# ── Install dependencies ──────────────────────────────────────
+
+Write-Host "[5/8] Installing dependencies..."
+$extras = "camera,notifications"
+if (-not $SkipPerf) { $extras += ",perf" }
+
+# Install the project (pulls all deps via pyproject.toml), then remove
+# the installed package itself — PYTHONPATH handles app code loading.
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Continue'
+& $python -m pip install --no-warn-script-location "${ServerDir}[${extras}]" 2>&1 | ForEach-Object {
+    if ($_ -match 'ERROR|Failed') { Write-Host "  $_" -ForegroundColor Red }
+}
+$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
+    Write-Host "  Some optional deps may have failed (continuing)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
+}
+
+# Remove the installed wled_controller package to avoid duplication
+$sitePackages = Join-Path $PythonDir "Lib\site-packages"
+Get-ChildItem -Path $sitePackages -Filter "wled*" -Directory | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+Get-ChildItem -Path $sitePackages -Filter "wled*.dist-info" -Directory | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+
+# Clean up caches and test files to reduce size
+Write-Host "  Cleaning up caches..."
+Get-ChildItem -Path $sitePackages -Recurse -Directory -Filter "__pycache__" | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+Get-ChildItem -Path $sitePackages -Recurse -Directory -Filter "tests" | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+Get-ChildItem -Path $sitePackages -Recurse -Directory -Filter "test" | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+
+# ── Build frontend ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+if (-not $SkipFrontend) {
+    Write-Host "[6/8] Building frontend bundle..."
+    Push-Location $ServerDir
+    try {
+        $ErrorActionPreference = 'Continue'
+        & npm ci --loglevel error 2>&1 | Out-Null
+        & npm run build 2>&1 | ForEach-Object {
+            $line = "$_"
+            if ($line -and $line -notmatch 'RemoteException') { Write-Host "  $line" }
+        }
+        $ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+    } finally {
+        Pop-Location
+    }
+} else {
+    Write-Host "[6/8] Skipping frontend build (--SkipFrontend)"
+}
+
+# ── Copy application files ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+Write-Host "[7/8] Copying application files..."
+New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $AppDir -Force | Out-Null
+
+# Copy source code (includes static/dist bundle, templates, locales)
+$srcDest = Join-Path $AppDir "src"
+Copy-Item -Path (Join-Path $ServerDir "src") -Destination $srcDest -Recurse
+
+# Copy config
+$configDest = Join-Path $AppDir "config"
+Copy-Item -Path (Join-Path $ServerDir "config") -Destination $configDest -Recurse
+
+# Create empty data/ and logs/ directories
+New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path (Join-Path $DistDir "data") -Force | Out-Null
+New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path (Join-Path $DistDir "logs") -Force | Out-Null
+
+# Clean up source maps and __pycache__ from app code
+Get-ChildItem -Path $srcDest -Recurse -Filter "*.map" | Remove-Item -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+Get-ChildItem -Path $srcDest -Recurse -Directory -Filter "__pycache__" | Remove-Item -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+
+# ── Create launcher ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+Write-Host "[8/8] Creating launcher..."
+
+$launcherContent = @'
+@echo off
+title LedGrab v%VERSION%
+cd /d "%~dp0"
+
+:: Set paths
+set PYTHONPATH=%~dp0app\src
+set WLED_CONFIG_PATH=%~dp0app\config\default_config.yaml
+
+:: Create data directory if missing
+if not exist "%~dp0data" mkdir "%~dp0data"
+if not exist "%~dp0logs" mkdir "%~dp0logs"
+
+echo.
+echo  =============================================
+echo   LedGrab v%VERSION%
+echo   Open http://localhost:8080 in your browser
+echo  =============================================
+echo.
+
+:: Start the server (open browser after short delay)
+start "" /b cmd /c "timeout /t 2 /nobreak >nul && start http://localhost:8080"
+"%~dp0python\python.exe" -m uvicorn wled_controller.main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080
+
+pause
+'@
+
+$launcherContent = $launcherContent -replace '%VERSION%', $VersionClean
+$launcherPath = Join-Path $DistDir "LedGrab.bat"
+Set-Content -Path $launcherPath -Value $launcherContent -Encoding ASCII
+
+# ── Create ZIP ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+$ZipPath = Join-Path $BuildDir $ZipName
+if (Test-Path $ZipPath) { Remove-Item -Force $ZipPath }
+
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "Creating $ZipName..." -ForegroundColor Cyan
+
+# Use 7-Zip if available (faster, handles locked files), else fall back to Compress-Archive
+$7z = Get-Command 7z -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
+if ($7z) {
+    & 7z a -tzip -mx=7 $ZipPath "$DistDir\*" | Select-Object -Last 3
+} else {
+    Compress-Archive -Path "$DistDir\*" -DestinationPath $ZipPath -CompressionLevel Optimal
+}
+
+$zipSize = (Get-Item $ZipPath).Length / 1MB
+Write-Host ""
+Write-Host "=== Build complete ===" -ForegroundColor Green
+Write-Host "  Archive: $ZipPath"
+Write-Host "  Size: $([math]::Round($zipSize, 1)) MB"
+Write-Host ""

contexts/frontend.md

@@ -151,6 +151,24 @@ The app has an interactive tutorial system (`static/js/features/tutorials.js`) w
 
 When adding **new tabs, sections, or major UI elements**, update the corresponding tutorial step array in `tutorials.js` and add `tour.*` i18n keys to all 3 locale files (`en.json`, `ru.json`, `zh.json`).
 
+## Icons
+
+**Always use SVG icons from the icon system, never text/emoji/Unicode symbols for buttons and UI controls.**
+
+- Icon SVG paths are defined in `static/js/core/icon-paths.js` (Lucide icons, 24×24 viewBox)
+- Icon constants are exported from `static/js/core/icons.js` (e.g. `ICON_START`, `ICON_TRASH`, `ICON_EDIT`)
+- Use `_svg(path)` wrapper from `icons.js` to create new icon constants from paths
+
+When you need a new icon:
+1. Find the Lucide icon at https://lucide.dev
+2. Copy the inner SVG elements (paths, circles, rects) into `icon-paths.js` as a new export
+3. Add a corresponding `ICON_*` constant in `icons.js` using `_svg(P.myIcon)`
+4. Import and use the constant in your feature module
+
+Common icons: `ICON_START` (play), `ICON_STOP` (power), `ICON_EDIT` (pencil), `ICON_CLONE` (copy), `ICON_TRASH` (trash), `ICON_SETTINGS` (gear), `ICON_TEST` (flask), `ICON_OK` (circle-check), `ICON_WARNING` (triangle-alert), `ICON_HELP` (circle-help), `ICON_LIST_CHECKS` (list-checks), `ICON_CIRCLE_OFF` (circle-off).
+
+For icon-only buttons, use `btn btn-icon` CSS classes. The `.icon` class inside buttons auto-sizes to 16×16.
+
 ## Localization (i18n)
 
 **Every user-facing string must be localized.** Never use hardcoded English strings in `showToast()`, `error.textContent`, modal messages, or any other UI-visible text. Always use `t('key')` from `../core/i18n.js` and add the corresponding key to **all three** locale files (`en.json`, `ru.json`, `zh.json`).
@@ -219,6 +237,31 @@ When adding a new JS dependency: `npm install <pkg>` in `server/`, then `import`
 
 See [`contexts/chrome-tools.md`](chrome-tools.md) for Chrome MCP tool usage, browser tricks (hard reload, zoom, console), and verification workflow.
 
+## Duration & Numeric Formatting
+
+### Uptime / duration values
+
+Use `formatUptime(seconds)` from `core/ui.js`. Outputs `{s}s`, `{m}m {s}s`, or `{h}h {m}m` via i18n keys `time.seconds`, `time.minutes_seconds`, `time.hours_minutes`.
+
+### Large numbers
+
+Use `formatCompact(n)` from `core/ui.js`. Outputs `1.2K`, `3.5M` etc. Set `element.title` to the exact value for hover detail.
+
+### Preventing layout shift
+
+Numeric/duration values that update frequently (FPS, uptime, frame counts) **must** use fixed-width styling to prevent layout reflow:
+
+- `font-family: var(--font-mono, monospace)` — equal-width characters
+- `font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums` — equal-width digits in proportional fonts
+- Fixed `width` or `min-width` on the value container
+- `text-align: right` to anchor the growing edge
+
+Reference: `.dashboard-metric-value` in `dashboard.css` uses `font-family: var(--font-mono)`, `font-weight: 600`, `min-width: 48px`.
+
+### FPS sparkline charts
+
+Use `createFpsSparkline(canvasId, actualHistory, currentHistory, fpsTarget)` from `core/chart-utils.js`. Wrap the canvas in `.target-fps-sparkline` (36px height, `position: relative`, `overflow: hidden`). Show the value in `.target-fps-label` with `.metric-value` and `.target-fps-avg`.
+
 ## Visual Graph Editor
 
 See [`contexts/graph-editor.md`](graph-editor.md) for full graph editor architecture and conventions.

contexts/graph-editor.md

@@ -88,6 +88,14 @@ The filter bar (toggled with F or toolbar button) filters nodes by name/kind/sub
 
 Rendered as a small SVG with colored rects for each node and a viewport rect. Supports drag-to-pan, resize handles, and position persistence in localStorage.
 
+## Node hover FPS tooltip
+
+Running `output_target` nodes show a floating HTML tooltip on hover (300ms delay). The tooltip is an absolutely-positioned `<div class="graph-node-tooltip">` inside `.graph-container` (not SVG — needed for Chart.js canvas). It displays errors, uptime, and a FPS sparkline (reusing `createFpsSparkline` from `core/chart-utils.js`). The sparkline is seeded from `/api/v1/system/metrics-history` for instant context.
+
+**Hover events** use `pointerover`/`pointerout` with `relatedTarget` check to prevent flicker when the cursor moves between child SVG elements within the same `<g>` node.
+
+**Node titles** display the full entity name (no truncation). Native SVG `<title>` tooltips are omitted on nodes to avoid conflict with the custom tooltip.
+
 ## New entity focus
 
 When a user adds an entity via the graph's + menu, a watcher subscribes to all caches, detects the new ID, reloads the graph, and uses `zoomToPoint()` to smoothly fly to the new node with zoom + highlight animation.

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/__init__.py

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import logging
 from datetime import timedelta
 
+import voluptuous as vol
+
 from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
 from homeassistant.const import Platform
 from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 PLATFORMS: list[Platform] = [
     Platform.BUTTON,
+    Platform.LIGHT,
     Platform.SWITCH,
     Platform.SENSOR,
     Platform.NUMBER,
@@ -111,15 +114,17 @@ async def async_setup_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
     }
 
     # Track target and scene IDs to detect changes
-    initial_target_ids = set(
+    known_target_ids = set(
         coordinator.data.get("targets", {}).keys() if coordinator.data else []
     )
-    initial_scene_ids = set(
+    known_scene_ids = set(
         p["id"] for p in (coordinator.data.get("scene_presets", []) if coordinator.data else [])
     )
 
     def _on_coordinator_update() -> None:
         """Manage WS connections and detect target list changes."""
+        nonlocal known_target_ids, known_scene_ids
+
         if not coordinator.data:
             return
 
@@ -131,8 +136,10 @@ async def async_setup_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
             state = target_data.get("state") or {}
             if info.get("target_type") == TARGET_TYPE_KEY_COLORS:
                 if state.get("processing"):
+                    if target_id not in ws_manager._connections:
                         hass.async_create_task(ws_manager.start_listening(target_id))
                 else:
+                    if target_id in ws_manager._connections:
                         hass.async_create_task(ws_manager.stop_listening(target_id))
 
         # Reload if target or scene list changed
@@ -140,7 +147,9 @@ async def async_setup_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
         current_scene_ids = set(
             p["id"] for p in coordinator.data.get("scene_presets", [])
         )
-        if current_ids != initial_target_ids or current_scene_ids != initial_scene_ids:
+        if current_ids != known_target_ids or current_scene_ids != known_scene_ids:
+            known_target_ids = current_ids
+            known_scene_ids = current_scene_ids
             _LOGGER.info("Target or scene list changed, reloading integration")
             hass.async_create_task(
                 hass.config_entries.async_reload(entry.entry_id)
@@ -148,6 +157,35 @@ async def async_setup_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
 
     coordinator.async_add_listener(_on_coordinator_update)
 
+    # Register set_leds service (once across all entries)
+    async def handle_set_leds(call) -> None:
+        """Handle the set_leds service call."""
+        source_id = call.data["source_id"]
+        segments = call.data["segments"]
+        # Route to the coordinator that owns this source
+        for entry_data in hass.data[DOMAIN].values():
+            coord = entry_data.get(DATA_COORDINATOR)
+            if not coord or not coord.data:
+                continue
+            source_ids = {
+                s["id"] for s in coord.data.get("css_sources", [])
+            }
+            if source_id in source_ids:
+                await coord.push_segments(source_id, segments)
+                return
+        _LOGGER.error("No server found with source_id %s", source_id)
+
+    if not hass.services.has_service(DOMAIN, "set_leds"):
+        hass.services.async_register(
+            DOMAIN,
+            "set_leds",
+            handle_set_leds,
+            schema=vol.Schema({
+                vol.Required("source_id"): str,
+                vol.Required("segments"): list,
+            }),
+        )
+
     await hass.config_entries.async_forward_entry_setups(entry, PLATFORMS)
 
     return True
@@ -163,5 +201,8 @@ async def async_unload_entry(hass: HomeAssistant, entry: ConfigEntry) -> bool:
 
     if unload_ok:
         hass.data[DOMAIN].pop(entry.entry_id)
+        # Unregister service if no entries remain
+        if not hass.data[DOMAIN]:
+            hass.services.async_remove(DOMAIN, "set_leds")
 
     return unload_ok

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/button.py

@@ -65,10 +65,9 @@ class SceneActivateButton(CoordinatorEntity, ButtonEntity):
         """Return if entity is available."""
         if not self.coordinator.data:
             return False
-        return any(
-            p["id"] == self._preset_id
-            for p in self.coordinator.data.get("scene_presets", [])
-        )
+        return self._preset_id in {
+            p["id"] for p in self.coordinator.data.get("scene_presets", [])
+        }
 
     async def async_press(self) -> None:
         """Activate the scene preset."""

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/coordinator.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
         self.api_key = api_key
         self.server_version = "unknown"
         self._auth_headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}"}
-        self._pattern_cache: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}
+        self._timeout = aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT)
 
         super().__init__(
             hass,
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
                         kc_settings = target.get("key_colors_settings") or {}
                         template_id = kc_settings.get("pattern_template_id", "")
                         if template_id:
-                            result["rectangles"] = await self._get_rectangles(
+                            result["rectangles"] = await self._fetch_rectangles(
                                 template_id
                             )
                         else:
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
         try:
             async with self.session.get(
                 f"{self.server_url}/health",
-                timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+                timeout=self._timeout,
             ) as resp:
                 resp.raise_for_status()
                 data = await resp.json()
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
         async with self.session.get(
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/output-targets",
             headers=self._auth_headers,
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             resp.raise_for_status()
             data = await resp.json()
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
         async with self.session.get(
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/output-targets/{target_id}/state",
             headers=self._auth_headers,
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             resp.raise_for_status()
             return await resp.json()
@@ -171,27 +171,22 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
         async with self.session.get(
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/output-targets/{target_id}/metrics",
             headers=self._auth_headers,
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             resp.raise_for_status()
             return await resp.json()
 
-    async def _get_rectangles(self, template_id: str) -> list[dict]:
-        """Get rectangles for a pattern template, using cache."""
-        if template_id in self._pattern_cache:
-            return self._pattern_cache[template_id]
-
+    async def _fetch_rectangles(self, template_id: str) -> list[dict]:
+        """Fetch rectangles for a pattern template (no cache — always fresh)."""
         try:
             async with self.session.get(
                 f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/pattern-templates/{template_id}",
                 headers=self._auth_headers,
-                timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+                timeout=self._timeout,
             ) as resp:
                 resp.raise_for_status()
                 data = await resp.json()
-                rectangles = data.get("rectangles", [])
-                self._pattern_cache[template_id] = rectangles
-                return rectangles
+                return data.get("rectangles", [])
         except Exception as err:
             _LOGGER.warning(
                 "Failed to fetch pattern template %s: %s", template_id, err
@@ -204,7 +199,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             async with self.session.get(
                 f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/devices",
                 headers=self._auth_headers,
-                timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+                timeout=self._timeout,
             ) as resp:
                 resp.raise_for_status()
                 data = await resp.json()
@@ -213,18 +208,16 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             _LOGGER.warning("Failed to fetch devices: %s", err)
             return {}
 
-        devices_data: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
-
-        for device in devices:
+        # Fetch brightness for all capable devices in parallel
+        async def fetch_device_entry(device: dict) -> tuple[str, dict[str, Any]]:
             device_id = device["id"]
             entry: dict[str, Any] = {"info": device, "brightness": None}
-
             if "brightness_control" in (device.get("capabilities") or []):
                 try:
                     async with self.session.get(
                         f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/devices/{device_id}/brightness",
                         headers=self._auth_headers,
-                        timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+                        timeout=self._timeout,
                     ) as resp:
                         if resp.status == 200:
                             bri_data = await resp.json()
@@ -234,7 +227,19 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
                         "Failed to fetch brightness for device %s: %s",
                         device_id, err,
                     )
+            return device_id, entry
 
+        results = await asyncio.gather(
+            *(fetch_device_entry(d) for d in devices),
+            return_exceptions=True,
+        )
+
+        devices_data: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+        for r in results:
+            if isinstance(r, Exception):
+                _LOGGER.warning("Device fetch failed: %s", r)
+                continue
+            device_id, entry = r
             devices_data[device_id] = entry
 
         return devices_data
@@ -245,7 +250,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/devices/{device_id}/brightness",
             headers={**self._auth_headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
             json={"brightness": brightness},
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             if resp.status != 200:
                 body = await resp.text()
@@ -262,7 +267,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/devices/{device_id}/color",
             headers={**self._auth_headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
             json={"color": color},
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             if resp.status != 200:
                 body = await resp.text()
@@ -280,7 +285,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/output-targets/{target_id}",
             headers={**self._auth_headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
             json={"key_colors_settings": {"brightness": brightness_float}},
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             if resp.status != 200:
                 body = await resp.text()
@@ -297,7 +302,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             async with self.session.get(
                 f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/color-strip-sources",
                 headers=self._auth_headers,
-                timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+                timeout=self._timeout,
             ) as resp:
                 resp.raise_for_status()
                 data = await resp.json()
@@ -312,7 +317,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             async with self.session.get(
                 f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/value-sources",
                 headers=self._auth_headers,
-                timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+                timeout=self._timeout,
             ) as resp:
                 resp.raise_for_status()
                 data = await resp.json()
@@ -327,7 +332,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             async with self.session.get(
                 f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/scene-presets",
                 headers=self._auth_headers,
-                timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+                timeout=self._timeout,
             ) as resp:
                 resp.raise_for_status()
                 data = await resp.json()
@@ -336,12 +341,44 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
             _LOGGER.warning("Failed to fetch scene presets: %s", err)
             return []
 
+    async def push_colors(self, source_id: str, colors: list[list[int]]) -> None:
+        """Push flat color array to an api_input CSS source."""
+        async with self.session.post(
+            f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/color-strip-sources/{source_id}/colors",
+            headers={**self._auth_headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
+            json={"colors": colors},
+            timeout=self._timeout,
+        ) as resp:
+            if resp.status not in (200, 204):
+                body = await resp.text()
+                _LOGGER.error(
+                    "Failed to push colors to source %s: %s %s",
+                    source_id, resp.status, body,
+                )
+                resp.raise_for_status()
+
+    async def push_segments(self, source_id: str, segments: list[dict]) -> None:
+        """Push segment data to an api_input CSS source."""
+        async with self.session.post(
+            f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/color-strip-sources/{source_id}/colors",
+            headers={**self._auth_headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
+            json={"segments": segments},
+            timeout=self._timeout,
+        ) as resp:
+            if resp.status not in (200, 204):
+                body = await resp.text()
+                _LOGGER.error(
+                    "Failed to push segments to source %s: %s %s",
+                    source_id, resp.status, body,
+                )
+                resp.raise_for_status()
+
     async def activate_scene(self, preset_id: str) -> None:
         """Activate a scene preset."""
         async with self.session.post(
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/scene-presets/{preset_id}/activate",
             headers=self._auth_headers,
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             if resp.status != 200:
                 body = await resp.text()
@@ -352,13 +389,29 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
                 resp.raise_for_status()
         await self.async_request_refresh()
 
+    async def update_source(self, source_id: str, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Update a color strip source's fields."""
+        async with self.session.put(
+            f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/color-strip-sources/{source_id}",
+            headers={**self._auth_headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
+            json=kwargs,
+            timeout=self._timeout,
+        ) as resp:
+            if resp.status != 200:
+                body = await resp.text()
+                _LOGGER.error(
+                    "Failed to update source %s: %s %s",
+                    source_id, resp.status, body,
+                )
+                resp.raise_for_status()
+
     async def update_target(self, target_id: str, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        """Update a output target's fields."""
+        """Update an output target's fields."""
         async with self.session.put(
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/output-targets/{target_id}",
             headers={**self._auth_headers, "Content-Type": "application/json"},
             json=kwargs,
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             if resp.status != 200:
                 body = await resp.text()
@@ -374,7 +427,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
         async with self.session.post(
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/output-targets/{target_id}/start",
             headers=self._auth_headers,
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             if resp.status == 409:
                 _LOGGER.debug("Target %s already processing", target_id)
@@ -392,7 +445,7 @@ class WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator(DataUpdateCoordinator):
         async with self.session.post(
             f"{self.server_url}/api/v1/output-targets/{target_id}/stop",
             headers=self._auth_headers,
-            timeout=aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT),
+            timeout=self._timeout,
         ) as resp:
             if resp.status == 409:
                 _LOGGER.debug("Target %s already stopped", target_id)

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/light.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""Light platform for LED Screen Controller (api_input CSS sources)."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from typing import Any
+
+from homeassistant.components.light import (
+    ATTR_BRIGHTNESS,
+    ATTR_RGB_COLOR,
+    ColorMode,
+    LightEntity,
+)
+from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry
+from homeassistant.core import HomeAssistant
+from homeassistant.helpers.entity_platform import AddEntitiesCallback
+from homeassistant.helpers.update_coordinator import CoordinatorEntity
+
+from .const import DOMAIN, DATA_COORDINATOR
+from .coordinator import WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+async def async_setup_entry(
+    hass: HomeAssistant,
+    entry: ConfigEntry,
+    async_add_entities: AddEntitiesCallback,
+) -> None:
+    """Set up LED Screen Controller api_input lights."""
+    data = hass.data[DOMAIN][entry.entry_id]
+    coordinator: WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator = data[DATA_COORDINATOR]
+
+    entities = []
+    if coordinator.data:
+        for source in coordinator.data.get("css_sources", []):
+            if source.get("source_type") == "api_input":
+                entities.append(
+                    ApiInputLight(coordinator, source, entry.entry_id)
+                )
+
+    async_add_entities(entities)
+
+
+class ApiInputLight(CoordinatorEntity, LightEntity):
+    """Representation of an api_input CSS source as a light entity."""
+
+    _attr_has_entity_name = True
+    _attr_color_mode = ColorMode.RGB
+    _attr_supported_color_modes = {ColorMode.RGB}
+    _attr_translation_key = "api_input_light"
+    _attr_icon = "mdi:led-strip-variant"
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        coordinator: WLEDScreenControllerCoordinator,
+        source: dict[str, Any],
+        entry_id: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Initialize the light."""
+        super().__init__(coordinator)
+        self._source_id: str = source["id"]
+        self._source_name: str = source.get("name", self._source_id)
+        self._entry_id = entry_id
+        self._attr_unique_id = f"{self._source_id}_light"
+
+        # Restore state from fallback_color
+        fallback = self._get_fallback_color()
+        is_off = fallback == [0, 0, 0]
+        self._is_on: bool = not is_off
+        self._rgb_color: tuple[int, int, int] = (
+            (255, 255, 255) if is_off else tuple(fallback)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+        self._brightness: int = 255
+
+    @property
+    def device_info(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Return device information — one virtual device per api_input source."""
+        return {
+            "identifiers": {(DOMAIN, self._source_id)},
+            "name": self._source_name,
+            "manufacturer": "WLED Screen Controller",
+            "model": "API Input CSS Source",
+        }
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        """Return the entity name."""
+        return self._source_name
+
+    @property
+    def is_on(self) -> bool:
+        """Return true if the light is on."""
+        return self._is_on
+
+    @property
+    def rgb_color(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """Return the current RGB color."""
+        return self._rgb_color
+
+    @property
+    def brightness(self) -> int:
+        """Return the current brightness (0-255)."""
+        return self._brightness
+
+    async def async_turn_on(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Turn on the light, optionally setting color and brightness."""
+        if ATTR_RGB_COLOR in kwargs:
+            self._rgb_color = kwargs[ATTR_RGB_COLOR]
+        if ATTR_BRIGHTNESS in kwargs:
+            self._brightness = kwargs[ATTR_BRIGHTNESS]
+
+        # Scale RGB by brightness
+        scale = self._brightness / 255
+        r, g, b = self._rgb_color
+        scaled = [round(r * scale), round(g * scale), round(b * scale)]
+
+        await self.coordinator.push_segments(
+            self._source_id,
+            [{"start": 0, "length": 9999, "mode": "solid", "color": scaled}],
+        )
+        # Update fallback_color so the color persists beyond the timeout
+        await self.coordinator.update_source(
+            self._source_id, fallback_color=scaled,
+        )
+        self._is_on = True
+        self.async_write_ha_state()
+
+    async def async_turn_off(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        """Turn off the light by pushing black and setting fallback to black."""
+        off_color = [0, 0, 0]
+        await self.coordinator.push_segments(
+            self._source_id,
+            [{"start": 0, "length": 9999, "mode": "solid", "color": off_color}],
+        )
+        await self.coordinator.update_source(
+            self._source_id, fallback_color=off_color,
+        )
+        self._is_on = False
+        self.async_write_ha_state()
+
+    def _get_fallback_color(self) -> list[int]:
+        """Read fallback_color from the source config in coordinator data."""
+        if not self.coordinator.data:
+            return [0, 0, 0]
+        for source in self.coordinator.data.get("css_sources", []):
+            if source.get("id") == self._source_id:
+                fallback = source.get("fallback_color")
+                if fallback and len(fallback) >= 3:
+                    return list(fallback[:3])
+                break
+        return [0, 0, 0]

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/select.py

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class CSSSourceSelect(CoordinatorEntity, SelectEntity):
         return self._target_id in self.coordinator.data.get("targets", {})
 
     async def async_select_option(self, option: str) -> None:
-        source_id = self._name_to_id(option)
+        source_id = self._name_to_id_map().get(option)
         if source_id is None:
             _LOGGER.error("CSS source not found: %s", option)
             return
@@ -104,12 +104,9 @@ class CSSSourceSelect(CoordinatorEntity, SelectEntity):
             self._target_id, color_strip_source_id=source_id
         )
 
-    def _name_to_id(self, name: str) -> str | None:
+    def _name_to_id_map(self) -> dict[str, str]:
         sources = (self.coordinator.data or {}).get("css_sources") or []
-        for s in sources:
-            if s["name"] == name:
-                return s["id"]
-        return None
+        return {s["name"]: s["id"] for s in sources}
 
 
 class BrightnessSourceSelect(CoordinatorEntity, SelectEntity):
@@ -167,17 +164,14 @@ class BrightnessSourceSelect(CoordinatorEntity, SelectEntity):
         if option == NONE_OPTION:
             source_id = ""
         else:
-            source_id = self._name_to_id(option)
+            name_map = {
+                s["name"]: s["id"]
+                for s in (self.coordinator.data or {}).get("value_sources") or []
+            }
+            source_id = name_map.get(option)
             if source_id is None:
                 _LOGGER.error("Value source not found: %s", option)
                 return
         await self.coordinator.update_target(
             self._target_id, brightness_value_source_id=source_id
         )
-
-    def _name_to_id(self, name: str) -> str | None:
-        sources = (self.coordinator.data or {}).get("value_sources") or []
-        for s in sources:
-            if s["name"] == name:
-                return s["id"]
-        return None

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/services.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+set_leds:
+  name: Set LEDs
+  description: Push segment data to an api_input color strip source
+  fields:
+    source_id:
+      name: Source ID
+      description: The api_input CSS source ID (e.g., css_abc12345)
+      required: true
+      selector:
+        text:
+    segments:
+      name: Segments
+      description: >
+        List of segment objects. Each segment has: start (int), length (int),
+        mode ("solid"/"per_pixel"/"gradient"), color ([R,G,B] for solid),
+        colors ([[R,G,B],...] for per_pixel/gradient)
+      required: true
+      selector:
+        object:

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/strings.json

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@
         "name": "{scene_name}"
       }
     },
+    "light": {
+      "api_input_light": {
+        "name": "Light"
+      }
+    },
     "switch": {
       "processing": {
         "name": "Processing"
@@ -66,5 +71,21 @@
         "name": "Brightness Source"
       }
     }
+  },
+  "services": {
+    "set_leds": {
+      "name": "Set LEDs",
+      "description": "Push segment data to an api_input color strip source.",
+      "fields": {
+        "source_id": {
+          "name": "Source ID",
+          "description": "The api_input CSS source ID (e.g., css_abc12345)."
+        },
+        "segments": {
+          "name": "Segments",
+          "description": "List of segment objects with start, length, mode, and color/colors fields."
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
 }

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/translations/en.json

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@
         "name": "{scene_name}"
       }
     },
+    "light": {
+      "api_input_light": {
+        "name": "Light"
+      }
+    },
     "switch": {
       "processing": {
         "name": "Processing"
@@ -58,9 +63,12 @@
         "name": "Brightness"
       }
     },
-    "light": {
-      "light": {
-        "name": "Light"
+    "select": {
+      "color_strip_source": {
+        "name": "Color Strip Source"
+      },
+      "brightness_source": {
+        "name": "Brightness Source"
       }
     }
   }

custom_components/wled_screen_controller/translations/ru.json

@@ -31,6 +31,11 @@
         "name": "{scene_name}"
       }
     },
+    "light": {
+      "api_input_light": {
+        "name": "Подсветка"
+      }
+    },
     "switch": {
       "processing": {
         "name": "Обработка"
@@ -58,9 +63,12 @@
         "name": "Яркость"
       }
     },
-    "light": {
-      "light": {
-        "name": "Подсветка"
+    "select": {
+      "color_strip_source": {
+        "name": "Источник цветовой полосы"
+      },
+      "brightness_source": {
+        "name": "Источник яркости"
       }
     }
   }

server/esbuild.mjs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ const watch = process.argv.includes('--watch');
 
 /** @type {esbuild.BuildOptions} */
 const jsOpts = {
-    entryPoints: [`${srcDir}/js/app.js`],
+    entryPoints: [`${srcDir}/js/app.ts`],
     bundle: true,
     format: 'iife',
     outfile: `${outDir}/app.bundle.js`,

server/package-lock.json

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@
         "elkjs": "^0.11.1"
       },
       "devDependencies": {
-        "esbuild": "^0.27.4"
+        "esbuild": "^0.27.4",
+        "typescript": "^5.9.3"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/@esbuild/aix-ppc64": {
@@ -493,6 +494,19 @@
         "@esbuild/win32-ia32": "0.27.4",
         "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.27.4"
       }
+    },
+    "node_modules/typescript": {
+      "version": "5.9.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.9.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "bin": {
+        "tsc": "bin/tsc",
+        "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=14.17"
+      }
     }
   },
   "dependencies": {
@@ -729,6 +743,12 @@
         "@esbuild/win32-ia32": "0.27.4",
         "@esbuild/win32-x64": "0.27.4"
       }
+    },
+    "typescript": {
+      "version": "5.9.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.9.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-jl1vZzPDinLr9eUt3J/t7V6FgNEw9QjvBPdysz9KfQDD41fQrC2Y4vKQdiaUpFT4bXlb1RHhLpp8wtm6M5TgSw==",
+      "dev": true
     }
   }
 }

server/package.json

@@ -9,13 +9,15 @@
   },
   "scripts": {
     "build": "node esbuild.mjs",
-    "watch": "node esbuild.mjs --watch"
+    "watch": "node esbuild.mjs --watch",
+    "typecheck": "tsc --noEmit"
   },
   "keywords": [],
   "author": "",
   "license": "ISC",
   "devDependencies": {
-    "esbuild": "^0.27.4"
+    "esbuild": "^0.27.4",
+    "typescript": "^5.9.3"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "chart.js": "^4.5.1",

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/audio_sources.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.audio_source import AudioSource
 from wled_controller.storage.audio_source_store import AudioSourceStore
 from wled_controller.storage.color_strip_store import ColorStripStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ def _to_response(source: AudioSource) -> AudioSourceResponse:
         audio_source_id=getattr(source, "audio_source_id", None),
         channel=getattr(source, "channel", None),
         description=source.description,
-        tags=getattr(source, 'tags', []),
+        tags=source.tags,
         created_at=source.created_at,
         updated_at=source.updated_at,
     )
@@ -85,6 +86,9 @@ async def create_audio_source(
         )
         fire_entity_event("audio_source", "created", source.id)
         return _to_response(source)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -125,6 +129,9 @@ async def update_audio_source(
         )
         fire_entity_event("audio_source", "updated", source_id)
         return _to_response(source)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -148,6 +155,9 @@ async def delete_audio_source(
 
         store.delete_source(source_id)
         fire_entity_event("audio_source", "deleted", source_id)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/audio_templates.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from wled_controller.core.audio.factory import AudioEngineRegistry
 from wled_controller.storage.audio_template_store import AudioTemplateStore
 from wled_controller.storage.audio_source_store import AudioSourceStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ async def list_audio_templates(
         responses = [
             AudioTemplateResponse(
                 id=t.id, name=t.name, engine_type=t.engine_type,
-                engine_config=t.engine_config, tags=getattr(t, 'tags', []),
+                engine_config=t.engine_config, tags=t.tags,
                 created_at=t.created_at,
                 updated_at=t.updated_at, description=t.description,
             )
@@ -66,10 +67,13 @@ async def create_audio_template(
         fire_entity_event("audio_template", "created", template.id)
         return AudioTemplateResponse(
             id=template.id, name=template.name, engine_type=template.engine_type,
-            engine_config=template.engine_config, tags=getattr(template, 'tags', []),
+            engine_config=template.engine_config, tags=template.tags,
             created_at=template.created_at,
             updated_at=template.updated_at, description=template.description,
         )
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ async def get_audio_template(
         raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=f"Audio template {template_id} not found")
     return AudioTemplateResponse(
         id=t.id, name=t.name, engine_type=t.engine_type,
-        engine_config=t.engine_config, tags=getattr(t, 'tags', []),
+        engine_config=t.engine_config, tags=t.tags,
         created_at=t.created_at,
         updated_at=t.updated_at, description=t.description,
     )
@@ -113,10 +117,13 @@ async def update_audio_template(
         fire_entity_event("audio_template", "updated", template_id)
         return AudioTemplateResponse(
             id=t.id, name=t.name, engine_type=t.engine_type,
-            engine_config=t.engine_config, tags=getattr(t, 'tags', []),
+            engine_config=t.engine_config, tags=t.tags,
             created_at=t.created_at,
             updated_at=t.updated_at, description=t.description,
         )
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -137,6 +144,9 @@ async def delete_audio_template(
         fire_entity_event("audio_template", "deleted", template_id)
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/automations.py

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.automation import (
 from wled_controller.storage.automation_store import AutomationStore
 from wled_controller.storage.scene_preset_store import ScenePresetStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 router = APIRouter()
@@ -89,7 +90,12 @@ def _automation_to_response(automation, engine: AutomationEngine, request: Reque
     webhook_url = None
     for c in automation.conditions:
         if isinstance(c, WebhookCondition) and c.token:
-            if request:
+            # Prefer configured external URL, fall back to request base URL
+            from wled_controller.api.routes.system import load_external_url
+            ext = load_external_url()
+            if ext:
+                webhook_url = ext + f"/api/v1/webhooks/{c.token}"
+            elif request:
                 webhook_url = str(request.base_url).rstrip("/") + f"/api/v1/webhooks/{c.token}"
             else:
                 webhook_url = f"/api/v1/webhooks/{c.token}"
@@ -108,7 +114,7 @@ def _automation_to_response(automation, engine: AutomationEngine, request: Reque
         is_active=state["is_active"],
         last_activated_at=state.get("last_activated_at"),
         last_deactivated_at=state.get("last_deactivated_at"),
-        tags=getattr(automation, 'tags', []),
+        tags=automation.tags,
         created_at=automation.created_at,
         updated_at=automation.updated_at,
     )
@@ -158,6 +164,9 @@ async def create_automation(
 
     try:
         conditions = [_condition_from_schema(c) for c in data.conditions]
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -244,6 +253,9 @@ async def update_automation(
     if data.conditions is not None:
         try:
             conditions = [_condition_from_schema(c) for c in data.conditions]
+        except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
         except ValueError as e:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/color_strip_processing.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.color_strip_processing_template_store import ColorS
 from wled_controller.storage.color_strip_store import ColorStripStore
 from wled_controller.storage import DeviceStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def _cspt_to_response(t) -> ColorStripProcessingTemplateResponse:
         created_at=t.created_at,
         updated_at=t.updated_at,
         description=t.description,
-        tags=getattr(t, 'tags', []),
+        tags=t.tags,
     )
 
 
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@ async def create_cspt(
         )
         fire_entity_event("cspt", "created", template.id)
         return _cspt_to_response(template)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -119,6 +123,9 @@ async def update_cspt(
         )
         fire_entity_event("cspt", "updated", template_id)
         return _cspt_to_response(template)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -148,6 +155,9 @@ async def delete_cspt(
         fire_entity_event("cspt", "deleted", template_id)
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/color_strip_sources.py

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.picture_source import ProcessedPictureSource, Scree
 from wled_controller.storage.picture_source_store import PictureSourceStore
 from wled_controller.storage.output_target_store import OutputTargetStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
 router = APIRouter()
@@ -154,6 +155,10 @@ async def create_color_strip_source(
         fire_entity_event("color_strip_source", "created", source.id)
         return _css_to_response(source)
 
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -410,7 +415,8 @@ async def push_colors(
 ):
     """Push raw LED colors to an api_input color strip source.
 
-    The colors are forwarded to all running stream instances for this source.
+    Accepts either 'colors' (flat [[R,G,B], ...] array) or 'segments' (segment-based).
+    The payload is forwarded to all running stream instances for this source.
     """
     try:
         source = store.get_source(source_id)
@@ -420,15 +426,27 @@ async def push_colors(
     if not isinstance(source, ApiInputColorStripSource):
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Source is not an api_input type")
 
+    streams = manager.color_strip_stream_manager.get_streams_by_source_id(source_id)
+
+    if body.segments is not None:
+        # Segment-based path
+        seg_dicts = [s.model_dump() for s in body.segments]
+        for stream in streams:
+            if hasattr(stream, "push_segments"):
+                stream.push_segments(seg_dicts)
+        return {
+            "status": "ok",
+            "streams_updated": len(streams),
+            "segments_applied": len(body.segments),
+        }
+    else:
+        # Legacy flat colors path
         colors_array = np.array(body.colors, dtype=np.uint8)
         if colors_array.ndim != 2 or colors_array.shape[1] != 3:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Colors must be an array of [R,G,B] triplets")
-
-    streams = manager.color_strip_stream_manager.get_streams_by_source_id(source_id)
         for stream in streams:
             if hasattr(stream, "push_colors"):
                 stream.push_colors(colors_array)
-
         return {
             "status": "ok",
             "streams_updated": len(streams),
@@ -708,18 +726,41 @@ async def css_api_input_ws(
                 break
 
             if "text" in message:
-                # JSON frame: {"colors": [[R,G,B], ...]}
+                # JSON frame: {"colors": [[R,G,B], ...]} or {"segments": [...]}
                 import json
                 try:
                     data = json.loads(message["text"])
-                    raw_colors = data.get("colors", [])
+                except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError) as e:
+                    await websocket.send_json({"error": str(e)})
+                    continue
+
+                if "segments" in data:
+                    # Segment-based path — validate and push
+                    try:
+                        from wled_controller.api.schemas.color_strip_sources import SegmentPayload
+                        seg_dicts = [SegmentPayload(**s).model_dump() for s in data["segments"]]
+                    except Exception as e:
+                        await websocket.send_json({"error": f"Invalid segment: {e}"})
+                        continue
+                    streams = manager.color_strip_stream_manager.get_streams_by_source_id(source_id)
+                    for stream in streams:
+                        if hasattr(stream, "push_segments"):
+                            stream.push_segments(seg_dicts)
+                    continue
+
+                elif "colors" in data:
+                    try:
+                        raw_colors = data["colors"]
                         colors_array = np.array(raw_colors, dtype=np.uint8)
                         if colors_array.ndim != 2 or colors_array.shape[1] != 3:
                             await websocket.send_json({"error": "Colors must be [[R,G,B], ...]"})
                             continue
-                except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError, TypeError) as e:
+                    except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
                         await websocket.send_json({"error": str(e)})
                         continue
+                else:
+                    await websocket.send_json({"error": "JSON frame must contain 'colors' or 'segments'"})
+                    continue
 
             elif "bytes" in message:
                 # Binary frame: raw RGBRGB... bytes (3 bytes per LED)
@@ -732,7 +773,7 @@ async def css_api_input_ws(
             else:
                 continue
 
-            # Push to all running streams
+            # Push to all running streams (colors_array path only reaches here)
             streams = manager.color_strip_stream_manager.get_streams_by_source_id(source_id)
             for stream in streams:
                 if hasattr(stream, "push_colors"):
@@ -799,6 +840,10 @@ async def test_color_strip_ws(
     try:
         from wled_controller.core.processing.composite_stream import CompositeColorStripStream
 
+        from wled_controller.core.processing.api_input_stream import ApiInputColorStripStream
+        is_api_input = isinstance(stream, ApiInputColorStripStream)
+        _last_push_gen = 0  # track api_input push generation to skip unchanged frames
+
         # Send metadata as first message
         is_picture = isinstance(source, (PictureColorStripSource, AdvancedPictureColorStripSource))
         is_composite = isinstance(source, CompositeColorStripSource)
@@ -874,6 +919,15 @@ async def test_color_strip_ws(
                     await websocket.send_bytes(b''.join(parts))
                 elif composite_colors is not None:
                     await websocket.send_bytes(composite_colors.tobytes())
+            else:
+                # For api_input: only send when new data was pushed
+                if is_api_input:
+                    gen = stream.push_generation
+                    if gen != _last_push_gen:
+                        _last_push_gen = gen
+                        colors = stream.get_latest_colors()
+                        if colors is not None:
+                            await websocket.send_bytes(colors.tobytes())
                 else:
                     colors = stream.get_latest_colors()
                     if colors is not None:

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/devices.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from wled_controller.core.processing.processor_manager import ProcessorManager
 from wled_controller.storage import DeviceStore
 from wled_controller.storage.output_target_store import OutputTargetStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ def _device_to_response(device) -> DeviceResponse:
         rgbw=device.rgbw,
         zone_mode=device.zone_mode,
         capabilities=sorted(get_device_capabilities(device.device_type)),
-        tags=getattr(device, 'tags', []),
+        tags=device.tags,
         dmx_protocol=getattr(device, 'dmx_protocol', 'artnet'),
         dmx_start_universe=getattr(device, 'dmx_start_universe', 0),
         dmx_start_channel=getattr(device, 'dmx_start_channel', 1),

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/output_targets.py

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.key_colors_output_target import (
 )
 from wled_controller.storage.output_target_store import OutputTargetStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ def _target_to_response(target) -> OutputTargetResponse:
             adaptive_fps=target.adaptive_fps,
             protocol=target.protocol,
             description=target.description,
-            tags=getattr(target, 'tags', []),
+            tags=target.tags,
 
             created_at=target.created_at,
             updated_at=target.updated_at,
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ def _target_to_response(target) -> OutputTargetResponse:
             picture_source_id=target.picture_source_id,
             key_colors_settings=_kc_settings_to_schema(target.settings),
             description=target.description,
-            tags=getattr(target, 'tags', []),
+            tags=target.tags,
 
             created_at=target.created_at,
             updated_at=target.updated_at,
@@ -130,7 +131,7 @@ def _target_to_response(target) -> OutputTargetResponse:
             name=target.name,
             target_type=target.target_type,
             description=target.description,
-            tags=getattr(target, 'tags', []),
+            tags=target.tags,
 
             created_at=target.created_at,
             updated_at=target.updated_at,
@@ -188,6 +189,9 @@ async def create_target(
 
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -598,6 +602,9 @@ async def test_kc_target(
 
         try:
             chain = source_store.resolve_stream_chain(target.picture_source_id)
+        except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
         except ValueError as e:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -735,6 +742,9 @@ async def test_kc_target(
 
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except RuntimeError as e:
@@ -849,59 +859,42 @@ async def test_kc_target_ws(
     await websocket.accept()
     logger.info(f"KC test WS connected for {target_id} (fps={fps})")
 
-    capture_stream = None
+    # Use the shared LiveStreamManager so we share the capture stream with
+    # running LED targets instead of creating a competing DXGI duplicator.
+    live_stream_mgr = processor_manager_inst._live_stream_manager
+    live_stream = None
+
     try:
+        live_stream = await asyncio.to_thread(
+            live_stream_mgr.acquire, target.picture_source_id
+        )
+        logger.info(f"KC test WS acquired shared live stream for {target.picture_source_id}")
+
+        prev_frame_ref = None
+
         while True:
             loop_start = time.monotonic()
 
-            pil_image = None
-            capture_stream_local = None
-
             try:
-                import httpx
-                # Reload chain each iteration for dynamic sources
-                chain = source_store_inst.resolve_stream_chain(target.picture_source_id)
-                raw_stream = chain["raw_stream"]
+                capture = await asyncio.to_thread(live_stream.get_latest_frame)
 
-                if isinstance(raw_stream, StaticImagePictureSource):
-                    source = raw_stream.image_source
-                    if source.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
-                        async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=15, follow_redirects=True) as client:
-                            resp = await client.get(source)
-                            resp.raise_for_status()
-                            pil_image = Image.open(io.BytesIO(resp.content)).convert("RGB")
-                    else:
-                        from pathlib import Path
-                        path = Path(source)
-                        if path.exists():
-                            pil_image = Image.open(path).convert("RGB")
+                if capture is None or capture.image is None:
+                    await asyncio.sleep(frame_interval)
+                    continue
 
-                elif isinstance(raw_stream, ScreenCapturePictureSource):
-                    try:
-                        capture_tmpl = template_store_inst.get_template(raw_stream.capture_template_id)
-                    except ValueError:
-                        break
-
-                    if capture_tmpl.engine_type not in EngineRegistry.get_available_engines():
-                        break
-
-                    capture_stream_local = EngineRegistry.create_stream(
-                        capture_tmpl.engine_type, raw_stream.display_index, capture_tmpl.engine_config
-                    )
-                    capture_stream_local.initialize()
-                    screen_capture = capture_stream_local.capture_frame()
-                    if screen_capture is not None and isinstance(screen_capture.image, np.ndarray):
-                        pil_image = Image.fromarray(screen_capture.image)
-
-                else:
-                    # VideoCaptureSource or other — not directly supported in WS test
-                    break
+                # Skip if same frame object (no new capture yet)
+                if capture is prev_frame_ref:
+                    await asyncio.sleep(frame_interval * 0.5)
+                    continue
+                prev_frame_ref = capture
 
+                pil_image = Image.fromarray(capture.image) if isinstance(capture.image, np.ndarray) else None
                 if pil_image is None:
                     await asyncio.sleep(frame_interval)
                     continue
 
-                # Apply postprocessing
+                # Apply postprocessing (if the source chain has PP templates)
+                chain = source_store_inst.resolve_stream_chain(target.picture_source_id)
                 pp_template_ids = chain.get("postprocessing_template_ids", [])
                 if pp_template_ids and pp_template_store_inst:
                     img_array = np.array(pil_image)
@@ -971,12 +964,6 @@ async def test_kc_target_ws(
                 if isinstance(inner_e, WebSocketDisconnect):
                     raise
                 logger.warning(f"KC test WS frame error for {target_id}: {inner_e}")
-            finally:
-                if capture_stream_local:
-                    try:
-                        capture_stream_local.cleanup()
-                    except Exception:
-                        pass
 
             elapsed = time.monotonic() - loop_start
             sleep_time = frame_interval - elapsed
@@ -988,9 +975,11 @@ async def test_kc_target_ws(
     except Exception as e:
         logger.error(f"KC test WS error for {target_id}: {e}", exc_info=True)
     finally:
-        if capture_stream:
+        if live_stream is not None:
             try:
-                capture_stream.cleanup()
+                await asyncio.to_thread(
+                    live_stream_mgr.release, target.picture_source_id
+                )
             except Exception:
                 pass
         logger.info(f"KC test WS closed for {target_id}")

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/pattern_templates.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.key_colors_output_target import KeyColorRectangle
 from wled_controller.storage.pattern_template_store import PatternTemplateStore
 from wled_controller.storage.output_target_store import OutputTargetStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ def _pat_template_to_response(t) -> PatternTemplateResponse:
         created_at=t.created_at,
         updated_at=t.updated_at,
         description=t.description,
-        tags=getattr(t, 'tags', []),
+        tags=t.tags,
     )
 
 
@@ -76,6 +77,9 @@ async def create_pattern_template(
         )
         fire_entity_event("pattern_template", "created", template.id)
         return _pat_template_to_response(template)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -121,6 +125,9 @@ async def update_pattern_template(
         )
         fire_entity_event("pattern_template", "updated", template_id)
         return _pat_template_to_response(template)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -149,6 +156,9 @@ async def delete_pattern_template(
         fire_entity_event("pattern_template", "deleted", template_id)
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/picture_sources.py

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.postprocessing_template_store import Postprocessing
 from wled_controller.storage.picture_source_store import PictureSourceStore
 from wled_controller.storage.picture_source import ScreenCapturePictureSource, StaticImagePictureSource, VideoCaptureSource
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ def _stream_to_response(s) -> PictureSourceResponse:
         created_at=s.created_at,
         updated_at=s.updated_at,
         description=s.description,
-        tags=getattr(s, 'tags', []),
+        tags=s.tags,
         # Video fields
         url=getattr(s, "url", None),
         loop=getattr(s, "loop", None),
@@ -228,6 +229,9 @@ async def create_picture_source(
         return _stream_to_response(stream)
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -280,6 +284,9 @@ async def update_picture_source(
         )
         fire_entity_event("picture_source", "updated", stream_id)
         return _stream_to_response(stream)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -309,6 +316,9 @@ async def delete_picture_source(
         fire_entity_event("picture_source", "deleted", stream_id)
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -383,6 +393,9 @@ async def test_picture_source(
         # Resolve stream chain
         try:
             chain = store.resolve_stream_chain(stream_id)
+        except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
         except ValueError as e:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -541,6 +554,9 @@ async def test_picture_source(
 
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except RuntimeError as e:

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/postprocessing.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.postprocessing_template_store import Postprocessing
 from wled_controller.storage.picture_source_store import PictureSourceStore
 from wled_controller.storage.picture_source import ScreenCapturePictureSource, StaticImagePictureSource
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ def _pp_template_to_response(t) -> PostprocessingTemplateResponse:
         created_at=t.created_at,
         updated_at=t.updated_at,
         description=t.description,
-        tags=getattr(t, 'tags', []),
+        tags=t.tags,
     )
 
 
@@ -61,13 +62,9 @@ async def list_pp_templates(
     store: PostprocessingTemplateStore = Depends(get_pp_template_store),
 ):
     """List all postprocessing templates."""
-    try:
     templates = store.get_all_templates()
     responses = [_pp_template_to_response(t) for t in templates]
     return PostprocessingTemplateListResponse(templates=responses, count=len(responses))
-    except Exception as e:
-        logger.error(f"Failed to list postprocessing templates: {e}")
-        raise HTTPException(status_code=500, detail=str(e))
 
 
 @router.post("/api/v1/postprocessing-templates", response_model=PostprocessingTemplateResponse, tags=["Postprocessing Templates"], status_code=201)
@@ -87,6 +84,9 @@ async def create_pp_template(
         )
         fire_entity_event("pp_template", "created", template.id)
         return _pp_template_to_response(template)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -127,6 +127,9 @@ async def update_pp_template(
         )
         fire_entity_event("pp_template", "updated", template_id)
         return _pp_template_to_response(template)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -156,6 +159,9 @@ async def delete_pp_template(
         fire_entity_event("pp_template", "deleted", template_id)
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -184,6 +190,9 @@ async def test_pp_template(
         # Resolve source stream chain to get the raw stream
         try:
             chain = stream_store.resolve_stream_chain(test_request.source_stream_id)
+        except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
         except ValueError as e:
             raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -327,6 +336,9 @@ async def test_pp_template(
 
     except HTTPException:
         raise
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/scene_presets.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.output_target_store import OutputTargetStore
 from wled_controller.storage.scene_preset import ScenePreset
 from wled_controller.storage.scene_preset_store import ScenePresetStore
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 router = APIRouter()
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ def _preset_to_response(preset: ScenePreset) -> ScenePresetResponse:
             "fps": t.fps,
         } for t in preset.targets],
         order=preset.order,
-        tags=getattr(preset, 'tags', []),
+        tags=preset.tags,
         created_at=preset.created_at,
         updated_at=preset.updated_at,
     )
@@ -85,6 +86,9 @@ async def create_scene_preset(
 
     try:
         preset = store.create_preset(preset)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/sync_clocks.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.sync_clock_store import SyncClockStore
 from wled_controller.storage.color_strip_store import ColorStripStore
 from wled_controller.core.processing.sync_clock_manager import SyncClockManager
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ def _to_response(clock: SyncClock, manager: SyncClockManager) -> SyncClockRespon
         name=clock.name,
         speed=rt.speed if rt else clock.speed,
         description=clock.description,
-        tags=getattr(clock, 'tags', []),
+        tags=clock.tags,
         is_running=rt.is_running if rt else True,
         elapsed_time=rt.get_time() if rt else 0.0,
         created_at=clock.created_at,
@@ -73,6 +74,9 @@ async def create_sync_clock(
         )
         fire_entity_event("sync_clock", "created", clock.id)
         return _to_response(clock, manager)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -114,6 +118,9 @@ async def update_sync_clock(
             manager.update_speed(clock_id, clock.speed)
         fire_entity_event("sync_clock", "updated", clock_id)
         return _to_response(clock, manager)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -137,6 +144,9 @@ async def delete_sync_clock(
         manager.release_all_for(clock_id)
         store.delete_clock(clock_id)
         fire_entity_event("sync_clock", "deleted", clock_id)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/system.py

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ from wled_controller.api.schemas.system import (
     BackupListResponse,
     DisplayInfo,
     DisplayListResponse,
+    ExternalUrlRequest,
+    ExternalUrlResponse,
     GpuInfo,
     HealthResponse,
     LogLevelRequest,
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None)
 
 # GPU monitoring (initialized once in utils.gpu, shared with metrics_history)
 from wled_controller.utils.gpu import nvml_available as _nvml_available, nvml as _nvml, nvml_handle as _nvml_handle
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 
 def _get_cpu_name() -> str | None:
@@ -94,8 +97,8 @@ def _get_cpu_name() -> str | None:
                 .decode()
                 .strip()
             )
-    except Exception:
-        pass
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning("CPU name detection failed: %s", e)
     return platform.processor() or None
 
 
@@ -155,7 +158,7 @@ async def list_all_tags(_: AuthRequired):
         items = fn() if fn else None
         if items:
             for item in items:
-                all_tags.update(getattr(item, 'tags', []))
+                all_tags.update(item.tags)
     return {"tags": sorted(all_tags)}
 
 
@@ -203,6 +206,10 @@ async def get_displays(
             count=len(displays),
         )
 
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -263,8 +270,8 @@ def get_system_performance(_: AuthRequired):
                 memory_total_mb=round(mem_info.total / 1024 / 1024, 1),
                 temperature_c=float(temp),
             )
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.debug("NVML query failed: %s", e)
 
     return PerformanceResponse(
         cpu_name=_cpu_name,
@@ -763,6 +770,63 @@ async def update_mqtt_settings(_: AuthRequired, body: MQTTSettingsRequest):
     )
 
 
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# External URL setting
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_EXTERNAL_URL_FILE: Path | None = None
+
+
+def _get_external_url_path() -> Path:
+    global _EXTERNAL_URL_FILE
+    if _EXTERNAL_URL_FILE is None:
+        cfg = get_config()
+        data_dir = Path(cfg.storage.devices_file).parent
+        _EXTERNAL_URL_FILE = data_dir / "external_url.json"
+    return _EXTERNAL_URL_FILE
+
+
+def load_external_url() -> str:
+    """Load the external URL setting. Returns empty string if not set."""
+    path = _get_external_url_path()
+    if path.exists():
+        try:
+            with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                data = json.load(f)
+            return data.get("external_url", "")
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+    return ""
+
+
+def _save_external_url(url: str) -> None:
+    from wled_controller.utils import atomic_write_json
+    atomic_write_json(_get_external_url_path(), {"external_url": url})
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/api/v1/system/external-url",
+    response_model=ExternalUrlResponse,
+    tags=["System"],
+)
+async def get_external_url(_: AuthRequired):
+    """Get the configured external base URL."""
+    return ExternalUrlResponse(external_url=load_external_url())
+
+
+@router.put(
+    "/api/v1/system/external-url",
+    response_model=ExternalUrlResponse,
+    tags=["System"],
+)
+async def update_external_url(_: AuthRequired, body: ExternalUrlRequest):
+    """Set the external base URL used in webhook URLs and other user-visible URLs."""
+    url = body.external_url.strip().rstrip("/")
+    _save_external_url(url)
+    logger.info("External URL updated: %s", url or "(cleared)")
+    return ExternalUrlResponse(external_url=url)
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Live log viewer WebSocket
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/templates.py

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.template_store import TemplateStore
 from wled_controller.storage.picture_source_store import PictureSourceStore
 from wled_controller.storage.picture_source import ScreenCapturePictureSource
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ async def list_templates(
                 name=t.name,
                 engine_type=t.engine_type,
                 engine_config=t.engine_config,
-                tags=getattr(t, 'tags', []),
+                tags=t.tags,
                 created_at=t.created_at,
                 updated_at=t.updated_at,
                 description=t.description,
@@ -104,12 +105,16 @@ async def create_template(
             name=template.name,
             engine_type=template.engine_type,
             engine_config=template.engine_config,
-            tags=getattr(template, 'tags', []),
+            tags=template.tags,
             created_at=template.created_at,
             updated_at=template.updated_at,
             description=template.description,
         )
 
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -134,7 +139,7 @@ async def get_template(
         name=template.name,
         engine_type=template.engine_type,
         engine_config=template.engine_config,
-        tags=getattr(template, 'tags', []),
+        tags=template.tags,
         created_at=template.created_at,
         updated_at=template.updated_at,
         description=template.description,
@@ -165,12 +170,16 @@ async def update_template(
             name=template.name,
             engine_type=template.engine_type,
             engine_config=template.engine_config,
-            tags=getattr(template, 'tags', []),
+            tags=template.tags,
             created_at=template.created_at,
             updated_at=template.updated_at,
             description=template.description,
         )
 
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -210,6 +219,9 @@ async def delete_template(
 
     except HTTPException:
         raise  # Re-raise HTTP exceptions as-is
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except Exception as e:
@@ -359,6 +371,10 @@ def test_template(
             ),
         )
 
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
     except RuntimeError as e:

server/src/wled_controller/api/routes/value_sources.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ from wled_controller.storage.value_source_store import ValueSourceStore
 from wled_controller.storage.output_target_store import OutputTargetStore
 from wled_controller.core.processing.processor_manager import ProcessorManager
 from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
+from wled_controller.storage.base_store import EntityNotFoundError
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
@@ -105,6 +106,9 @@ async def create_value_source(
         )
         fire_entity_event("value_source", "created", source.id)
         return _to_response(source)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -158,6 +162,9 @@ async def update_value_source(
         pm.update_value_source(source_id)
         fire_entity_event("value_source", "updated", source_id)
         return _to_response(source)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 
@@ -182,6 +189,9 @@ async def delete_value_source(
 
         store.delete_source(source_id)
         fire_entity_event("value_source", "deleted", source_id)
+    except EntityNotFoundError as e:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(e))
+
     except ValueError as e:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail=str(e))
 

server/src/wled_controller/api/schemas/color_strip_sources.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Dict, List, Literal, Optional
 
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, model_validator
 
 from wled_controller.api.schemas.devices import Calibration
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class CompositeLayer(BaseModel):
     """A single layer in a composite color strip source."""
 
     source_id: str = Field(description="ID of the layer's color strip source")
-    blend_mode: str = Field(default="normal", description="Blend mode: normal|add|multiply|screen")
+    blend_mode: str = Field(default="normal", description="Blend mode: normal|add|multiply|screen|override")
     opacity: float = Field(default=1.0, ge=0.0, le=1.0, description="Layer opacity 0.0-1.0")
     enabled: bool = Field(default=True, description="Whether this layer is active")
     brightness_source_id: Optional[str] = Field(None, description="Optional value source ID for dynamic brightness")
@@ -237,10 +237,52 @@ class ColorStripSourceListResponse(BaseModel):
     count: int = Field(description="Number of sources")
 
 
-class ColorPushRequest(BaseModel):
-    """Request to push raw LED colors to an api_input source."""
+class SegmentPayload(BaseModel):
+    """A single segment for segment-based LED color updates."""
 
-    colors: List[List[int]] = Field(description="LED color array [[R,G,B], ...] (0-255 each)")
+    start: int = Field(ge=0, description="Starting LED index")
+    length: int = Field(ge=1, description="Number of LEDs in segment")
+    mode: Literal["solid", "per_pixel", "gradient"] = Field(description="Fill mode")
+    color: Optional[List[int]] = Field(None, description="RGB for solid mode [R,G,B]")
+    colors: Optional[List[List[int]]] = Field(None, description="Colors for per_pixel/gradient [[R,G,B],...]")
+
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def _validate_mode_fields(self) -> "SegmentPayload":
+        if self.mode == "solid":
+            if self.color is None or len(self.color) != 3:
+                raise ValueError("solid mode requires 'color' as a list of 3 ints [R,G,B]")
+            if not all(0 <= c <= 255 for c in self.color):
+                raise ValueError("solid color values must be 0-255")
+        elif self.mode == "per_pixel":
+            if not self.colors:
+                raise ValueError("per_pixel mode requires non-empty 'colors' list")
+            for c in self.colors:
+                if len(c) != 3:
+                    raise ValueError("each color in per_pixel must be [R,G,B]")
+        elif self.mode == "gradient":
+            if not self.colors or len(self.colors) < 2:
+                raise ValueError("gradient mode requires 'colors' with at least 2 stops")
+            for c in self.colors:
+                if len(c) != 3:
+                    raise ValueError("each color stop in gradient must be [R,G,B]")
+        return self
+
+
+class ColorPushRequest(BaseModel):
+    """Request to push raw LED colors to an api_input source.
+
+    Accepts either 'colors' (legacy flat array) or 'segments' (new segment-based).
+    At least one must be provided.
+    """
+
+    colors: Optional[List[List[int]]] = Field(None, description="LED color array [[R,G,B], ...] (0-255 each)")
+    segments: Optional[List[SegmentPayload]] = Field(None, description="Segment-based color updates")
+
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def _require_colors_or_segments(self) -> "ColorPushRequest":
+        if self.colors is None and self.segments is None:
+            raise ValueError("Either 'colors' or 'segments' must be provided")
+        return self
 
 
 class NotifyRequest(BaseModel):

server/src/wled_controller/api/schemas/system.py

@@ -143,6 +143,20 @@ class MQTTSettingsRequest(BaseModel):
     base_topic: str = Field(default="ledgrab", description="Base topic prefix")
 
 
+# ─── External URL schema ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+class ExternalUrlResponse(BaseModel):
+    """External URL setting response."""
+
+    external_url: str = Field(description="External base URL (e.g. https://myserver.example.com:8080). Empty = use auto-detected URL.")
+
+
+class ExternalUrlRequest(BaseModel):
+    """External URL setting update request."""
+
+    external_url: str = Field(default="", description="External base URL. Empty string to clear.")
+
+
 # ─── Log level schemas ─────────────────────────────────────────
 
 class LogLevelResponse(BaseModel):

server/src/wled_controller/config.py

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class Config(BaseSettings):
         if not config_path.exists():
             raise FileNotFoundError(f"Configuration file not found: {config_path}")
 
-        with open(config_path, "r") as f:
+        with open(config_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
             config_data = yaml.safe_load(f)
 
         return cls(**config_data)

server/src/wled_controller/core/automations/automation_engine.py

@@ -398,8 +398,8 @@ class AutomationEngine:
                 "automation_id": automation_id,
                 "action": action,
             })
-        except Exception:
-            pass
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error("Automation action failed: %s", e, exc_info=True)
 
     # ===== Public query methods (used by API) =====
 

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/adalight_client.py

@@ -168,9 +168,7 @@ class AdalightClient(LEDClient):
         else:
             arr = np.array(pixels, dtype=np.uint16)
 
-        if brightness < 255:
-            arr = arr * brightness // 255
-
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
         np.clip(arr, 0, 255, out=arr)
         rgb_bytes = arr.astype(np.uint8).tobytes()
         return self._header + rgb_bytes

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/ambiled_client.py

@@ -40,9 +40,7 @@ class AmbiLEDClient(AdalightClient):
         else:
             arr = np.array(pixels, dtype=np.uint16)
 
-        if brightness < 255:
-            arr = arr * brightness // 255
-
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
         # Clamp to 0–250: values >250 are command bytes in AmbiLED protocol
         np.clip(arr, 0, 250, out=arr)
         rgb_bytes = arr.astype(np.uint8).tobytes()

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/chroma_client.py

@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class ChromaClient(LEDClient):
         else:
             pixel_arr = np.array(pixels, dtype=np.uint8)
 
-        bri_scale = brightness / 255.0
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
         device_info = CHROMA_DEVICES.get(self._chroma_device_type)
         if not device_info:
             return False
@@ -156,10 +156,7 @@ class ChromaClient(LEDClient):
         # Chroma uses BGR packed as 0x00BBGGRR integers
         colors = []
         for i in range(n):
-            r, g, b = pixel_arr[i]
-            r = int(r * bri_scale)
-            g = int(g * bri_scale)
-            b = int(b * bri_scale)
+            r, g, b = int(pixel_arr[i][0]), int(pixel_arr[i][1]), int(pixel_arr[i][2])
             colors.append(r | (g << 8) | (b << 16))
 
         # Pad to max_leds if needed

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/espnow_client.py

@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ class ESPNowClient(LEDClient):
         else:
             pixel_bytes = bytes(c for rgb in pixels for c in rgb)
 
-        frame = _build_frame(self._peer_mac, pixel_bytes, brightness)
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop; pass 255 to firmware
+        frame = _build_frame(self._peer_mac, pixel_bytes, 255)
         try:
             self._serial.write(frame)
         except Exception as e:

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/gamesense_client.py

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class GameSenseClient(LEDClient):
         else:
             pixel_arr = np.array(pixels, dtype=np.uint8)
 
-        bri_scale = brightness / 255.0
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
 
         # Use average color for single-zone devices, or first N for multi-zone
         if len(pixel_arr) == 0:
@@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ class GameSenseClient(LEDClient):
 
         # Compute average color for the zone
         avg = pixel_arr.mean(axis=0)
-        r = int(avg[0] * bri_scale)
-        g = int(avg[1] * bri_scale)
-        b = int(avg[2] * bri_scale)
+        r = int(avg[0])
+        g = int(avg[1])
+        b = int(avg[2])
 
         event_data = {
             "game": GAME_NAME,

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/hue_client.py

@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ def _build_entertainment_frame(
     header[15] = 0x00  # reserved
 
     # Light data
-    bri_scale = brightness / 255.0
+    # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
     data = bytearray()
     for idx, (r, g, b) in enumerate(lights):
         light_id = idx  # 0-based light index in entertainment group
-        r16 = int(r * bri_scale * 257)  # scale 0-255 to 0-65535
-        g16 = int(g * bri_scale * 257)
-        b16 = int(b * bri_scale * 257)
+        r16 = int(r * 257)  # scale 0-255 to 0-65535
+        g16 = int(g * 257)
+        b16 = int(b * 257)
         data += struct.pack(">BHHH", light_id, r16, g16, b16)
 
     return bytes(header) + bytes(data)

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/openrgb_client.py

@@ -302,9 +302,7 @@ class OpenRGBLEDClient(LEDClient):
                 return
         self._last_sent_pixels = pixel_array.copy()
 
-        # Apply brightness scaling after dedup
-        if brightness < 255:
-            pixel_array = (pixel_array.astype(np.uint16) * brightness >> 8).astype(np.uint8)
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
 
         # Separate mode: resample full pixel array independently per zone
         if self._zone_mode == "separate" and len(self._target_zones) > 1:

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/spi_client.py

@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class SPIClient(LEDClient):
         if not self._connected:
             return
 
-        bri_scale = brightness / 255.0
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
 
         if isinstance(pixels, np.ndarray):
             pixel_arr = pixels
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ class SPIClient(LEDClient):
             except ImportError:
                 return
 
-            self._strip.setBrightness(brightness)
+            self._strip.setBrightness(255)
             for i in range(min(len(pixel_arr), self._led_count)):
                 r, g, b = pixel_arr[i]
                 self._strip.setPixelColor(i, Color(int(r), int(g), int(b)))
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class SPIClient(LEDClient):
         elif self._spi:
             # SPI bitbang path: convert RGB to WS2812 wire format
             # Each bit is encoded as 3 SPI bits: 1=110, 0=100
-            scaled = (pixel_arr[:self._led_count].astype(np.float32) * bri_scale).astype(np.uint8)
+            scaled = pixel_arr[:self._led_count]
             # GRB order for WS2812
             grb = scaled[:, [1, 0, 2]]
             raw_bytes = grb.tobytes()

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/usbhid_client.py

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class USBHIDClient(LEDClient):
         else:
             pixel_list = list(pixels)
 
-        bri_scale = brightness / 255.0
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
 
         # Build HID reports — split across multiple reports if needed
         # Each report: [REPORT_ID][CMD][OFFSET_LO][OFFSET_HI][COUNT][R G B R G B ...]
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ class USBHIDClient(LEDClient):
 
             for i, (r, g, b) in enumerate(chunk):
                 base = 5 + i * 3
-                report[base] = int(r * bri_scale)
-                report[base + 1] = int(g * bri_scale)
-                report[base + 2] = int(b * bri_scale)
+                report[base] = int(r)
+                report[base + 1] = int(g)
+                report[base + 2] = int(b)
 
             reports.append(bytes(report))
             offset += len(chunk)

server/src/wled_controller/core/devices/wled_client.py

@@ -378,9 +378,7 @@ class WLEDClient(LEDClient):
             True if successful
         """
         try:
-            if brightness < 255:
-                pixels = (pixels.astype(np.uint16) * brightness >> 8).astype(np.uint8)
-
+            # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
             logger.debug(f"Sending {len(pixels)} LEDs via DDP")
             self._ddp_client.send_pixels_numpy(pixels)
             logger.debug(f"Successfully sent pixel colors via DDP")
@@ -419,7 +417,7 @@ class WLEDClient(LEDClient):
             # Build WLED JSON state
             payload = {
                 "on": True,
-                "bri": int(brightness),
+                "bri": 255,  # brightness already applied by processor loop
                 "seg": [
                     {
                         "id": segment_id,
@@ -461,9 +459,7 @@ class WLEDClient(LEDClient):
         else:
             pixel_array = np.array(pixels, dtype=np.uint8)
 
-        if brightness < 255:
-            pixel_array = (pixel_array.astype(np.uint16) * brightness >> 8).astype(np.uint8)
-
+        # Note: brightness already applied by processor loop (_cached_brightness)
         self._ddp_client.send_pixels_numpy(pixel_array)
 
     # ===== LEDClient abstraction methods =====

server/src/wled_controller/core/processing/api_input_stream.py

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ External clients push [R,G,B] arrays via REST POST or WebSocket. The stream
 buffers the latest frame and serves it to targets. When no data has been
 received within `timeout` seconds, LEDs revert to `fallback_color`.
 
-Thread-safe: push_colors() can be called from any thread (REST handler,
-WebSocket handler) while get_latest_colors() is called from the target
-processor thread.
+Thread-safe: push_colors() / push_segments() can be called from any thread
+(REST handler, WebSocket handler) while get_latest_colors() is called from
+the target processor thread.
 """
 
 import threading
@@ -20,13 +20,16 @@ from wled_controller.utils import get_logger
 
 logger = get_logger(__name__)
 
+_DEFAULT_LED_COUNT = 150
+
 
 class ApiInputColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
     """Color strip stream backed by externally-pushed LED color data.
 
     Holds a thread-safe np.ndarray buffer. External clients push colors via
-    push_colors(). A background thread checks for timeout and reverts to
-    fallback_color when no data arrives within the configured timeout window.
+    push_colors() or push_segments(). A background thread checks for timeout
+    and reverts to fallback_color when no data arrives within the configured
+    timeout window.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, source):
@@ -43,14 +46,14 @@ class ApiInputColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
         fallback = source.fallback_color
         self._fallback_color = fallback if isinstance(fallback, list) and len(fallback) == 3 else [0, 0, 0]
         self._timeout = max(0.0, source.timeout if source.timeout else 5.0)
-        self._auto_size = not source.led_count
-        self._led_count = source.led_count if source.led_count and source.led_count > 0 else 1
+        self._led_count = _DEFAULT_LED_COUNT
 
         # Build initial fallback buffer
         self._fallback_array = self._build_fallback(self._led_count)
         self._colors = self._fallback_array.copy()
         self._last_push_time: float = 0.0
         self._timed_out = True  # Start in timed-out state
+        self._push_generation: int = 0  # Incremented on each push; used by test WS
 
     def _build_fallback(self, led_count: int) -> np.ndarray:
         """Build a (led_count, 3) uint8 array filled with fallback_color."""
@@ -59,40 +62,128 @@ class ApiInputColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
             (led_count, 1),
         )
 
+    def _ensure_capacity(self, required: int) -> None:
+        """Grow the buffer to at least `required` LEDs (must be called under lock)."""
+        if required > self._led_count:
+            self._led_count = required
+            self._fallback_array = self._build_fallback(self._led_count)
+            # Preserve existing data if not timed out
+            if not self._timed_out:
+                new_buf = self._fallback_array.copy()
+                old_len = min(len(self._colors), required)
+                new_buf[:old_len] = self._colors[:old_len]
+                self._colors = new_buf
+            else:
+                self._colors = self._fallback_array.copy()
+            logger.debug(f"ApiInputColorStripStream buffer grown to {required} LEDs")
+
     def push_colors(self, colors: np.ndarray) -> None:
         """Push a new frame of LED colors.
 
-        Thread-safe. The array is truncated or zero-padded to match led_count.
+        Thread-safe. Auto-grows the buffer if the incoming array is larger
+        than the current buffer; otherwise truncates or zero-pads.
 
         Args:
             colors: np.ndarray shape (N, 3) uint8
         """
         with self._lock:
             n = len(colors)
+            # Auto-grow if incoming data is larger
+            if n > self._led_count:
+                self._ensure_capacity(n)
             if n == self._led_count:
-                self._colors = colors.astype(np.uint8)
-            elif n > self._led_count:
-                self._colors = colors[:self._led_count].astype(np.uint8)
+                if self._colors.shape == colors.shape:
+                    np.copyto(self._colors, colors, casting='unsafe')
                 else:
+                    self._colors = np.empty((n, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+                    np.copyto(self._colors, colors, casting='unsafe')
+            elif n < self._led_count:
                 # Zero-pad to led_count
                 padded = np.zeros((self._led_count, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
                 padded[:n] = colors[:n]
                 self._colors = padded
             self._last_push_time = time.monotonic()
+            self._push_generation += 1
+            self._timed_out = False
+
+    def push_segments(self, segments: list) -> None:
+        """Apply segment-based color updates to the buffer.
+
+        Each segment defines a range and fill mode. Segments are applied in
+        order (last wins on overlap). The buffer is auto-grown if needed.
+
+        Args:
+            segments: list of dicts with keys:
+                start  (int)  – starting LED index
+                length (int)  – number of LEDs in segment
+                mode   (str)  – "solid" | "per_pixel" | "gradient"
+                color  (list) – [R,G,B] for solid mode
+                colors (list) – [[R,G,B], ...] for per_pixel/gradient
+        """
+        # Compute required buffer size from all segments
+        max_index = max(seg["start"] + seg["length"] for seg in segments)
+
+        with self._lock:
+            # Auto-grow buffer if needed
+            if max_index > self._led_count:
+                self._ensure_capacity(max_index)
+
+            # Start from current buffer (or fallback if timed out)
+            if self._timed_out:
+                buf = self._fallback_array.copy()
+            else:
+                buf = self._colors.copy()
+
+            for seg in segments:
+                start = seg["start"]
+                length = seg["length"]
+                mode = seg["mode"]
+                end = start + length
+
+                if mode == "solid":
+                    color = np.array(seg["color"], dtype=np.uint8)
+                    buf[start:end] = color
+
+                elif mode == "per_pixel":
+                    colors = np.array(seg["colors"], dtype=np.uint8)
+                    available = len(colors)
+                    if available >= length:
+                        buf[start:end] = colors[:length]
+                    else:
+                        # Pad with zeros if fewer colors than length
+                        buf[start:start + available] = colors
+                        buf[start + available:end] = 0
+
+                elif mode == "gradient":
+                    stops = np.array(seg["colors"], dtype=np.float32)
+                    num_stops = len(stops)
+                    # Positions of stops evenly spaced 0..length-1
+                    stop_positions = np.linspace(0, length - 1, num_stops)
+                    pixel_positions = np.arange(length, dtype=np.float32)
+                    for ch in range(3):
+                        buf[start:end, ch] = np.interp(
+                            pixel_positions,
+                            stop_positions,
+                            stops[:, ch],
+                        ).astype(np.uint8)
+
+            self._colors = buf
+            self._last_push_time = time.monotonic()
+            self._push_generation += 1
             self._timed_out = False
 
     def configure(self, device_led_count: int) -> None:
         """Set LED count from the target device (called on target start).
 
-        Only takes effect when led_count was 0 (auto-size).
+        Always resizes the buffer to the device LED count.
         """
-        if self._auto_size and device_led_count > 0 and device_led_count != self._led_count:
+        if device_led_count > 0 and device_led_count != self._led_count:
             with self._lock:
                 self._led_count = device_led_count
                 self._fallback_array = self._build_fallback(device_led_count)
                 self._colors = self._fallback_array.copy()
                 self._timed_out = True
-            logger.debug(f"ApiInputColorStripStream auto-sized to {device_led_count} LEDs")
+            logger.debug(f"ApiInputColorStripStream configured to {device_led_count} LEDs")
 
     @property
     def target_fps(self) -> int:
@@ -131,6 +222,11 @@ class ApiInputColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
         with self._lock:
             return self._colors
 
+    @property
+    def push_generation(self) -> int:
+        """Monotonically increasing counter, bumped on each push_colors/push_segments."""
+        return self._push_generation
+
     def update_source(self, source) -> None:
         """Hot-update fallback_color and timeout from updated source config."""
         from wled_controller.storage.color_strip_source import ApiInputColorStripSource
@@ -138,15 +234,6 @@ class ApiInputColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
             fallback = source.fallback_color
             self._fallback_color = fallback if isinstance(fallback, list) and len(fallback) == 3 else [0, 0, 0]
             self._timeout = max(0.0, source.timeout if source.timeout else 5.0)
-            prev_led_count = self._led_count if self._auto_size else None
-            self._auto_size = not source.led_count
-            with self._lock:
-                self._fallback_array = self._build_fallback(self._led_count)
-                if self._timed_out:
-                    self._colors = self._fallback_array.copy()
-            # Preserve runtime LED count across updates if auto-sized
-            if prev_led_count and self._auto_size:
-                self._led_count = prev_led_count
             with self._lock:
                 self._fallback_array = self._build_fallback(self._led_count)
                 if self._timed_out:

server/src/wled_controller/core/processing/composite_stream.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ _BLEND_NORMAL = "normal"
 _BLEND_ADD = "add"
 _BLEND_MULTIPLY = "multiply"
 _BLEND_SCREEN = "screen"
+_BLEND_OVERRIDE = "override"
 
 
 class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
@@ -47,12 +48,22 @@ class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
         self._latest_colors: Optional[np.ndarray] = None
         self._latest_layer_colors: Optional[List[np.ndarray]] = None
         self._colors_lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._need_layer_snapshots: bool = False  # set True when get_layer_colors() is called
 
         # layer_index -> (source_id, consumer_id, stream)
         self._sub_streams: Dict[int, tuple] = {}
         # layer_index -> (vs_id, value_stream)
         self._brightness_streams: Dict[int, tuple] = {}
         self._sub_lock = threading.Lock()  # guards _sub_streams and _brightness_streams
+        self._sub_streams_version: int = 0  # bumped when _sub_streams changes
+        self._sub_snapshot_version: int = -1  # version of cached snapshot
+        self._sub_snapshot_cache: Dict[int, tuple] = {}  # cached dict(self._sub_streams)
+
+        # Pre-resolved blend methods: blend_mode_str -> bound method
+        self._blend_methods = {
+            k: getattr(self, v) for k, v in self._BLEND_DISPATCH.items()
+        }
+        self._default_blend_method = self._blend_normal
 
         # Pre-allocated scratch (rebuilt when LED count changes)
         self._pool_n = 0
@@ -110,6 +121,7 @@ class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
 
     def get_layer_colors(self) -> Optional[List[np.ndarray]]:
         """Return per-layer color snapshots (after resize/brightness, before blending)."""
+        self._need_layer_snapshots = True
         with self._colors_lock:
             return self._latest_layer_colors
 
@@ -164,6 +176,7 @@ class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
     # ── Sub-stream lifecycle ────────────────────────────────────
 
     def _acquire_sub_streams(self) -> None:
+        self._sub_streams_version += 1
         for i, layer in enumerate(self._layers):
             if not layer.get("enabled", True):
                 continue
@@ -192,6 +205,7 @@ class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
                     )
 
     def _release_sub_streams(self) -> None:
+        self._sub_streams_version += 1
         for _idx, (src_id, consumer_id, _stream) in list(self._sub_streams.items()):
             try:
                 self._css_manager.release(src_id, consumer_id)
@@ -300,11 +314,34 @@ class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
         u16a >>= 8
         np.copyto(out, u16a, casting="unsafe")
 
+    def _blend_override(self, bottom: np.ndarray, top: np.ndarray, alpha: int,
+                        out: np.ndarray) -> None:
+        """Override blend: per-pixel alpha derived from top brightness.
+
+        Black pixels are fully transparent (bottom shows through),
+        bright pixels fully opaque (top replaces bottom). Layer opacity
+        scales the per-pixel alpha.
+        """
+        u16a, u16b = self._u16_a, self._u16_b
+        # Per-pixel brightness = max(R, G, B) for each LED
+        per_px_alpha = np.max(top, axis=1, keepdims=True).astype(np.uint16)
+        # Scale by layer opacity
+        per_px_alpha = (per_px_alpha * alpha) >> 8
+        # Lerp: out = (bottom * (256 - per_px_alpha) + top * per_px_alpha) >> 8
+        np.copyto(u16a, bottom, casting="unsafe")
+        np.copyto(u16b, top, casting="unsafe")
+        u16a *= (256 - per_px_alpha)
+        u16b *= per_px_alpha
+        u16a += u16b
+        u16a >>= 8
+        np.copyto(out, u16a, casting="unsafe")
+
     _BLEND_DISPATCH = {
         _BLEND_NORMAL: "_blend_normal",
         _BLEND_ADD: "_blend_add",
         _BLEND_MULTIPLY: "_blend_multiply",
         _BLEND_SCREEN: "_blend_screen",
+        _BLEND_OVERRIDE: "_blend_override",
     }
 
     # ── Processing loop ─────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -332,7 +369,10 @@ class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
                     layer_snapshots: List[np.ndarray] = []
 
                     with self._sub_lock:
-                        sub_snapshot = dict(self._sub_streams)
+                        if self._sub_streams_version != self._sub_snapshot_version:
+                            self._sub_snapshot_cache = dict(self._sub_streams)
+                            self._sub_snapshot_version = self._sub_streams_version
+                        sub_snapshot = self._sub_snapshot_cache
 
                     for i, layer in enumerate(self._layers):
                         if not layer.get("enabled", True):
@@ -388,6 +428,7 @@ class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
                                 colors = (colors.astype(np.uint16) * int(bri * 256) >> 8).astype(np.uint8)
 
                         # Snapshot layer colors before blending (copy — may alias shared buf)
+                        if self._need_layer_snapshots:
                             layer_snapshots.append(colors.copy())
 
                         opacity = layer.get("opacity", 1.0)
@@ -401,11 +442,11 @@ class CompositeColorStripStream(ColorStripStream):
                                 result_buf[:] = colors
                             else:
                                 result_buf[:] = 0
-                                blend_fn = getattr(self, self._BLEND_DISPATCH.get(blend_mode, "_blend_normal"))
+                                blend_fn = self._blend_methods.get(blend_mode, self._default_blend_method)
                                 blend_fn(result_buf, colors, alpha, result_buf)
                             has_result = True
                         else:
-                            blend_fn = getattr(self, self._BLEND_DISPATCH.get(blend_mode, "_blend_normal"))
+                            blend_fn = self._blend_methods.get(blend_mode, self._default_blend_method)
                             blend_fn(result_buf, colors, alpha, result_buf)
 
                     if has_result:

server/src/wled_controller/core/processing/metrics_history.py

@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ class MetricsHistory:
         # Per-target metrics from processor states
         try:
             all_states = self._manager.get_all_target_states()
-        except Exception:
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error("Failed to get target states: %s", e)
             all_states = {}
 
         now = datetime.now(timezone.utc).isoformat()

server/src/wled_controller/core/processing/target_processor.py

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class ProcessingMetrics:
     errors_count: int = 0
     last_error: Optional[str] = None
     last_update: Optional[datetime] = None
+    last_update_mono: float = 0.0  # monotonic timestamp for hot-path; lazily converted to last_update on read
     start_time: Optional[datetime] = None
     fps_actual: float = 0.0
     fps_potential: float = 0.0

server/src/wled_controller/core/processing/value_stream.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import math
 import time
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple
 
@@ -43,12 +44,13 @@ logger = get_logger(__name__)
 # Base class
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-class ValueStream:
+class ValueStream(ABC):
     """Abstract base for runtime value streams."""
 
+    @abstractmethod
     def get_value(self) -> float:
         """Return current scalar value (0.0–1.0)."""
-        return 1.0
+        ...
 
     def start(self) -> None:
         """Acquire resources (if any)."""

server/src/wled_controller/core/processing/wled_target_processor.py

@@ -382,6 +382,14 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
         else:
             total_ms = None
 
+        # Lazily convert monotonic timestamp to UTC datetime for API
+        last_update = metrics.last_update
+        if metrics.last_update_mono > 0:
+            elapsed = time.monotonic() - metrics.last_update_mono
+            last_update = datetime.now(timezone.utc) if elapsed < 1.0 else datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                time.time() - elapsed, tz=timezone.utc
+            )
+
         return {
             "target_id": self._target_id,
             "device_id": self._device_id,
@@ -405,7 +413,7 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
             "display_index": self._resolved_display_index,
             "overlay_active": self._overlay_active,
             "needs_keepalive": self._needs_keepalive,
-            "last_update": metrics.last_update,
+            "last_update": last_update,
             "errors": [metrics.last_error] if metrics.last_error else [],
             "device_streaming_reachable": self._device_reachable if self._is_running else None,
             "fps_effective": self._effective_fps if self._is_running else None,
@@ -419,6 +427,14 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
         if metrics.start_time and self._is_running:
             uptime_seconds = (datetime.now(timezone.utc) - metrics.start_time).total_seconds()
 
+        # Lazily convert monotonic timestamp to UTC datetime for API
+        last_update = metrics.last_update
+        if metrics.last_update_mono > 0:
+            elapsed = time.monotonic() - metrics.last_update_mono
+            last_update = datetime.now(timezone.utc) if elapsed < 1.0 else datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                time.time() - elapsed, tz=timezone.utc
+            )
+
         return {
             "target_id": self._target_id,
             "device_id": self._device_id,
@@ -429,7 +445,7 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
             "frames_processed": metrics.frames_processed,
             "errors_count": metrics.errors_count,
             "last_error": metrics.last_error,
-            "last_update": metrics.last_update,
+            "last_update": last_update,
         }
 
     # ----- Overlay -----
@@ -578,7 +594,14 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
         keepalive_interval = self._keepalive_interval
 
         fps_samples: collections.deque = collections.deque(maxlen=10)
-        send_timestamps: collections.deque = collections.deque()
+        _fps_sum = 0.0
+        send_timestamps: collections.deque = collections.deque(maxlen=self._target_fps + 10)
+
+        def _fps_current_from_timestamps():
+            """Count timestamps within the last second."""
+            cutoff = time.perf_counter() - 1.0
+            return sum(1 for ts in send_timestamps if ts > cutoff)
+
         last_send_time = 0.0
         _last_preview_broadcast = 0.0
         prev_frame_time_stamp = time.perf_counter()
@@ -728,7 +751,7 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
                         has_any_frame = False
 
                     _diag_device_info_age += 1
-                    if _diag_device_info is None or _diag_device_info_age >= 30:
+                    if _diag_device_info is None or _diag_device_info_age >= 300:
                         _diag_device_info = self._ctx.get_device_info(self._device_id)
                         _diag_device_info_age = 0
                     device_info = _diag_device_info
@@ -822,9 +845,7 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
                                 send_timestamps.append(now)
                                 self._metrics.frames_keepalive += 1
                             self._metrics.frames_skipped += 1
-                            while send_timestamps and send_timestamps[0] < loop_start - 1.0:
-                                send_timestamps.popleft()
-                            self._metrics.fps_current = len(send_timestamps)
+                            self._metrics.fps_current = _fps_current_from_timestamps()
                             await asyncio.sleep(SKIP_REPOLL)
                             continue
 
@@ -849,9 +870,7 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
                                     await self._broadcast_led_preview(send_colors, cur_brightness)
                                     _last_preview_broadcast = now
                             self._metrics.frames_skipped += 1
-                            while send_timestamps and send_timestamps[0] < now - 1.0:
-                                send_timestamps.popleft()
-                            self._metrics.fps_current = len(send_timestamps)
+                            self._metrics.fps_current = _fps_current_from_timestamps()
                             is_animated = stream.is_animated
                             repoll = SKIP_REPOLL if is_animated else frame_time
                             await asyncio.sleep(repoll)
@@ -888,7 +907,7 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
 
                         self._metrics.timing_send_ms = send_ms
                         self._metrics.frames_processed += 1
-                        self._metrics.last_update = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
+                        self._metrics.last_update_mono = time.monotonic()
 
                         if self._metrics.frames_processed <= 3 or self._metrics.frames_processed % 100 == 0:
                             logger.info(
@@ -900,15 +919,17 @@ class WledTargetProcessor(TargetProcessor):
                         interval = now - prev_frame_time_stamp
                         prev_frame_time_stamp = now
                         if self._metrics.frames_processed > 1:
-                            fps_samples.append(1.0 / interval if interval > 0 else 0)
-                            self._metrics.fps_actual = sum(fps_samples) / len(fps_samples)
+                            new_fps = 1.0 / interval if interval > 0 else 0
+                            if len(fps_samples) == fps_samples.maxlen:
+                                _fps_sum -= fps_samples[0]
+                            fps_samples.append(new_fps)
+                            _fps_sum += new_fps
+                            self._metrics.fps_actual = _fps_sum / len(fps_samples)
 
                         processing_time = now - loop_start
                         self._metrics.fps_potential = 1.0 / processing_time if processing_time > 0 else 0
 
-                        while send_timestamps and send_timestamps[0] < now - 1.0:
-                            send_timestamps.popleft()
-                        self._metrics.fps_current = len(send_timestamps)
+                        self._metrics.fps_current = _fps_current_from_timestamps()
 
                     except Exception as e:
                         self._metrics.errors_count += 1

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/automations.css

@@ -27,9 +27,18 @@
     padding: 0 4px;
 }
 
-/* Automation condition pills need more room than the default 180px */
+/* Automation condition pills — constrain to card width */
+[data-automation-id] .card-meta {
+    display: flex;
+    flex-wrap: wrap;
+    gap: 4px;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
 [data-automation-id] .stream-card-prop {
-    max-width: 280px;
+    max-width: 100%;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    text-overflow: ellipsis;
+    white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
 /* Automation condition editor rows */

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/base.css

@@ -12,11 +12,47 @@
     --warning-color: #ff9800;
     --info-color: #2196F3;
     --font-mono: 'Cascadia Code', 'Fira Code', 'JetBrains Mono', 'SF Mono', 'Consolas', 'Liberation Mono', monospace;
+
+    /* Spacing scale */
+    --space-xs: 4px;
+    --space-sm: 8px;
+    --space-md: 12px;
+    --space-lg: 20px;
+    --space-xl: 40px;
+
+    /* Border radius */
     --radius: 8px;
     --radius-sm: 4px;
     --radius-md: 8px;
     --radius-lg: 12px;
     --radius-pill: 100px;
+
+    /* Animation timing */
+    --duration-fast: 0.15s;
+    --duration-normal: 0.25s;
+    --duration-slow: 0.4s;
+    --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
+    --ease-spring: cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
+
+    /* Font weights */
+    --weight-normal: 400;
+    --weight-medium: 500;
+    --weight-semibold: 600;
+    --weight-bold: 700;
+
+    /* Z-index layers */
+    --z-card-elevated: 10;
+    --z-sticky: 100;
+    --z-dropdown: 200;
+    --z-bulk-toolbar: 1000;
+    --z-modal: 2000;
+    --z-log-overlay: 2100;
+    --z-confirm: 2500;
+    --z-command-palette: 3000;
+    --z-toast: 3000;
+    --z-overlay-spinner: 9999;
+    --z-lightbox: 10000;
+    --z-connection: 10000;
 }
 
 /* ── SVG icon base ── */
@@ -59,8 +95,8 @@
     --card-bg: #ffffff;
     --text-color: #333333;
     --text-primary: #333333;
-    --text-secondary: #666;
-    --text-muted: #999;
+    --text-secondary: #595959;
+    --text-muted: #767676;
     --border-color: #e0e0e0;
     --display-badge-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
     --primary-text-color: #3d8b40;
@@ -81,6 +117,7 @@ html {
     background: var(--bg-color);
     overflow-y: scroll;
     scroll-behavior: smooth;
+    scrollbar-gutter: stable;
 }
 
 body {
@@ -90,9 +127,8 @@ body {
     line-height: 1.6;
 }
 
-body.modal-open {
-    position: fixed;
-    width: 100%;
+html.modal-open {
+    overflow: hidden; /* scrollbar-gutter: stable keeps the gutter reserved */
 }
 
 /* ── Ambient animated background ── */
@@ -186,7 +222,7 @@ body,
 .dashboard-target,
 .perf-chart-card,
 header {
-    transition: background-color 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease;
+    transition: background-color var(--duration-normal) ease, color var(--duration-normal) ease, border-color var(--duration-normal) ease;
 }
 
 /* ── Respect reduced motion preference ── */

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/cards.css

@@ -2,6 +2,59 @@ section {
     margin-bottom: 40px;
 }
 
+/* ── Skeleton loading placeholders ── */
+@keyframes skeletonPulse {
+    0%, 100% { opacity: 0.06; }
+    50%      { opacity: 0.12; }
+}
+
+.skeleton-card {
+    background: var(--card-bg);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
+    padding: 16px 20px 20px;
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    gap: 12px;
+    min-height: 140px;
+}
+
+.skeleton-line {
+    height: 14px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    background: var(--text-color);
+    animation: skeletonPulse 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
+.skeleton-line-title {
+    width: 60%;
+    height: 18px;
+}
+
+.skeleton-line-short {
+    width: 40%;
+}
+
+.skeleton-line-medium {
+    width: 75%;
+}
+
+.skeleton-actions {
+    display: flex;
+    gap: 8px;
+    margin-top: auto;
+    padding-top: 12px;
+    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+}
+
+.skeleton-btn {
+    height: 32px;
+    flex: 1;
+    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+    background: var(--text-color);
+    animation: skeletonPulse 1.5s ease-in-out infinite;
+}
+
 .displays-grid,
 .devices-grid {
     display: grid;
@@ -54,7 +107,7 @@ section {
     background: var(--card-bg);
     border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
     border-radius: var(--radius-md);
-    padding: 12px 20px 20px;
+    padding: 16px 20px 20px;
     position: relative;
     transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
     display: flex;
@@ -152,6 +205,17 @@ section {
     animation: rotateBorder 4s linear infinite;
 }
 
+/* Fallback for browsers without mask-composite support (older Firefox) */
+@supports not (mask-composite: exclude) {
+    .card-running::before {
+        -webkit-mask: none;
+        mask: none;
+        background: none;
+        border: 2px solid var(--primary-color);
+        opacity: 0.7;
+    }
+}
+
 @keyframes rotateBorder {
     to { --border-angle: 360deg; }
 }
@@ -267,8 +331,9 @@ body.cs-drag-active .card-drag-handle {
     opacity: 0 !important;
 }
 
-/* Hide drag handles when filter is active */
-.cs-filtering .card-drag-handle {
+/* Hide drag handles when filter is active or bulk selecting */
+.cs-filtering .card-drag-handle,
+.cs-selecting .card-drag-handle {
     display: none;
 }
 
@@ -1112,3 +1177,146 @@ ul.section-tip li {
 .led-preview-layers:hover .led-preview-layer-label {
     opacity: 1;
 }
+
+/* ── Bulk selection ────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+/* Toggle button in section header */
+.cs-bulk-toggle {
+    background: none;
+    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    color: var(--text-secondary);
+    font-size: 0.75rem;
+    width: 24px;
+    height: 24px;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    transition: color 0.2s, background 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.cs-bulk-toggle:hover {
+    border-color: var(--primary-color);
+    color: var(--primary-text-color);
+}
+
+.cs-bulk-toggle.active {
+    background: var(--primary-color);
+    border-color: var(--primary-color);
+    color: var(--primary-contrast, #fff);
+}
+
+/* Checkbox inside card — hidden unless selecting */
+.card-bulk-check {
+    display: none;
+    width: 16px;
+    height: 16px;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    accent-color: var(--primary-color);
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.cs-selecting .card-bulk-check {
+    display: block;
+}
+
+/* Selected card highlight */
+.cs-selecting .card-selected,
+.cs-selecting .card-selected.template-card {
+    border-color: var(--primary-color);
+    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px var(--primary-color), 0 4px 12px color-mix(in srgb, var(--primary-color) 15%, transparent);
+}
+
+/* Make cards visually clickable in selection mode */
+.cs-selecting .card,
+.cs-selecting .template-card {
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+/* Suppress hover lift during selection */
+.cs-selecting .card:hover,
+.cs-selecting .template-card:hover {
+    transform: none;
+}
+
+/* ── Bulk toolbar ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+#bulk-toolbar {
+    position: fixed;
+    bottom: 20px;
+    left: 50%;
+    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(calc(100% + 30px));
+    background: var(--card-bg);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    border-radius: var(--radius-md, 8px);
+    padding: 8px 16px;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 12px;
+    z-index: var(--z-bulk-toolbar);
+    box-shadow: 0 -4px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
+    transition: transform 0.25s ease;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+#bulk-toolbar.visible {
+    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(0);
+}
+
+.bulk-select-all-wrap {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.bulk-select-all-cb {
+    width: 16px;
+    height: 16px;
+    margin: 0;
+    accent-color: var(--primary-color);
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.bulk-count {
+    font-size: 0.85rem;
+    color: var(--text-secondary);
+    min-width: 80px;
+}
+
+.bulk-actions {
+    display: flex;
+    gap: 4px;
+}
+
+.bulk-action-btn {
+    width: 32px;
+    height: 32px;
+    padding: 0;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+}
+
+.bulk-action-btn .icon {
+    width: 16px;
+    height: 16px;
+}
+
+.bulk-close {
+    background: none;
+    border: none;
+    color: var(--text-muted);
+    font-size: 1rem;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    padding: 4px;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    transition: color 0.2s;
+    line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.bulk-close:hover {
+    color: var(--text-color);
+}

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/components.css

@@ -193,6 +193,21 @@ select:focus {
     box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(76, 175, 80, 0.15);
 }
 
+/* Inline validation states */
+input.field-invalid,
+select.field-invalid {
+    border-color: var(--danger-color);
+    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb, var(--danger-color) 15%, transparent);
+}
+
+.field-error-msg {
+    display: block;
+    color: var(--danger-color);
+    font-size: 0.78rem;
+    margin-top: 4px;
+    line-height: 1.3;
+}
+
 /* Remove browser autofill styling */
 input:-webkit-autofill,
 input:-webkit-autofill:hover,
@@ -260,7 +275,7 @@ input:-webkit-autofill:focus {
     flex-direction: column;
     align-items: center;
     justify-content: center;
-    z-index: 9999;
+    z-index: var(--z-overlay-spinner);
     backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
 }
 
@@ -353,7 +368,7 @@ input:-webkit-autofill:focus {
     font-size: 15px;
     opacity: 0;
     transition: opacity 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1);
-    z-index: 3000;
+    z-index: var(--z-toast);
     box-shadow: 0 4px 20px var(--shadow-color);
     min-width: 300px;
     text-align: center;
@@ -384,6 +399,52 @@ input:-webkit-autofill:focus {
     background: var(--info-color);
 }
 
+/* Toast with undo action */
+.toast-with-action {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.toast-message {
+    flex: 1;
+}
+
+.toast-undo-btn {
+    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
+    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
+    color: white;
+    padding: 4px 12px;
+    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
+    font-weight: var(--weight-semibold, 600);
+    font-size: 0.85rem;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    transition: background var(--duration-fast, 0.15s);
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.toast-undo-btn:hover {
+    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
+}
+
+.toast-timer {
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 3px;
+    position: absolute;
+    bottom: 0;
+    left: 0;
+    border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius-md) var(--radius-md);
+    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
+    transform-origin: left;
+    animation: toastTimer var(--toast-duration, 5s) linear forwards;
+}
+
+@keyframes toastTimer {
+    from { transform: scaleX(1); }
+    to   { transform: scaleX(0); }
+}
+
 /* ── Card Tags ──────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
 .card-tags {
@@ -604,7 +665,7 @@ textarea:focus-visible {
 
 .icon-select-popup {
     position: fixed;
-    z-index: 10000;
+    z-index: var(--z-lightbox);
     overflow: hidden;
     opacity: 0;
     transition: opacity 0.15s ease;
@@ -683,7 +744,7 @@ textarea:focus-visible {
 .type-picker-overlay {
     position: fixed;
     inset: 0;
-    z-index: 3000;
+    z-index: var(--z-command-palette);
     display: flex;
     justify-content: center;
     padding-top: 15vh;
@@ -758,7 +819,7 @@ textarea:focus-visible {
     display: none;
     position: fixed;
     inset: 0;
-    z-index: 10000;
+    z-index: var(--z-lightbox);
     background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
     justify-content: center;
     align-items: flex-start;

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/graph-editor.css

@@ -516,8 +516,10 @@ html:has(#tab-graph.active) {
     stroke-width: 2.5;
 }
 
-.graph-edge.dimmed {
+.graph-edge.dimmed,
+.graph-edge.dimmed.graph-edge-active {
     opacity: 0.12;
+    filter: none;
 }
 
 /* Nested edges (composite layers, zones) — not drag-editable */
@@ -1172,3 +1174,62 @@ html:has(#tab-graph.active) {
     background: var(--border-color);
     margin: 4px 0;
 }
+
+/* ── Node hover FPS tooltip ── */
+
+.graph-node-tooltip {
+    position: absolute;
+    z-index: 50;
+    background: var(--card-bg);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    border-radius: var(--radius-md, 6px);
+    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px var(--shadow-color, rgba(0,0,0,0.25));
+    padding: 8px 12px;
+    pointer-events: none;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    width: 200px;
+    color: var(--text-color);
+}
+
+.graph-node-tooltip .gnt-row {
+    display: flex;
+    justify-content: space-between;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 12px;
+    line-height: 1.6;
+}
+
+.graph-node-tooltip .gnt-label {
+    color: var(--text-muted);
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.graph-node-tooltip .gnt-value {
+    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+    font-weight: 500;
+    text-align: right;
+    min-width: 72px;
+    display: inline-block;
+    font-family: var(--font-mono, 'Consolas', 'Monaco', monospace);
+}
+
+.graph-node-tooltip .gnt-fps-row {
+    margin-top: 4px;
+    padding: 2px 0;
+    background: transparent;
+}
+
+.graph-node-tooltip.gnt-fade-in {
+    animation: gntFadeIn 0.15s ease-out forwards;
+}
+.graph-node-tooltip.gnt-fade-out {
+    animation: gntFadeOut 0.12s ease-in forwards;
+}
+@keyframes gntFadeIn {
+    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-4px); }
+    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
+}
+@keyframes gntFadeOut {
+    from { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
+    to   { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(4px); }
+}

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/layout.css

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ header {
     padding: 8px 20px;
     position: sticky;
     top: 0;
-    z-index: 100;
+    z-index: var(--z-sticky);
     background: var(--bg-color);
     border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);
 }
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ h2 {
 .connection-overlay {
     position: fixed;
     inset: 0;
-    z-index: 10000;
+    z-index: var(--z-connection);
     display: flex;
     align-items: center;
     justify-content: center;
@@ -177,6 +177,19 @@ h2 {
     animation: conn-spin 0.8s linear infinite;
 }
 
+/* Visually hidden — screen readers only */
+.sr-only {
+    position: absolute;
+    width: 1px;
+    height: 1px;
+    padding: 0;
+    margin: -1px;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    border: 0;
+}
+
 /* WLED device health indicator */
 .health-dot {
     display: inline-block;
@@ -448,7 +461,7 @@ h2 {
 #command-palette {
     position: fixed;
     inset: 0;
-    z-index: 3000;
+    z-index: var(--z-command-palette);
     display: flex;
     justify-content: center;
     padding-top: 15vh;

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/mobile.css

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
         bottom: 0;
         left: 0;
         right: 0;
-        z-index: 100;
+        z-index: var(--z-sticky);
         background: var(--card-bg);
         border-bottom: none;
         border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/modal.css

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     width: 100%;
     height: 100%;
     background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
-    z-index: 2000;
+    z-index: var(--z-modal);
     align-items: center;
     justify-content: center;
     animation: fadeIn 0.2s ease-out;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 /* Confirm dialog must stack above all other modals */
 #confirm-modal {
-    z-index: 2500;
+    z-index: var(--z-confirm);
 }
 
 /* Audio test spectrum canvas */
@@ -269,6 +269,8 @@
     font-size: 0.9em;
 }
 
+/* FPS chart for api_input test preview — reuses .target-fps-row from cards.css */
+
 /* Composite layers preview */
 .css-test-layers {
     display: flex;
@@ -346,7 +348,107 @@
     opacity: 1;
 }
 
-/* ── Log viewer ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+/* ── Settings modal tabs ───────────────────────────────────── */
+
+.settings-tab-bar {
+    display: flex;
+    gap: 0;
+    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);
+    padding: 0 1.25rem;
+}
+
+.settings-tab-btn {
+    background: none;
+    border: none;
+    padding: 8px 16px;
+    font-size: 0.9rem;
+    font-weight: 500;
+    color: var(--text-secondary);
+    cursor: pointer;
+    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
+    margin-bottom: -2px;
+    transition: color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.25s ease;
+}
+
+.settings-tab-btn:hover {
+    color: var(--text-color);
+}
+
+.settings-tab-btn.active {
+    color: var(--primary-text-color);
+    border-bottom-color: var(--primary-color);
+}
+
+.settings-panel {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+.settings-panel.active {
+    display: block;
+    animation: tabFadeIn 0.25s ease-out;
+}
+
+/* ── Log viewer overlay (full-screen) ──────────────────────── */
+
+.log-overlay {
+    position: fixed;
+    inset: 0;
+    z-index: var(--z-log-overlay);
+    display: flex;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    background: var(--bg-color, #111);
+    padding: 12px 16px;
+    animation: fadeIn 0.2s ease-out;
+}
+
+.log-overlay-close {
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 8px;
+    right: 12px;
+    background: none;
+    border: none;
+    color: var(--text-secondary);
+    font-size: 1.3rem;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    width: 32px;
+    height: 32px;
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    justify-content: center;
+    border-radius: 6px;
+    z-index: 1;
+    transition: color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
+}
+
+.log-overlay-close:hover {
+    color: var(--text-color);
+    background: var(--border-color);
+}
+
+.log-overlay-toolbar {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 8px;
+    padding-bottom: 10px;
+    padding-right: 36px;           /* space for corner close btn */
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.log-overlay-toolbar h3 {
+    margin: 0;
+    font-size: 1rem;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+    margin-right: 4px;
+}
+
+.log-overlay .log-viewer-output {
+    flex: 1;
+    max-height: none;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    min-height: 0;
+}
+
+/* ── Log viewer base ───────────────────────────────────────── */
 
 .log-viewer-output {
     background: #0d0d0d;
@@ -905,7 +1007,7 @@
     width: 100%;
     height: 100%;
     background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.92);
-    z-index: 10000;
+    z-index: var(--z-lightbox);
     justify-content: center;
     align-items: center;
     cursor: zoom-out;
@@ -1414,6 +1516,19 @@
     min-width: 0;
 }
 
+.composite-layer-brightness-label {
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    width: 90px;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    color: var(--text-secondary);
+}
+
+.composite-layer-brightness,
+.composite-layer-cspt {
+    flex: 1;
+    min-width: 0;
+}
+
 .composite-layer-blend {
     width: 100px;
     flex-shrink: 0;

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/patterns.css

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 .stream-card-props {
     display: flex;
     flex-wrap: wrap;
+    align-items: flex-start;
     gap: 6px;
     margin-bottom: 8px;
 }
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@
 }
 
 .stream-card-prop-full {
-    flex: 1 1 100%;
+    max-width: 100%;
     min-width: 0;
     white-space: nowrap;
     overflow: hidden;

server/src/wled_controller/static/css/tree-nav.css

@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
 /* ===========================
-   Tree Sidebar Navigation
+   Tree Dropdown Navigation
    =========================== */
 
 .tree-layout {
     display: flex;
-    gap: 20px;
-    align-items: flex-start;
+    flex-direction: column;
+    gap: 0;
 }
 
 .tree-sidebar {
-    width: 210px;
-    min-width: 210px;
-    flex-shrink: 0;
     position: sticky;
-    top: calc(var(--sticky-top, 90px) + 8px);
-    max-height: calc(100vh - var(--sticky-top, 90px) - 24px);
-    overflow-y: auto;
-    padding: 4px 0;
+    top: var(--sticky-top, 90px);
+    z-index: 20;
+    padding: 8px 0 4px;
+    /* dropdown panel positions against this */
+    /* sticky already establishes containing block, but be explicit */
 }
 
 .tree-content {
@@ -24,62 +22,144 @@
     min-width: 0;
 }
 
-/* ── Group ── */
+/* ── Trigger bar ── */
 
-.tree-group {
-    margin-bottom: 2px;
-}
-
-.tree-group:first-child > .tree-group-header {
-    margin-top: 0;
-}
-
-.tree-group-header {
-    display: flex;
+.tree-dd-trigger {
+    display: inline-flex;
     align-items: center;
     gap: 6px;
-    padding: 6px 10px;
+    padding: 5px 10px;
     cursor: pointer;
-    user-select: none;
-    font-size: 0.72rem;
-    font-weight: 700;
-    color: var(--text-muted);
-    border-radius: 6px;
-    transition: color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
-    text-transform: uppercase;
-    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
-    margin-top: 6px;
-}
-
-.tree-group-header:hover {
-    color: var(--text-color);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    border-radius: 8px;
     background: var(--bg-secondary);
+    user-select: none;
+    font-size: 0.82rem;
+    color: var(--text-color);
+    transition: border-color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
 }
 
-.tree-chevron {
-    font-size: 0.5rem;
-    width: 10px;
-    display: inline-block;
-    flex-shrink: 0;
-    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
-    color: var(--text-secondary);
+.tree-dd-trigger:hover {
+    border-color: var(--primary-color);
+    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--primary-color) 6%, var(--bg-secondary));
 }
 
-.tree-chevron.open {
-    transform: rotate(90deg);
+.tree-dd-trigger.open {
+    border-color: var(--primary-color);
 }
 
-.tree-node-icon {
+.tree-dd-trigger-icon {
     flex-shrink: 0;
     line-height: 1;
 }
 
-.tree-node-icon .icon {
+.tree-dd-trigger-icon .icon {
     width: 14px;
     height: 14px;
 }
 
-.tree-node-title {
+.tree-dd-trigger-title {
+    font-weight: 600;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-trigger-count {
+    background: var(--primary-color);
+    color: var(--primary-contrast);
+    font-size: 0.6rem;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    padding: 0 5px;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    min-width: 16px;
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-chevron {
+    font-size: 0.65rem;
+    color: var(--text-muted);
+    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
+    margin-left: 2px;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-trigger.open .tree-dd-chevron {
+    transform: rotate(180deg);
+}
+
+.tree-dd-extra {
+    display: inline-flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 4px;
+    margin-left: 6px;
+    border-left: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    padding-left: 8px;
+}
+
+/* ── Dropdown panel ── */
+
+.tree-dd-panel {
+    display: none;
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 100%;
+    left: 0;
+    min-width: 240px;
+    max-width: 340px;
+    max-height: 70vh;
+    overflow-y: auto;
+    background: var(--bg-color);
+    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
+    z-index: 100;
+    padding: 4px 0;
+    margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-panel.open {
+    display: block;
+}
+
+/* ── Group header (non-clickable category label) ── */
+
+.tree-dd-group-header {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 6px;
+    padding: 6px 12px 3px;
+    font-size: 0.68rem;
+    font-weight: 700;
+    color: var(--text-muted);
+    text-transform: uppercase;
+    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
+    user-select: none;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-group-header.tree-dd-depth-1 {
+    padding-left: 24px;
+    font-size: 0.72rem;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    text-transform: none;
+    letter-spacing: normal;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-group-header.tree-dd-depth-2 {
+    padding-left: 36px;
+    font-size: 0.72rem;
+    font-weight: 600;
+    text-transform: none;
+    letter-spacing: normal;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-group-header .tree-node-icon {
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-group-header .tree-node-icon .icon {
+    width: 13px;
+    height: 13px;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-group-title {
     flex: 1;
     min-width: 0;
     overflow: hidden;
@@ -87,97 +167,76 @@
     white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
-.tree-group-count {
+.tree-dd-group-count {
     background: var(--border-color);
     color: var(--text-secondary);
-    font-size: 0.6rem;
+    font-size: 0.58rem;
     font-weight: 600;
-    padding: 0 5px;
+    padding: 0 4px;
     border-radius: 8px;
-    flex-shrink: 0;
-    min-width: 16px;
+    min-width: 14px;
     text-align: center;
+    flex-shrink: 0;
 }
 
-/* ── Children (leaves) ── */
+/* ── Leaf (clickable item) ── */
 
-.tree-children {
+.tree-dd-leaf {
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+    gap: 6px;
+    padding: 5px 12px 5px 20px;
+    cursor: pointer;
+    font-size: 0.8rem;
+    color: var(--text-secondary);
+    transition: color 0.1s, background 0.1s;
+}
+
+/* Indent leaves inside nested groups */
+.tree-dd-group-header.tree-dd-depth-1 ~ .tree-dd-children > .tree-dd-leaf,
+.tree-dd-group .tree-dd-group .tree-dd-leaf {
+    padding-left: 32px;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-group .tree-dd-group .tree-dd-group .tree-dd-leaf {
+    padding-left: 44px;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-leaf:hover {
+    color: var(--text-color);
+    background: var(--bg-secondary);
+}
+
+.tree-dd-leaf.active {
+    color: var(--primary-text-color);
+    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--primary-color) 12%, transparent);
+    font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-leaf.active .tree-count {
+    background: var(--primary-color);
+    color: var(--primary-contrast);
+}
+
+.tree-dd-leaf .tree-node-icon {
+    flex-shrink: 0;
+    line-height: 1;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-leaf .tree-node-icon .icon {
+    width: 14px;
+    height: 14px;
+}
+
+.tree-dd-leaf .tree-node-title {
+    flex: 1;
+    min-width: 0;
     overflow: hidden;
-    margin-left: 14px;
-    border-left: 1px solid var(--border-color);
-    padding-left: 0;
-    max-height: 500px;
-    opacity: 1;
-    transition: max-height 0.25s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
+    text-overflow: ellipsis;
+    white-space: nowrap;
 }
 
-.tree-children.collapsed {
-    max-height: 0;
-    opacity: 0;
-}
-
-.tree-leaf {
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    gap: 6px;
-    padding: 5px 10px 5px 12px;
-    cursor: pointer;
-    font-size: 0.8rem;
-    color: var(--text-secondary);
-    border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
-    margin: 1px 0;
-    transition: color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
-}
-
-.tree-leaf:hover {
-    color: var(--text-color);
-    background: var(--bg-secondary);
-}
-
-.tree-leaf.active {
-    color: var(--primary-text-color);
-    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--primary-color) 12%, transparent);
-    font-weight: 600;
-}
-
-.tree-leaf.active .tree-count {
-    background: var(--primary-color);
-    color: var(--primary-contrast);
-}
-
-/* ── Standalone leaf (top-level, no group) ── */
-
-.tree-standalone {
-    display: flex;
-    align-items: center;
-    gap: 6px;
-    padding: 6px 10px;
-    cursor: pointer;
-    font-size: 0.8rem;
-    font-weight: 500;
-    color: var(--text-secondary);
-    border-radius: 6px;
-    margin: 1px 0;
-    transition: color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
-}
-
-.tree-standalone:hover {
-    color: var(--text-color);
-    background: var(--bg-secondary);
-}
-
-.tree-standalone.active {
-    color: var(--primary-text-color);
-    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--primary-color) 12%, transparent);
-    font-weight: 600;
-}
-
-.tree-standalone.active .tree-count {
-    background: var(--primary-color);
-    color: var(--primary-contrast);
-}
-
-/* ── Count badge ── */
+/* ── Count badge (shared) ── */
 
 .tree-count {
     background: var(--border-color);
@@ -191,96 +250,10 @@
     text-align: center;
 }
 
-/* ── Extra (expand/collapse, tutorial buttons) ── */
+/* ── Group separator ── */
 
-.tree-extra {
-    padding: 8px 10px;
-    margin-top: 4px;
+.tree-dd-group + .tree-dd-group {
     border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
-    display: flex;
-    gap: 4px;
-    align-items: center;
-}
-
-/* ── Sidebar eats into card space — allow 2-col with smaller minmax ── */
-
-.tree-content .displays-grid,
-.tree-content .devices-grid {
-    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(260px, 1fr));
-}
-
-.tree-content .templates-grid {
-    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));
-}
-
-/* ── Responsive: stack on narrow screens ── */
-
-@media (max-width: 900px) {
-    .tree-layout {
-        flex-direction: column;
-        align-items: stretch;
-        gap: 0;
-    }
-
-    .tree-sidebar {
-        width: 100%;
-        min-width: unset;
-        position: static;
-        max-height: none;
-        overflow-y: visible;
-        padding: 0 0 8px 0;
-        margin-bottom: 8px;
-        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
-        display: flex;
-        flex-wrap: wrap;
-        align-items: center;
-        gap: 2px;
-    }
-
-    .tree-group {
-        display: flex;
-        align-items: center;
-        flex-wrap: wrap;
-        gap: 2px;
-        margin-bottom: 0;
-    }
-
-    .tree-group-header {
-        padding: 4px 8px;
-        text-transform: none;
-        letter-spacing: normal;
-    }
-
-    .tree-children {
-        display: flex;
-        flex-wrap: wrap;
-        gap: 2px;
-        margin-left: 0;
-        border-left: none;
-        padding-left: 0;
-        max-height: none;
-        opacity: 1;
-        transition: none;
-    }
-
-    .tree-children.collapsed {
-        display: none;
-    }
-
-    .tree-leaf {
-        padding: 4px 10px;
-        margin: 0;
-    }
-
-    .tree-standalone {
-        padding: 4px 10px;
-    }
-
-    .tree-extra {
-        margin-top: 0;
-        border-top: none;
-        padding: 4px;
-        margin-left: auto;
-    }
-
+    margin-top: 2px;
+    padding-top: 2px;
 }

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/app.ts

@@ -3,34 +3,35 @@
  */
 
 // Layer 0: state
-import { apiKey, setApiKey, refreshInterval } from './core/state.js';
-import { Modal } from './core/modal.js';
+import { apiKey, setApiKey, refreshInterval } from './core/state.ts';
+import { Modal } from './core/modal.ts';
 
 // Layer 1: api, i18n
-import { loadServerInfo, loadDisplays, configureApiKey, startConnectionMonitor, stopConnectionMonitor } from './core/api.js';
-import { t, initLocale, changeLocale } from './core/i18n.js';
+import { loadServerInfo, loadDisplays, configureApiKey, startConnectionMonitor, stopConnectionMonitor } from './core/api.ts';
+import { t, initLocale, changeLocale } from './core/i18n.ts';
 
 // Layer 1.5: visual effects
-import { initCardGlare } from './core/card-glare.js';
-import { initBgAnim, updateBgAnimAccent, updateBgAnimTheme } from './core/bg-anim.js';
-import { initTabIndicator, updateTabIndicator } from './core/tab-indicator.js';
+import { initCardGlare } from './core/card-glare.ts';
+import { initBgAnim, updateBgAnimAccent, updateBgAnimTheme } from './core/bg-anim.ts';
+import { initTabIndicator, updateTabIndicator } from './core/tab-indicator.ts';
 
 // Layer 2: ui
 import {
     toggleHint, lockBody, unlockBody, closeLightbox,
-    showToast, showConfirm, closeConfirmModal,
+    showToast, showUndoToast, showConfirm, closeConfirmModal,
     openFullImageLightbox, showOverlaySpinner, hideOverlaySpinner,
-} from './core/ui.js';
+    setFieldError, clearFieldError, setupBlurValidation,
+} from './core/ui.ts';
 
 // Layer 3: displays, tutorials
 import {
     openDisplayPicker, closeDisplayPicker, selectDisplay, formatDisplayLabel,
-} from './features/displays.js';
+} from './features/displays.ts';
 import {
     startCalibrationTutorial, startDeviceTutorial, startGettingStartedTutorial,
     startDashboardTutorial, startTargetsTutorial, startSourcesTutorial, startAutomationsTutorial,
     closeTutorial, tutorialNext, tutorialPrev,
-} from './features/tutorials.js';
+} from './features/tutorials.ts';
 
 // Layer 4: devices, dashboard, streams, kc-targets, pattern-templates, automations
 import {
@@ -38,18 +39,18 @@ import {
     saveDeviceSettings, updateBrightnessLabel, saveCardBrightness,
     turnOffDevice, pingDevice, removeDevice, loadDevices,
     updateSettingsBaudFpsHint, copyWsUrl,
-} from './features/devices.js';
+} from './features/devices.ts';
 import {
     loadDashboard, stopUptimeTimer,
     dashboardToggleAutomation, dashboardStartTarget, dashboardStopTarget, dashboardStopAll,
     dashboardPauseClock, dashboardResumeClock, dashboardResetClock,
     toggleDashboardSection, changeDashboardPollInterval,
-} from './features/dashboard.js';
-import { startEventsWS, stopEventsWS } from './core/events-ws.js';
-import { startEntityEventListeners } from './core/entity-events.js';
+} from './features/dashboard.ts';
+import { startEventsWS, stopEventsWS } from './core/events-ws.ts';
+import { startEntityEventListeners } from './core/entity-events.ts';
 import {
     startPerfPolling, stopPerfPolling,
-} from './features/perf-charts.js';
+} from './features/perf-charts.ts';
 import {
     loadPictureSources, switchStreamTab,
     showAddTemplateModal, editTemplate, closeTemplateModal, saveTemplate, deleteTemplate,
@@ -68,15 +69,14 @@ import {
     showAddCSPTModal, editCSPT, closeCSPTModal, saveCSPT, deleteCSPT, cloneCSPT,
     csptAddFilterFromSelect, csptToggleFilterExpand, csptRemoveFilter, csptUpdateFilterOption,
     renderCSPTModalFilterList,
-    expandAllStreamSections, collapseAllStreamSections,
-} from './features/streams.js';
+} from './features/streams.ts';
 import {
     createKCTargetCard, testKCTarget,
     showKCEditor, closeKCEditorModal, forceCloseKCEditorModal, saveKCEditor,
     deleteKCTarget, disconnectAllKCWebSockets,
     updateKCBrightnessLabel, saveKCBrightness,
     cloneKCTarget,
-} from './features/kc-targets.js';
+} from './features/kc-targets.ts';
 import {
     createPatternTemplateCard,
     showPatternTemplateEditor, closePatternTemplateModal, forceClosePatternTemplateModal,
@@ -85,25 +85,24 @@ import {
     addPatternRect, deleteSelectedPatternRect, removePatternRect,
     capturePatternBackground,
     clonePatternTemplate,
-} from './features/pattern-templates.js';
+} from './features/pattern-templates.ts';
 import {
-    loadAutomations, openAutomationEditor, closeAutomationEditorModal,
+    loadAutomations, switchAutomationTab, openAutomationEditor, closeAutomationEditorModal,
     saveAutomationEditor, addAutomationCondition,
     toggleAutomationEnabled, cloneAutomation, deleteAutomation, copyWebhookUrl,
-    expandAllAutomationSections, collapseAllAutomationSections,
-} from './features/automations.js';
+} from './features/automations.ts';
 import {
     openScenePresetCapture, editScenePreset, saveScenePreset, closeScenePresetEditor,
     activateScenePreset, recaptureScenePreset, cloneScenePreset, deleteScenePreset,
     addSceneTarget, removeSceneTarget,
-} from './features/scene-presets.js';
+} from './features/scene-presets.ts';
 
 // Layer 5: device-discovery, targets
 import {
     onDeviceTypeChanged, updateBaudFpsHint, onSerialPortFocus,
     showAddDevice, closeAddDeviceModal, scanForDevices, handleAddDevice,
     cloneDevice,
-} from './features/device-discovery.js';
+} from './features/device-discovery.ts';
 import {
     loadTargetsTab, switchTargetSubTab,
     showTargetEditor, closeTargetEditorModal, forceCloseTargetEditorModal, saveTargetEditor,
@@ -111,9 +110,8 @@ import {
     stopAllLedTargets, stopAllKCTargets,
     startTargetOverlay, stopTargetOverlay, deleteTarget,
     cloneTarget, toggleLedPreview,
-    expandAllTargetSections, collapseAllTargetSections,
     disconnectAllLedPreviewWS,
-} from './features/targets.js';
+} from './features/targets.ts';
 
 // Layer 5: color-strip sources
 import {
@@ -137,7 +135,7 @@ import {
     testNotification,
     showNotificationHistory, closeNotificationHistory, refreshNotificationHistory,
     testColorStrip, testCSPT, closeTestCssSourceModal, applyCssTestSettings, fireCssTestNotification, fireCssTestNotificationLayer,
-} from './features/color-strips.js';
+} from './features/color-strips.ts';
 
 // Layer 5: audio sources
 import {
@@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ import {
     editAudioSource, cloneAudioSource, deleteAudioSource,
     testAudioSource, closeTestAudioSourceModal,
     refreshAudioDevices,
-} from './features/audio-sources.js';
+} from './features/audio-sources.ts';
 
 // Layer 5: value sources
 import {
@@ -154,7 +152,7 @@ import {
     onDaylightVSRealTimeChange,
     addSchedulePoint,
     testValueSource, closeTestValueSourceModal,
-} from './features/value-sources.js';
+} from './features/value-sources.ts';
 
 // Layer 5: calibration
 import {
@@ -162,12 +160,12 @@ import {
     updateOffsetSkipLock, updateCalibrationPreview,
     setStartPosition, toggleEdgeInputs, toggleDirection, toggleTestEdge,
     showCSSCalibration, toggleCalibrationOverlay,
-} from './features/calibration.js';
+} from './features/calibration.ts';
 import {
     showAdvancedCalibration, closeAdvancedCalibration, saveAdvancedCalibration,
     addCalibrationLine, removeCalibrationLine, selectCalibrationLine, moveCalibrationLine,
     updateCalibrationLine, resetCalibrationView,
-} from './features/advanced-calibration.js';
+} from './features/advanced-calibration.ts';
 
 // Layer 5.5: graph editor
 import {
@@ -175,21 +173,24 @@ import {
     toggleGraphLegend, toggleGraphMinimap, toggleGraphFilter, toggleGraphFilterTypes, toggleGraphHelp, graphUndo, graphRedo,
     graphFitAll, graphZoomIn, graphZoomOut, graphRelayout,
     graphToggleFullscreen, graphAddEntity,
-} from './features/graph-editor.js';
+} from './features/graph-editor.ts';
 
 // Layer 6: tabs, navigation, command palette, settings
-import { switchTab, initTabs, startAutoRefresh, handlePopState } from './features/tabs.js';
-import { navigateToCard } from './core/navigation.js';
-import { openCommandPalette, closeCommandPalette, initCommandPalette } from './core/command-palette.js';
+import { switchTab, initTabs, startAutoRefresh, handlePopState } from './features/tabs.ts';
+import { navigateToCard } from './core/navigation.ts';
+import { openCommandPalette, closeCommandPalette, initCommandPalette } from './core/command-palette.ts';
 import {
-    openSettingsModal, closeSettingsModal, downloadBackup, handleRestoreFileSelected,
+    openSettingsModal, closeSettingsModal, switchSettingsTab,
+    downloadBackup, handleRestoreFileSelected,
     saveAutoBackupSettings, restoreSavedBackup, downloadSavedBackup, deleteSavedBackup,
     restartServer, saveMqttSettings,
     loadApiKeysList,
     downloadPartialExport, handlePartialImportFileSelected,
     connectLogViewer, disconnectLogViewer, clearLogViewer, applyLogFilter,
+    openLogOverlay, closeLogOverlay,
     loadLogLevel, setLogLevel,
-} from './features/settings.js';
+    saveExternalUrl, getBaseOrigin, loadExternalUrl,
+} from './features/settings.ts';
 
 // ─── Register all HTML onclick / onchange / onfocus globals ───
 
@@ -208,11 +209,15 @@ Object.assign(window, {
     unlockBody,
     closeLightbox,
     showToast,
+    showUndoToast,
     showConfirm,
     closeConfirmModal,
     openFullImageLightbox,
     showOverlaySpinner,
     hideOverlaySpinner,
+    setFieldError,
+    clearFieldError,
+    setupBlurValidation,
 
     // core / api + i18n
     t,
@@ -272,7 +277,6 @@ Object.assign(window, {
     // streams / capture templates / PP templates
     loadPictureSources,
     switchStreamTab,
-    expandAllStreamSections, collapseAllStreamSections,
     showAddTemplateModal,
     editTemplate,
     closeTemplateModal,
@@ -366,6 +370,7 @@ Object.assign(window, {
 
     // automations
     loadAutomations,
+    switchAutomationTab,
     openAutomationEditor,
     closeAutomationEditorModal,
     saveAutomationEditor,
@@ -374,8 +379,6 @@ Object.assign(window, {
     cloneAutomation,
     deleteAutomation,
     copyWebhookUrl,
-    expandAllAutomationSections,
-    collapseAllAutomationSections,
 
     // scene presets
     openScenePresetCapture,
@@ -401,7 +404,6 @@ Object.assign(window, {
     // targets
     loadTargetsTab,
     switchTargetSubTab,
-    expandAllTargetSections, collapseAllTargetSections,
     showTargetEditor,
     closeTargetEditorModal,
     forceCloseTargetEditorModal,
@@ -522,9 +524,10 @@ Object.assign(window, {
     openCommandPalette,
     closeCommandPalette,
 
-    // settings (backup / restore / auto-backup / MQTT / partial export-import / api keys / log level)
+    // settings (tabs / backup / restore / auto-backup / MQTT / partial export-import / api keys / log level)
     openSettingsModal,
     closeSettingsModal,
+    switchSettingsTab,
     downloadBackup,
     handleRestoreFileSelected,
     saveAutoBackupSettings,
@@ -540,8 +543,12 @@ Object.assign(window, {
     disconnectLogViewer,
     clearLogViewer,
     applyLogFilter,
+    openLogOverlay,
+    closeLogOverlay,
     loadLogLevel,
     setLogLevel,
+    saveExternalUrl,
+    getBaseOrigin,
 });
 
 // ─── Global keyboard shortcuts ───
@@ -569,11 +576,14 @@ document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
     }
 
     if (e.key === 'Escape') {
-        // Close in order: overlay lightboxes first, then modals via stack
-        if (document.getElementById('display-picker-lightbox').classList.contains('active')) {
-            closeDisplayPicker();
+        // Close in order: log overlay > overlay lightboxes > modals via stack
+        const logOverlay = document.getElementById('log-overlay');
+        if (logOverlay && logOverlay.style.display !== 'none') {
+            closeLogOverlay();
+        } else if (document.getElementById('display-picker-lightbox').classList.contains('active')) {
+            closeDisplayPicker(null as any);
         } else if (document.getElementById('image-lightbox').classList.contains('active')) {
-            closeLightbox();
+            closeLightbox(null as any);
         } else {
             Modal.closeTopmost();
         }
@@ -605,6 +615,9 @@ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', async () => {
     // Initialize locale (dispatches languageChanged which may trigger API calls)
     await initLocale();
 
+    // Load external URL setting early so getBaseOrigin() is available for card rendering
+    loadExternalUrl();
+
     // Restore active tab before showing content to avoid visible jump
     initTabs();
 

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/api.ts

@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@
  * API utilities — base URL, auth headers, fetch wrapper, helpers.
  */
 
-import { apiKey, setApiKey, refreshInterval, setRefreshInterval, displaysCache } from './state.js';
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
+import { apiKey, setApiKey, refreshInterval, setRefreshInterval, displaysCache } from './state.ts';
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
+import { showToast } from './ui.ts';
 
 export const API_BASE = '/api/v1';
 
 export function getHeaders() {
-    const headers = {
+    const headers: Record<string, string> = {
         'Content-Type': 'application/json'
     };
     if (apiKey) {
@@ -18,7 +19,10 @@ export function getHeaders() {
 }
 
 export class ApiError extends Error {
-    constructor(status, message) {
+    status: number;
+    isAuth: boolean;
+
+    constructor(status: number, message: string) {
         super(message);
         this.name = 'ApiError';
         this.status = status;
@@ -26,7 +30,13 @@ export class ApiError extends Error {
     }
 }
 
-export async function fetchWithAuth(url, options = {}) {
+interface FetchAuthOpts extends RequestInit {
+    retry?: boolean;
+    timeout?: number;
+    handle401?: boolean;
+}
+
+export async function fetchWithAuth(url: string, options: FetchAuthOpts = {}): Promise<Response> {
     const { retry = true, timeout = 10000, handle401: auto401 = true, ...fetchOpts } = options;
     const fullUrl = url.startsWith('http') ? url : `${API_BASE}${url}`;
     const headers = fetchOpts.headers
@@ -59,63 +69,69 @@ export async function fetchWithAuth(url, options = {}) {
                 await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 500 * 2 ** attempt));
                 continue;
             }
+            // Final attempt failed — show user-facing error
+            const errMsg = (err as Error)?.name === 'AbortError'
+                ? t('api.error.timeout')
+                : t('api.error.network');
+            showToast(errMsg, 'error');
             throw err;
         }
     }
+    return undefined as unknown as Response;
 }
 
-export function escapeHtml(text) {
+export function escapeHtml(text: string) {
     if (!text) return '';
     const div = document.createElement('div');
     div.textContent = text;
     return div.innerHTML;
 }
 
-export function isSerialDevice(type) {
+export function isSerialDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'adalight' || type === 'ambiled';
 }
 
-export function isMockDevice(type) {
+export function isMockDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'mock';
 }
 
-export function isMqttDevice(type) {
+export function isMqttDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'mqtt';
 }
 
-export function isWsDevice(type) {
+export function isWsDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'ws';
 }
 
-export function isOpenrgbDevice(type) {
+export function isOpenrgbDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'openrgb';
 }
 
-export function isDmxDevice(type) {
+export function isDmxDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'dmx';
 }
 
-export function isEspnowDevice(type) {
+export function isEspnowDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'espnow';
 }
 
-export function isHueDevice(type) {
+export function isHueDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'hue';
 }
 
-export function isUsbhidDevice(type) {
+export function isUsbhidDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'usbhid';
 }
 
-export function isSpiDevice(type) {
+export function isSpiDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'spi';
 }
 
-export function isChromaDevice(type) {
+export function isChromaDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'chroma';
 }
 
-export function isGameSenseDevice(type) {
+export function isGameSenseDevice(type: string) {
     return type === 'gamesense';
 }
 
@@ -147,19 +163,19 @@ export function handle401Error() {
     }
 }
 
-let _connCheckTimer = null;
-let _serverOnline = null;  // null = unknown, true/false
+let _connCheckTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+let _serverOnline: boolean | null = null;  // null = unknown, true/false
 
-function _setConnectionState(online) {
+function _setConnectionState(online: boolean) {
     const changed = _serverOnline !== online;
     _serverOnline = online;
     const banner = document.getElementById('connection-overlay');
     const badge = document.getElementById('server-status');
     if (online) {
-        if (banner) { banner.style.display = 'none'; banner.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true'); }
+        if (banner) { (banner as HTMLElement).style.display = 'none'; banner.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true'); }
         if (badge) badge.className = 'status-badge online';
     } else {
-        if (banner) { banner.style.display = 'flex'; banner.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'false'); }
+        if (banner) { (banner as HTMLElement).style.display = 'flex'; banner.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'false'); }
         if (badge) badge.className = 'status-badge offline';
     }
     return changed;
@@ -170,8 +186,8 @@ export async function loadServerInfo() {
         const response = await fetch('/health', { signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000) });
         const data = await response.json();
 
-        document.getElementById('version-number').textContent = `v${data.version}`;
-        document.getElementById('server-status').textContent = '●';
+        document.getElementById('version-number')!.textContent = `v${data.version}`;
+        document.getElementById('server-status')!.textContent = '●';
         const wasOffline = _serverOnline === false;
         _setConnectionState(true);
         if (wasOffline) {
@@ -200,7 +216,7 @@ export function stopConnectionMonitor() {
     }
 }
 
-export async function loadDisplays(engineType = null) {
+export async function loadDisplays(engineType: string | null = null) {
     if (engineType) {
         // Filtered fetch — bypass cache (engine-specific display list)
         try {
@@ -233,11 +249,11 @@ export function configureApiKey() {
     if (key === '') {
         localStorage.removeItem('wled_api_key');
         setApiKey(null);
-        document.getElementById('api-key-btn').style.display = 'none';
+        document.getElementById('api-key-btn')!.style.display = 'none';
     } else {
         localStorage.setItem('wled_api_key', key);
         setApiKey(key);
-        document.getElementById('api-key-btn').style.display = 'inline-block';
+        document.getElementById('api-key-btn')!.style.display = 'inline-block';
     }
 
     loadServerInfo();

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/bg-anim.ts

@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ void main() {
 
 let _canvas, _gl, _prog;
 let _uTime, _uRes, _uAccent, _uBg, _uLight, _uParticlesBase;
-let _particleBuf = null; // pre-allocated Float32Array for uniform3fv
-let _raf = null;
+let _particleBuf: Float32Array | null = null; // pre-allocated Float32Array for uniform3fv
+let _raf: number | null = null;
 let _startTime = 0;
 let _accent = [76 / 255, 175 / 255, 80 / 255];
 let _bgColor = [26 / 255, 26 / 255, 26 / 255];
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ let _isLight = 0.0;
 // Particle state (CPU-side, positions in 0..1 UV space)
 const _particles = [];
 
-function _initParticles() {
+function _initParticles(): void {
     _particles.length = 0;
     for (let i = 0; i < PARTICLE_COUNT; i++) {
         _particles.push({
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ function _initParticles() {
     }
 }
 
-function _updateParticles() {
+function _updateParticles(): void {
     for (const p of _particles) {
         p.x += p.vx;
         p.y += p.vy;
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ function _updateParticles() {
     }
 }
 
-function _compile(gl, type, src) {
+function _compile(gl: WebGLRenderingContext, type: number, src: string): WebGLShader | null {
     const s = gl.createShader(type);
     gl.shaderSource(s, src);
     gl.compileShader(s);
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ function _compile(gl, type, src) {
     return s;
 }
 
-function _initGL() {
+function _initGL(): boolean {
     _gl = _canvas.getContext('webgl', { alpha: false, antialias: false, depth: false });
     if (!_gl) return false;
     const gl = _gl;
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ function _initGL() {
     return true;
 }
 
-function _resize() {
+function _resize(): void {
     const w = Math.round(window.innerWidth * 0.5);
     const h = Math.round(window.innerHeight * 0.5);
     _canvas.width = w;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ function _resize() {
     if (_gl) _gl.viewport(0, 0, w, h);
 }
 
-function _draw(time) {
+function _draw(time: number): void {
     _raf = requestAnimationFrame(_draw);
     const gl = _gl;
     if (!gl) return;
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ function _draw(time) {
     gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
 }
 
-function _start() {
+function _start(): void {
     if (_raf) return;
     if (!_gl && !_initGL()) return;
     _resize();
@@ -234,14 +234,14 @@ function _start() {
     _raf = requestAnimationFrame(_draw);
 }
 
-function _stop() {
+function _stop(): void {
     if (_raf) {
         cancelAnimationFrame(_raf);
         _raf = null;
     }
 }
 
-function hexToNorm(hex) {
+function hexToNorm(hex: string): number[] {
     return [
         parseInt(hex.slice(1, 3), 16) / 255,
         parseInt(hex.slice(3, 5), 16) / 255,
@@ -249,16 +249,16 @@ function hexToNorm(hex) {
     ];
 }
 
-export function updateBgAnimAccent(hex) {
+export function updateBgAnimAccent(hex: string): void {
     _accent = hexToNorm(hex);
 }
 
-export function updateBgAnimTheme(isDark) {
+export function updateBgAnimTheme(isDark: boolean): void {
     _bgColor = isDark ? [26 / 255, 26 / 255, 26 / 255] : [245 / 255, 245 / 255, 245 / 255];
     _isLight = isDark ? 0.0 : 1.0;
 }
 
-export function initBgAnim() {
+export function initBgAnim(): void {
     _canvas = document.getElementById('bg-anim-canvas');
     if (!_canvas) return;
 

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/bulk-toolbar.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/**
+ * BulkToolbar — fixed-bottom action bar for card bulk operations.
+ *
+ * Singleton toolbar: only one section can be in bulk mode at a time.
+ * Renders dynamically based on the active section's configured actions.
+ *
+ * Each bulk action descriptor:
+ *   { key, labelKey, icon?, style?, confirm?, handler }
+ *   - icon: SVG HTML string (from icons.js) — rendered inside the button
+ */
+
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
+import { showConfirm } from './ui.ts';
+import type { CardSection } from './card-sections.ts';
+
+let _activeSection: CardSection | null = null;   // CardSection currently in bulk mode
+let _toolbarEl: HTMLDivElement | null = null;        // cached DOM element
+
+function _ensureEl() {
+    if (_toolbarEl) return _toolbarEl;
+    _toolbarEl = document.createElement('div');
+    _toolbarEl.id = 'bulk-toolbar';
+    _toolbarEl.setAttribute('role', 'toolbar');
+    _toolbarEl.setAttribute('aria-label', 'Bulk actions');
+    document.body.appendChild(_toolbarEl);
+    return _toolbarEl;
+}
+
+/** Show the toolbar for a given section. */
+export function showBulkToolbar(section) {
+    if (_activeSection && _activeSection !== section) {
+        _activeSection.exitSelectionMode();
+    }
+    _activeSection = section;
+    _render();
+}
+
+/** Hide the toolbar. */
+export function hideBulkToolbar() {
+    _activeSection = null;
+    if (_toolbarEl) _toolbarEl.classList.remove('visible');
+}
+
+/** Re-render toolbar (e.g. after selection count changes). */
+export function updateBulkToolbar() {
+    if (!_activeSection) return;
+    _render();
+}
+
+function _render() {
+    const el = _ensureEl();
+    const section = _activeSection;
+    if (!section) { el.classList.remove('visible'); return; }
+
+    const count = section._selected.size;
+    const actions = section.bulkActions || [];
+
+    const actionBtns = actions.map(a => {
+        const cls = a.style === 'danger' ? 'btn btn-icon btn-danger bulk-action-btn' : 'btn btn-icon btn-secondary bulk-action-btn';
+        const label = t(a.labelKey);
+        const inner = a.icon || label;
+        return `<button class="${cls}" data-bulk-action="${a.key}" title="${label}">${inner}</button>`;
+    }).join('');
+
+    el.innerHTML = `
+        <label class="bulk-select-all-wrap" title="${t('bulk.select_all')}">
+            <input type="checkbox" class="bulk-select-all-cb"${count > 0 && count === section._visibleCardCount() ? ' checked' : ''}>
+        </label>
+        <span class="bulk-count">${t('bulk.selected_count', { count })}</span>
+        <div class="bulk-actions">${actionBtns}</div>
+        <button class="bulk-close" title="${t('bulk.cancel')}">&#x2715;</button>
+    `;
+
+    // Select All checkbox
+    el.querySelector('.bulk-select-all-cb').addEventListener('change', (e) => {
+        if ((e.target as HTMLInputElement).checked) section.selectAll();
+        else section.deselectAll();
+    });
+
+    // Action buttons
+    el.querySelectorAll('[data-bulk-action]').forEach(btn => {
+        btn.addEventListener('click', () => _executeAction((btn as HTMLElement).dataset.bulkAction));
+    });
+
+    // Close button
+    el.querySelector('.bulk-close').addEventListener('click', () => {
+        section.exitSelectionMode();
+    });
+
+    el.classList.add('visible');
+}
+
+async function _executeAction(actionKey) {
+    const section = _activeSection;
+    if (!section) return;
+
+    const action = section.bulkActions.find(a => a.key === actionKey);
+    if (!action) return;
+
+    const keys = [...section._selected];
+    if (!keys.length) return;
+
+    if (action.confirm) {
+        const msg = t(action.confirm, { count: keys.length });
+        const ok = await showConfirm(msg);
+        if (!ok) return;
+    }
+
+    // Show progress state on toolbar
+    const el = _toolbarEl;
+    const actionBtns = el?.querySelectorAll('.bulk-action-btn') as NodeListOf<HTMLButtonElement>;
+    actionBtns?.forEach(btn => { btn.disabled = true; });
+    const countEl = el?.querySelector('.bulk-count');
+    const prevCount = countEl?.textContent || '';
+    if (countEl) countEl.textContent = t('bulk.processing') || 'Processing…';
+
+    try {
+        await action.handler(keys);
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.error(`Bulk action "${actionKey}" failed:`, e);
+    }
+
+    // Restore toolbar state (in case exit doesn't happen)
+    actionBtns?.forEach(btn => { btn.disabled = false; });
+    if (countEl) countEl.textContent = prevCount;
+
+    section.exitSelectionMode();
+}

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/cache.ts

@@ -2,16 +2,33 @@
  * Reusable data cache with fetch deduplication, invalidation, and subscribers.
  */
 
-import { fetchWithAuth } from './api.js';
+import { fetchWithAuth } from './api.ts';
+
+export type ExtractDataFn<T> = (json: any) => T;
+export type SubscriberFn<T> = (data: T) => void;
+
+export interface DataCacheOpts<T> {
+    endpoint: string;
+    extractData: ExtractDataFn<T>;
+    defaultValue?: T;
+}
+
+export class DataCache<T = any> {
+    private _endpoint: string;
+    private _extractData: ExtractDataFn<T>;
+    private _defaultValue: T;
+    private _data: T;
+    private _loading: boolean;
+    private _promise: Promise<T> | null;
+    private _subscribers: SubscriberFn<T>[];
+    private _fresh: boolean;
 
-export class DataCache {
     /**
-     * @param {Object} opts
-     * @param {string} opts.endpoint - API path (e.g. '/picture-sources')
-     * @param {function} opts.extractData - Extract array from response JSON
-     * @param {*} [opts.defaultValue=[]] - Initial/fallback value
+     * @param opts.endpoint - API path (e.g. '/picture-sources')
+     * @param opts.extractData - Extract array from response JSON
+     * @param opts.defaultValue - Initial/fallback value (default: [])
      */
-    constructor({ endpoint, extractData, defaultValue = [] }) {
+    constructor({ endpoint, extractData, defaultValue = [] as unknown as T }: DataCacheOpts<T>) {
         this._endpoint = endpoint;
         this._extractData = extractData;
         this._defaultValue = defaultValue;
@@ -22,16 +39,14 @@ export class DataCache {
         this._fresh = false;  // true after first successful fetch, cleared on invalidate
     }
 
-    get data() { return this._data; }
-    get loading() { return this._loading; }
+    get data(): T { return this._data; }
+    get loading(): boolean { return this._loading; }
 
     /**
      * Fetch from API. Deduplicates concurrent calls.
      * Returns cached data immediately if already fetched and not invalidated.
-     * @param {Object} [opts]
-     * @param {boolean} [opts.force=false] - Force re-fetch even if cache is fresh
      */
-    async fetch({ force = false } = {}) {
+    async fetch({ force = false } = {}): Promise<T> {
         if (!force && this._fresh) return this._data;
         if (this._promise) return this._promise;
         this._loading = true;
@@ -44,7 +59,7 @@ export class DataCache {
         }
     }
 
-    async _doFetch() {
+    async _doFetch(): Promise<T> {
         try {
             const resp = await fetchWithAuth(this._endpoint);
             if (!resp.ok) {
@@ -56,7 +71,7 @@ export class DataCache {
             this._fresh = true;
             this._notify();
             return this._data;
-        } catch (err) {
+        } catch (err: any) {
             if (err.isAuth) return this._data;
             console.error(`Cache fetch ${this._endpoint}:`, err);
             return this._data;
@@ -64,21 +79,21 @@ export class DataCache {
     }
 
     /** Mark cache as stale; next fetch() will re-request. */
-    invalidate() {
+    invalidate(): void {
         this._fresh = false;
     }
 
     /** Manually set cache value (e.g. after a create/update call). */
-    update(value) {
+    update(value: T): void {
         this._data = value;
         this._fresh = true;
         this._notify();
     }
 
-    subscribe(fn) { this._subscribers.push(fn); }
-    unsubscribe(fn) { this._subscribers = this._subscribers.filter(f => f !== fn); }
+    subscribe(fn: SubscriberFn<T>): void { this._subscribers.push(fn); }
+    unsubscribe(fn: SubscriberFn<T>): void { this._subscribers = this._subscribers.filter(f => f !== fn); }
 
-    _notify() {
+    _notify(): void {
         for (const fn of this._subscribers) fn(this._data);
     }
 }

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/card-colors.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Card color assignment — localStorage-backed color labels for any card.
  *
  * Usage in card creation functions:
- *   import { wrapCard } from '../core/card-colors.js';
+ *   import { wrapCard } from '../core/card-colors.ts';
  *
  *   return wrapCard({
  *       dataAttr: 'data-device-id',
@@ -19,21 +19,21 @@
  *   - Bottom actions (.card-actions / .template-card-actions) with color picker
  */
 
-import { createColorPicker, registerColorPicker } from './color-picker.js';
+import { createColorPicker, registerColorPicker } from './color-picker.ts';
 
 const STORAGE_KEY = 'cardColors';
 const DEFAULT_SWATCH = '#808080';
 
-function _getAll() {
+function _getAll(): Record<string, string> {
     try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY)) || {}; }
     catch { return {}; }
 }
 
-export function getCardColor(id) {
+export function getCardColor(id: string): string {
     return _getAll()[id] || '';
 }
 
-export function setCardColor(id, hex) {
+export function setCardColor(id: string, hex: string): void {
     const m = _getAll();
     if (hex) m[id] = hex; else delete m[id];
     localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(m));
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ export function setCardColor(id, hex) {
  * Returns inline style string for card border-left.
  * Empty string when no color is set.
  */
-export function cardColorStyle(entityId) {
+export function cardColorStyle(entityId: string): string {
     const c = getCardColor(entityId);
     return c ? `border-left: 3px solid ${c}` : '';
 }
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ export function cardColorStyle(entityId) {
  * @param {string} entityId  Unique entity ID
  * @param {string} cardAttr  Data attribute selector, e.g. 'data-device-id'
  */
-export function cardColorButton(entityId, cardAttr) {
+export function cardColorButton(entityId: string, cardAttr: string): string {
     const color = getCardColor(entityId) || DEFAULT_SWATCH;
     const pickerId = `cc-${entityId}`;
 
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ export function cardColorButton(entityId, cardAttr) {
         // Find the card that contains this picker (not a global querySelector
         // which could match a dashboard compact card first)
         const wrapper = document.getElementById(`cp-wrap-${pickerId}`);
-        const card = wrapper?.closest(`[${cardAttr}]`);
+        const card = wrapper?.closest(`[${cardAttr}]`) as HTMLElement | null;
         if (card) card.style.borderLeft = hex ? `3px solid ${hex}` : '';
     });
 
-    return createColorPicker({ id: pickerId, currentColor: color, anchor: 'left', showReset: true, resetColor: DEFAULT_SWATCH });
+    return createColorPicker({ id: pickerId, currentColor: color, onPick: null, anchor: 'left', showReset: true, resetColor: DEFAULT_SWATCH });
 }
 
 /**
@@ -98,7 +98,17 @@ export function wrapCard({
     removeTitle,
     content,
     actions,
-}) {
+}: {
+    type?: 'card' | 'template-card';
+    dataAttr: string;
+    id: string;
+    classes?: string;
+    topButtons?: string;
+    removeOnclick: string;
+    removeTitle: string;
+    content: string;
+    actions: string;
+}): string {
     const actionsClass = type === 'template-card' ? 'template-card-actions' : 'card-actions';
     const colorStyle = cardColorStyle(id);
     return `

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/card-glare.ts

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 
 const CARD_SEL = '.card, .template-card';
 
-let _active = null;   // currently illuminated card element
-let _cachedRect = null; // cached bounding rect for current card
+let _active: Element | null = null;   // currently illuminated card element
+let _cachedRect: DOMRect | null = null; // cached bounding rect for current card
 
 function _onMove(e) {
     const card = e.target.closest(CARD_SEL);

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/card-sections.ts

@@ -21,7 +21,34 @@
  *   }
  */
 
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
+import { showBulkToolbar, hideBulkToolbar, updateBulkToolbar } from './bulk-toolbar.ts';
+import { ICON_LIST_CHECKS } from './icons.ts';
+
+export interface BulkAction {
+    key: string;
+    labelKey: string;
+    icon?: string;
+    style?: string;
+    confirm?: string;
+    handler: (ids: string[]) => Promise<void>;
+}
+
+export interface CardItem {
+    key: string;
+    html: string;
+}
+
+export interface CardSectionOpts {
+    titleKey: string;
+    gridClass: string;
+    addCardOnclick?: string;
+    keyAttr?: string;
+    headerExtra?: string;
+    collapsible?: boolean;
+    emptyKey?: string;
+    bulkActions?: BulkAction[];
+}
 
 const STORAGE_KEY = 'sections_collapsed';
 const ORDER_PREFIX = 'card_order_';
@@ -30,24 +57,52 @@ const SCROLL_EDGE = 60;
 const SCROLL_SPEED = 12;
 const _reducedMotion = window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)');
 
-function _getCollapsedMap() {
-    try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY)) || {}; }
+function _getCollapsedMap(): Record<string, boolean> {
+    try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY) as string) || {}; }
     catch { return {}; }
 }
 
+/** Generate skeleton placeholder cards for loading state. */
+export function renderSkeletonCards(count = 3, gridClass = 'devices-grid') {
+    let html = '';
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        const delay = `animation-delay: ${i * 0.15}s`;
+        html += `<div class="skeleton-card">
+            <div class="skeleton-line skeleton-line-title" style="${delay}"></div>
+            <div class="skeleton-line skeleton-line-medium" style="${delay}"></div>
+            <div class="skeleton-line skeleton-line-short" style="${delay}"></div>
+            <div class="skeleton-actions">
+                <div class="skeleton-btn" style="${delay}"></div>
+                <div class="skeleton-btn" style="${delay}"></div>
+            </div>
+        </div>`;
+    }
+    return `<div class="${gridClass}">${html}</div>`;
+}
+
 export class CardSection {
 
-    /**
-     * @param {string} sectionKey  Unique key for localStorage persistence
-     * @param {object} opts
-     * @param {string} opts.titleKey       i18n key for the section title
-     * @param {string} opts.gridClass      CSS class for the card grid: 'devices-grid' | 'templates-grid'
-     * @param {string} [opts.addCardOnclick] onclick handler string for the "+" add card
-     * @param {string} [opts.keyAttr]      data attribute that uniquely identifies cards (e.g. 'data-device-id')
-     * @param {string} [opts.headerExtra]  Extra HTML injected between count badge and filter (e.g. action buttons)
-     * @param {string} [opts.emptyKey]     i18n key for the empty-state message shown when there are no items
-     */
-    constructor(sectionKey, { titleKey, gridClass, addCardOnclick, keyAttr, headerExtra, collapsible, emptyKey }) {
+    sectionKey: string;
+    titleKey: string;
+    gridClass: string;
+    addCardOnclick: string;
+    keyAttr: string;
+    headerExtra: string;
+    collapsible: boolean;
+    emptyKey: string;
+    bulkActions: BulkAction[] | null;
+    _filterValue: string;
+    _lastItems: CardItem[] | null;
+    _dragState: any;
+    _dragBound: boolean;
+    _selecting: boolean;
+    _selected: Set<string>;
+    _lastClickedKey: string | null;
+    _escHandler: ((e: KeyboardEvent) => void) | null;
+    _pendingReconcile: CardItem[] | null;
+    _animated: boolean;
+
+    constructor(sectionKey: string, { titleKey, gridClass, addCardOnclick, keyAttr, headerExtra, collapsible, emptyKey, bulkActions }: CardSectionOpts) {
         this.sectionKey = sectionKey;
         this.titleKey = titleKey;
         this.gridClass = gridClass;
@@ -56,11 +111,18 @@ export class CardSection {
         this.headerExtra = headerExtra || '';
         this.collapsible = !!collapsible;
         this.emptyKey = emptyKey || '';
+        this.bulkActions = bulkActions || null;
         this._filterValue = '';
         this._lastItems = null;
         this._dragState = null;
         this._dragBound = false;
-        this._cachedCardRects = null;
+        // Bulk selection state
+        this._selecting = false;
+        this._selected = new Set();
+        this._lastClickedKey = null;
+        this._escHandler = null;
+        this._pendingReconcile = null;
+        this._animated = false;
     }
 
     /** True if this section's DOM element exists (i.e. not the first render). */
@@ -68,11 +130,8 @@ export class CardSection {
         return !!document.querySelector(`[data-card-section="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns section HTML string for initial innerHTML building.
-     * @param {Array<{key: string, html: string}>} items
-     */
-    render(items) {
+    /** Returns section HTML string for initial innerHTML building. */
+    render(items: CardItem[]) {
         this._lastItems = items;
         this._dragBound = false; // DOM will be recreated → need to re-init drag
         const count = items.length;
@@ -98,6 +157,7 @@ export class CardSection {
                 <span class="cs-title" data-i18n="${this.titleKey}">${t(this.titleKey)}</span>
                 <span class="cs-count">${count}</span>
                 ${this.headerExtra ? `<span class="cs-header-extra">${this.headerExtra}</span>` : ''}
+                ${this.bulkActions ? `<button type="button" class="cs-bulk-toggle" data-cs-bulk="${this.sectionKey}" title="${t('bulk.select')}">${ICON_LIST_CHECKS}</button>` : ''}
                 <div class="cs-filter-wrap">
                     <input type="text" class="cs-filter" data-cs-filter="${this.sectionKey}"
                            data-i18n-placeholder="section.filter.placeholder" placeholder="${t('section.filter.placeholder')}" autocomplete="off">
@@ -114,19 +174,19 @@ export class CardSection {
     /** Attach event listeners after innerHTML is set. */
     bind() {
         const header = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-toggle="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
-        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
-        const filterInput = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-filter="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`) as HTMLElement | null;
+        const filterInput = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-filter="${this.sectionKey}"]`) as HTMLInputElement | null;
         if (!header || !content) return;
 
         if (this.collapsible) {
             header.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
-                if (e.target.closest('.cs-filter-wrap') || e.target.closest('.cs-header-extra')) return;
+                if ((e.target as HTMLElement).closest('.cs-filter-wrap') || (e.target as HTMLElement).closest('.cs-header-extra')) return;
                 this._toggleCollapse(header, content);
             });
         }
 
         if (filterInput) {
-            const resetBtn = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-filter-reset="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+            const resetBtn = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-filter-reset="${this.sectionKey}"]`) as HTMLElement | null;
             const updateResetVisibility = () => {
                 if (resetBtn) resetBtn.style.display = filterInput.value ? '' : 'none';
             };
@@ -134,7 +194,7 @@ export class CardSection {
             filterInput.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => e.stopPropagation());
             if (resetBtn) resetBtn.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => e.stopPropagation());
 
-            let timer = null;
+            let timer: any = null;
             filterInput.addEventListener('input', () => {
                 clearTimeout(timer);
                 updateResetVisibility();
@@ -143,7 +203,7 @@ export class CardSection {
                     this._applyFilter(content, this._filterValue);
                 }, 150);
             });
-            filterInput.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
+            filterInput.addEventListener('keydown', (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
                 if (e.key === 'Escape') {
                     if (filterInput.value) {
                         e.stopPropagation();
@@ -174,6 +234,53 @@ export class CardSection {
             updateResetVisibility();
         }
 
+        // Bulk selection toggle button
+        if (this.bulkActions) {
+            const bulkBtn = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-bulk="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+            if (bulkBtn) {
+                bulkBtn.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => e.stopPropagation());
+                bulkBtn.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+                    e.stopPropagation();
+                    if (this._selecting) this.exitSelectionMode();
+                    else this.enterSelectionMode();
+                });
+            }
+
+            // Card click delegation for selection
+            // Ctrl+Click on a card auto-enters bulk mode if not already selecting
+            content.addEventListener('click', (e: MouseEvent) => {
+                if (!this.keyAttr) return;
+                const card = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest(`[${this.keyAttr}]`);
+                if (!card) return;
+                // Don't hijack clicks on buttons, links, inputs inside cards
+                if ((e.target as HTMLElement).closest('button, a, input, select, textarea, .card-actions, .template-card-actions, .color-picker-wrapper')) return;
+
+                // Auto-enter selection mode on Ctrl/Cmd+Click
+                if (!this._selecting && (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey)) {
+                    this.enterSelectionMode();
+                }
+                if (!this._selecting) return;
+
+                const key = card.getAttribute(this.keyAttr);
+                if (!key) return;
+
+                if (e.shiftKey && this._lastClickedKey) {
+                    this._selectRange(content, this._lastClickedKey, key);
+                } else {
+                    this._toggleSelect(key);
+                }
+                this._lastClickedKey = key;
+            });
+
+            // Escape to exit selection mode
+            this._escHandler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+                if (e.key === 'Escape' && this._selecting) {
+                    this.exitSelectionMode();
+                }
+            };
+            document.addEventListener('keydown', this._escHandler);
+        }
+
         // Tag card elements with their source HTML for future reconciliation
         this._tagCards(content);
 
@@ -190,30 +297,26 @@ export class CardSection {
         this._cacheSearchText(content);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Incremental DOM diff — update cards in-place without rebuilding the section.
-     * @param {Array<{key: string, html: string}>} items
-     * @returns {{added: Set<string>, replaced: Set<string>, removed: Set<string>}}
-     */
-    reconcile(items) {
+    /** Incremental DOM diff — update cards in-place without rebuilding the section. */
+    reconcile(items: CardItem[]) {
         // Skip DOM mutations while a drag is in progress — would destroy drag state
         if (this._dragState) {
             this._pendingReconcile = items;
             return { added: new Set(), replaced: new Set(), removed: new Set() };
         }
 
-        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`) as HTMLElement | null;
         if (!content) return { added: new Set(), replaced: new Set(), removed: new Set() };
 
         this._lastItems = items;
 
         // Update count badge (will be refined by _applyFilter if a filter is active)
         const countEl = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-toggle="${this.sectionKey}"] .cs-count`);
-        if (countEl && !this._filterValue) countEl.textContent = items.length;
+        if (countEl && !this._filterValue) countEl.textContent = String(items.length);
 
         // Show/hide empty state
         if (this.emptyKey) {
-            let emptyEl = content.querySelector(`[data-cs-empty="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+            let emptyEl = content.querySelector(`[data-cs-empty="${this.sectionKey}"]`) as HTMLElement | null;
             if (items.length === 0) {
                 if (!emptyEl) {
                     emptyEl = document.createElement('div');
@@ -232,9 +335,9 @@ export class CardSection {
 
         const newMap = new Map(items.map(i => [i.key, i.html]));
         const addCard = content.querySelector('.cs-add-card');
-        const added = new Set();
-        const replaced = new Set();
-        const removed = new Set();
+        const added = new Set<string>();
+        const replaced = new Set<string>();
+        const removed = new Set<string>();
 
         // Process existing cards: remove or update
         if (this.keyAttr) {
@@ -243,16 +346,16 @@ export class CardSection {
                 const key = card.getAttribute(this.keyAttr);
                 if (!newMap.has(key)) {
                     card.remove();
-                    removed.add(key);
+                    removed.add(key!);
                 } else {
                     const newHtml = newMap.get(key);
-                    if (card._csHtml !== newHtml) {
+                    if ((card as any)._csHtml !== newHtml) {
                         const tmp = document.createElement('div');
                         tmp.innerHTML = newHtml;
-                        const newEl = tmp.firstElementChild;
+                        const newEl = tmp.firstElementChild as any;
                         newEl._csHtml = newHtml;
                         card.replaceWith(newEl);
-                        replaced.add(key);
+                        replaced.add(key!);
                     }
                     // else: unchanged — skip
                 }
@@ -266,7 +369,7 @@ export class CardSection {
                 if (!existingKeys.has(key)) {
                     const tmp = document.createElement('div');
                     tmp.innerHTML = html;
-                    const newEl = tmp.firstElementChild;
+                    const newEl = tmp.firstElementChild as any;
                     newEl._csHtml = html;
                     if (addCard) content.insertBefore(newEl, addCard);
                     else content.appendChild(newEl);
@@ -279,7 +382,7 @@ export class CardSection {
         if (added.size > 0 && this.keyAttr && !_reducedMotion.matches) {
             let delay = 0;
             for (const key of added) {
-                const card = content.querySelector(`[${this.keyAttr}="${key}"]`);
+                const card = content.querySelector(`[${this.keyAttr}="${key}"]`) as HTMLElement | null;
                 if (card) {
                     card.style.animationDelay = `${delay}ms`;
                     card.classList.add('card-enter');
@@ -304,54 +407,34 @@ export class CardSection {
             this._applyFilter(content, this._filterValue);
         }
 
+        // Re-apply bulk selection state after reconcile
+        if (this._selecting && this.keyAttr) {
+            // Remove selected keys that were removed from DOM
+            for (const key of removed) this._selected.delete(key);
+            // Re-apply .card-selected on surviving cards
+            for (const key of this._selected) {
+                const card = content.querySelector(`[${this.keyAttr}="${key}"]`);
+                if (card) card.classList.add('card-selected');
+            }
+            // Inject checkboxes on new/replaced cards
+            if (added.size > 0 || replaced.size > 0) {
+                this._injectCheckboxes(content);
+            }
+            updateBulkToolbar();
+        }
+
         return { added, replaced, removed };
     }
 
     /** Bind an array of CardSection instances. */
-    static bindAll(sections) {
+    static bindAll(sections: CardSection[]) {
         for (const s of sections) s.bind();
     }
 
-    /** Expand all given sections. */
-    static expandAll(sections) {
-        const map = _getCollapsedMap();
-        for (const s of sections) {
-            map[s.sectionKey] = false;
-            const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${s.sectionKey}"]`);
-            const header = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-toggle="${s.sectionKey}"]`);
-            const section = document.querySelector(`[data-card-section="${s.sectionKey}"]`);
-            if (content) content.style.display = '';
-            if (section) section.classList.remove('cs-collapsed');
-            if (header) {
-                const chevron = header.querySelector('.cs-chevron');
-                if (chevron) chevron.style.transform = 'rotate(90deg)';
-            }
-        }
-        localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(map));
-    }
-
-    /** Collapse all given sections. */
-    static collapseAll(sections) {
-        const map = _getCollapsedMap();
-        for (const s of sections) {
-            map[s.sectionKey] = true;
-            const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${s.sectionKey}"]`);
-            const header = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-toggle="${s.sectionKey}"]`);
-            const section = document.querySelector(`[data-card-section="${s.sectionKey}"]`);
-            if (content) content.style.display = 'none';
-            if (section) section.classList.add('cs-collapsed');
-            if (header) {
-                const chevron = header.querySelector('.cs-chevron');
-                if (chevron) chevron.style.transform = '';
-            }
-        }
-        localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(map));
-    }
-
     /** Programmatically expand this section if collapsed. */
     expand() {
         const header = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-toggle="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
-        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`) as HTMLElement | null;
         if (!header || !content) return;
         const map = _getCollapsedMap();
         if (map[this.sectionKey]) {
@@ -360,7 +443,7 @@ export class CardSection {
             content.style.display = '';
             const section = header.closest('[data-card-section]');
             if (section) section.classList.remove('cs-collapsed');
-            const chevron = header.querySelector('.cs-chevron');
+            const chevron = header.querySelector('.cs-chevron') as HTMLElement | null;
             if (chevron) chevron.style.transform = 'rotate(90deg)';
         }
     }
@@ -369,38 +452,162 @@ export class CardSection {
      * Reorder items array according to saved drag order.
      * Call before render() / reconcile().
      */
-    applySortOrder(items) {
+    applySortOrder(items: CardItem[]) {
         if (!this.keyAttr) return items;
         const order = this._getSavedOrder();
         if (!order.length) return items;
-        const orderMap = new Map(order.map((key, idx) => [key, idx]));
+        const orderMap = new Map(order.map((key: string, idx: number) => [key, idx]));
         const sorted = [...items];
         sorted.sort((a, b) => {
             const ia = orderMap.has(a.key) ? orderMap.get(a.key) : Infinity;
             const ib = orderMap.has(b.key) ? orderMap.get(b.key) : Infinity;
-            if (ia !== ib) return ia - ib;
+            if (ia !== ib) return (ia as number) - (ib as number);
             return 0; // preserve original order for unranked items
         });
         return sorted;
     }
 
+    // ── Bulk selection ──
+
+    enterSelectionMode() {
+        if (this._selecting) return;
+        this._selecting = true;
+        this._selected.clear();
+        this._lastClickedKey = null;
+        const section = document.querySelector(`[data-card-section="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        if (section) section.classList.add('cs-selecting');
+        const btn = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-bulk="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        if (btn) btn.classList.add('active');
+        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`) as HTMLElement | null;
+        if (content) this._injectCheckboxes(content);
+        showBulkToolbar(this);
+    }
+
+    exitSelectionMode() {
+        if (!this._selecting) return;
+        this._selecting = false;
+        this._selected.clear();
+        this._lastClickedKey = null;
+        const section = document.querySelector(`[data-card-section="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        if (section) section.classList.remove('cs-selecting');
+        const btn = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-bulk="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        if (btn) btn.classList.remove('active');
+        // Remove checkboxes and selection classes
+        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        if (content) {
+            content.querySelectorAll('.card-bulk-check').forEach(cb => cb.remove());
+            content.querySelectorAll('.card-selected').forEach(c => c.classList.remove('card-selected'));
+        }
+        hideBulkToolbar();
+    }
+
+    _toggleSelect(key: string) {
+        if (this._selected.has(key)) this._selected.delete(key);
+        else this._selected.add(key);
+        this._applySelectionVisuals();
+        updateBulkToolbar();
+    }
+
+    _selectRange(content: HTMLElement, fromKey: string, toKey: string) {
+        const cards = [...content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`)] as HTMLElement[];
+        const keys = cards.map(c => c.getAttribute(this.keyAttr)!);
+        const fromIdx = keys.indexOf(fromKey);
+        const toIdx = keys.indexOf(toKey);
+        if (fromIdx < 0 || toIdx < 0) return;
+        const lo = Math.min(fromIdx, toIdx);
+        const hi = Math.max(fromIdx, toIdx);
+        for (let i = lo; i <= hi; i++) {
+            const card = cards[i];
+            if (card.style.display !== 'none') { // respect filter
+                this._selected.add(keys[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        this._applySelectionVisuals();
+        updateBulkToolbar();
+    }
+
+    selectAll() {
+        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        if (!content || !this.keyAttr) return;
+        (content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`) as NodeListOf<HTMLElement>).forEach(card => {
+            if (card.style.display !== 'none') {
+                this._selected.add(card.getAttribute(this.keyAttr)!);
+            }
+        });
+        this._applySelectionVisuals();
+        updateBulkToolbar();
+    }
+
+    deselectAll() {
+        this._selected.clear();
+        this._applySelectionVisuals();
+        updateBulkToolbar();
+    }
+
+    _visibleCardCount() {
+        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        if (!content || !this.keyAttr) return 0;
+        let count = 0;
+        (content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`) as NodeListOf<HTMLElement>).forEach(card => {
+            if (card.style.display !== 'none') count++;
+        });
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    _applySelectionVisuals() {
+        const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${this.sectionKey}"]`);
+        if (!content || !this.keyAttr) return;
+        content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`).forEach(card => {
+            const key = card.getAttribute(this.keyAttr);
+            const selected = this._selected.has(key!);
+            card.classList.toggle('card-selected', selected);
+            const cb = card.querySelector('.card-bulk-check') as HTMLInputElement | null;
+            if (cb) cb.checked = selected;
+        });
+    }
+
+    _injectCheckboxes(content: HTMLElement) {
+        if (!this.keyAttr) return;
+        content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`).forEach(card => {
+            if (card.querySelector('.card-bulk-check')) return;
+            const cb = document.createElement('input');
+            cb.type = 'checkbox';
+            cb.className = 'card-bulk-check';
+            cb.checked = this._selected.has(card.getAttribute(this.keyAttr)!);
+            cb.addEventListener('click', (e: MouseEvent) => {
+                e.stopPropagation();
+                const key = card.getAttribute(this.keyAttr)!;
+                if (e.shiftKey && this._lastClickedKey) {
+                    this._selectRange(content, this._lastClickedKey, key);
+                } else {
+                    this._toggleSelect(key);
+                }
+                this._lastClickedKey = key;
+            });
+            // Insert as first child of .card-top-actions, or prepend to card
+            const topActions = card.querySelector('.card-top-actions');
+            if (topActions) topActions.prepend(cb);
+            else card.prepend(cb);
+        });
+    }
+
     _getSavedOrder() {
-        try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(ORDER_PREFIX + this.sectionKey)) || []; }
+        try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(ORDER_PREFIX + this.sectionKey) as string) || []; }
         catch { return []; }
     }
 
-    _saveOrder(keys) {
+    _saveOrder(keys: (string | null)[]) {
         localStorage.setItem(ORDER_PREFIX + this.sectionKey, JSON.stringify(keys));
     }
 
     // ── private ──
 
-    _animateEntrance(content) {
+    _animateEntrance(content: HTMLElement) {
         if (this._animated) return;
         this._animated = true;
         if (_reducedMotion.matches) return;
         const selector = this.keyAttr ? `[${this.keyAttr}]` : '.card, .template-card:not(.add-template-card)';
-        const cards = content.querySelectorAll(selector);
+        const cards = content.querySelectorAll(selector) as NodeListOf<HTMLElement>;
         cards.forEach((card, i) => {
             card.style.animationDelay = `${i * 30}ms`;
             card.classList.add('card-enter');
@@ -408,25 +615,25 @@ export class CardSection {
         });
     }
 
-    _tagCards(content) {
+    _tagCards(content: HTMLElement) {
         if (!this.keyAttr || !this._lastItems) return;
         const htmlMap = new Map(this._lastItems.map(i => [i.key, i.html]));
         const cards = content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`);
         cards.forEach(card => {
             const key = card.getAttribute(this.keyAttr);
-            if (htmlMap.has(key)) card._csHtml = htmlMap.get(key);
+            if (htmlMap.has(key)) (card as any)._csHtml = htmlMap.get(key);
         });
     }
 
     /** Cache each card's lowercased text content in data-search for fast filtering. */
-    _cacheSearchText(content) {
-        const cards = content.querySelectorAll('.card, .template-card:not(.add-template-card)');
+    _cacheSearchText(content: HTMLElement) {
+        const cards = content.querySelectorAll('.card, .template-card:not(.add-template-card)') as NodeListOf<HTMLElement>;
         cards.forEach(card => {
-            card.dataset.search = card.textContent.toLowerCase();
+            card.dataset.search = card.textContent!.toLowerCase();
         });
     }
 
-    _toggleCollapse(header, content) {
+    _toggleCollapse(header: Element, content: HTMLElement) {
         const map = _getCollapsedMap();
         const nowCollapsed = !map[this.sectionKey];
         map[this.sectionKey] = nowCollapsed;
@@ -435,11 +642,11 @@ export class CardSection {
         const section = header.closest('[data-card-section]');
         if (section) section.classList.toggle('cs-collapsed', nowCollapsed);
 
-        const chevron = header.querySelector('.cs-chevron');
+        const chevron = header.querySelector('.cs-chevron') as HTMLElement | null;
         if (chevron) chevron.style.transform = nowCollapsed ? '' : 'rotate(90deg)';
 
         // Cancel any running animation on this content
-        if (content._csAnim) { content._csAnim.cancel(); content._csAnim = null; }
+        if ((content as any)._csAnim) { (content as any)._csAnim.cancel(); (content as any)._csAnim = null; }
 
         // Skip animation when user prefers reduced motion
         if (_reducedMotion.matches) {
@@ -454,11 +661,11 @@ export class CardSection {
                 [{ height: h + 'px', opacity: 1 }, { height: '0px', opacity: 0 }],
                 { duration: 200, easing: 'ease-in-out' }
             );
-            content._csAnim = anim;
+            (content as any)._csAnim = anim;
             anim.onfinish = () => {
                 content.style.display = 'none';
                 content.style.overflow = '';
-                content._csAnim = null;
+                (content as any)._csAnim = null;
             };
         } else {
             // Intentional forced layout: reading scrollHeight after setting display=''
@@ -470,17 +677,17 @@ export class CardSection {
                 [{ height: '0px', opacity: 0 }, { height: h + 'px', opacity: 1 }],
                 { duration: 200, easing: 'ease-in-out' }
             );
-            content._csAnim = anim;
+            (content as any)._csAnim = anim;
             anim.onfinish = () => {
                 content.style.overflow = '';
-                content._csAnim = null;
+                (content as any)._csAnim = null;
             };
         }
     }
 
-    _applyFilter(content, query) {
-        const cards = content.querySelectorAll('.card, .template-card:not(.add-template-card)');
-        const addCard = content.querySelector('.cs-add-card');
+    _applyFilter(content: HTMLElement, query: string) {
+        const cards = content.querySelectorAll('.card, .template-card:not(.add-template-card)') as NodeListOf<HTMLElement>;
+        const addCard = content.querySelector('.cs-add-card') as HTMLElement | null;
         const countEl = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-toggle="${this.sectionKey}"] .cs-count`);
         const total = cards.length;
 
@@ -488,7 +695,7 @@ export class CardSection {
             content.classList.remove('cs-filtering');
             cards.forEach(card => { card.style.display = ''; });
             if (addCard) addCard.style.display = '';
-            if (countEl) countEl.textContent = total;
+            if (countEl) countEl.textContent = String(total);
             return;
         }
         content.classList.add('cs-filtering');
@@ -499,7 +706,7 @@ export class CardSection {
         let visible = 0;
 
         cards.forEach(card => {
-            const text = card.dataset.search || card.textContent.toLowerCase();
+            const text = card.dataset.search || card.textContent!.toLowerCase();
             // Each group must have at least one matching term (AND of ORs)
             const match = groups.every(orTerms => orTerms.some(term => text.includes(term)));
             card.style.display = match ? '' : 'none';
@@ -512,7 +719,7 @@ export class CardSection {
 
     // ── drag-and-drop reordering ──
 
-    _injectDragHandles(content) {
+    _injectDragHandles(content: HTMLElement) {
         const cards = content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`);
         cards.forEach(card => {
             if (card.querySelector('.card-drag-handle')) return;
@@ -524,15 +731,15 @@ export class CardSection {
         });
     }
 
-    _initDrag(content) {
+    _initDrag(content: HTMLElement) {
         if (this._dragBound) return;
         this._dragBound = true;
 
-        content.addEventListener('pointerdown', (e) => {
+        content.addEventListener('pointerdown', (e: PointerEvent) => {
             if (this._filterValue) return;
-            const handle = e.target.closest('.card-drag-handle');
+            const handle = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest('.card-drag-handle');
             if (!handle) return;
-            const card = handle.closest(`[${this.keyAttr}]`);
+            const card = handle.closest(`[${this.keyAttr}]`) as HTMLElement | null;
             if (!card) return;
 
             e.preventDefault();
@@ -547,18 +754,20 @@ export class CardSection {
                 scrollRaf: null,
             };
 
-            const onMove = (ev) => this._onDragMove(ev);
-            const onUp = (ev) => {
+            const onMove = (ev: PointerEvent) => this._onDragMove(ev);
+            const cleanup = () => {
                 document.removeEventListener('pointermove', onMove);
-                document.removeEventListener('pointerup', onUp);
-                this._onDragEnd(ev);
+                document.removeEventListener('pointerup', cleanup);
+                document.removeEventListener('pointercancel', cleanup);
+                this._onDragEnd();
             };
             document.addEventListener('pointermove', onMove);
-            document.addEventListener('pointerup', onUp);
+            document.addEventListener('pointerup', cleanup);
+            document.addEventListener('pointercancel', cleanup);
         });
     }
 
-    _onDragMove(e) {
+    _onDragMove(e: PointerEvent) {
         const ds = this._dragState;
         if (!ds) return;
 
@@ -573,28 +782,36 @@ export class CardSection {
         ds.clone.style.left = (e.clientX - ds.offsetX) + 'px';
         ds.clone.style.top = (e.clientY - ds.offsetY) + 'px';
 
-        // Only move placeholder when cursor enters a card's rect
-        const { card: target, before } = this._getDropTarget(e.clientX, e.clientY, ds.content);
-        if (!target) return; // cursor is in a gap — keep placeholder where it is
-        if (target === ds.lastTarget && before === ds.lastBefore) return; // same position
-        ds.lastTarget = target;
-        ds.lastBefore = before;
+        // Find which card the pointer is over — only move placeholder on hit
+        const hit = this._hitTestCard(e.clientX, e.clientY, ds);
+        if (hit) {
+            const r = hit.getBoundingClientRect();
+            const before = e.clientX < r.left + r.width / 2;
+            // Track both target card and direction to avoid dead zones at last card
+            if (hit !== ds._lastHit || before !== ds._lastBefore) {
+                ds._lastHit = hit;
+                ds._lastBefore = before;
                 if (before) {
-            ds.content.insertBefore(ds.placeholder, target);
+                    ds.content.insertBefore(ds.placeholder, hit);
+                } else if (hit.nextElementSibling && hit.nextElementSibling.hasAttribute(this.keyAttr)) {
+                    ds.content.insertBefore(ds.placeholder, hit.nextElementSibling);
                 } else {
-            ds.content.insertBefore(ds.placeholder, target.nextSibling);
+                    // Last card in grid — insert after it but before add-button
+                    hit.after(ds.placeholder);
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         // Auto-scroll near viewport edges
         this._autoScroll(e.clientY, ds);
     }
 
-    _startDrag(ds, e) {
+    _startDrag(ds: any, e: PointerEvent) {
         ds.started = true;
         const rect = ds.card.getBoundingClientRect();
 
         // Clone for visual drag
-        const clone = ds.card.cloneNode(true);
+        const clone = ds.card.cloneNode(true) as HTMLElement;
         clone.className = ds.card.className + ' card-drag-clone';
         clone.style.width = rect.width + 'px';
         clone.style.height = rect.height + 'px';
@@ -615,17 +832,13 @@ export class CardSection {
 
         // Hide original
         ds.card.style.display = 'none';
-        ds.content.classList.add('cs-dragging');
         document.body.classList.add('cs-drag-active');
 
-        // Cache card bounding rects for the duration of the drag
-        this._cachedCardRects = this._buildCardRectCache(ds.content);
     }
 
     _onDragEnd() {
         const ds = this._dragState;
         this._dragState = null;
-        this._cachedCardRects = null;
         if (!ds || !ds.started) return;
 
         // Cancel auto-scroll
@@ -636,7 +849,6 @@ export class CardSection {
         ds.card.style.display = '';
         ds.placeholder.remove();
         ds.clone.remove();
-        ds.content.classList.remove('cs-dragging');
         document.body.classList.remove('cs-drag-active');
 
         // Save new order from DOM
@@ -651,32 +863,30 @@ export class CardSection {
         }
     }
 
-    _buildCardRectCache(content) {
-        const cards = content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`);
-        const rects = [];
+    /**
+     * Point-in-rect hit test: find which card the pointer is directly over.
+     * Only triggers placeholder move when cursor is inside a card — dragging
+     * over gaps keeps the placeholder in its last position.
+     */
+    _hitTestCard(x: number, y: number, ds: any): HTMLElement | null {
+        const cards = ds.content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`) as NodeListOf<HTMLElement>;
         for (const card of cards) {
+            if (card === ds.card) continue;
             if (card.style.display === 'none') continue;
-            rects.push({ card, rect: card.getBoundingClientRect() });
-        }
-        return rects;
-    }
-
-    _getDropTarget(x, y, content) {
-        const rects = this._cachedCardRects || [];
-        for (const { card, rect: r } of rects) {
+            const r = card.getBoundingClientRect();
             if (x >= r.left && x <= r.right && y >= r.top && y <= r.bottom) {
-                return { card, before: x < r.left + r.width / 2 };
+                return card;
             }
         }
-        return { card: null, before: false };
+        return null;
     }
 
-    _readDomOrder(content) {
+    _readDomOrder(content: HTMLElement) {
         return [...content.querySelectorAll(`[${this.keyAttr}]`)]
             .map(el => el.getAttribute(this.keyAttr));
     }
 
-    _autoScroll(clientY, ds) {
+    _autoScroll(clientY: number, ds: any) {
         if (ds.scrollRaf) cancelAnimationFrame(ds.scrollRaf);
         const vp = window.innerHeight;
         let speed = 0;

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/chart-utils.ts

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
  * @param {number} [opts.maxHwFps]   hardware max FPS — draws a dashed reference line
  * @returns {Chart|null}
  */
-export function createFpsSparkline(canvasId, actualHistory, currentHistory, fpsTarget, opts = {}) {
+export function createFpsSparkline(canvasId: string, actualHistory: number[], currentHistory: number[], fpsTarget: number, opts: any = {}) {
     const canvas = document.getElementById(canvasId);
     if (!canvas) return null;
 
-    const datasets = [
+    const datasets: any[] = [
         {
             data: [...actualHistory],
             borderColor: '#2196F3',

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/color-picker.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Reusable color-picker popover.
  *
  * Usage:
- *   import { createColorPicker } from '../core/color-picker.js';
+ *   import { createColorPicker } from '../core/color-picker.ts';
  *   const html = createColorPicker({
  *       id: 'my-picker',
  *       currentColor: '#4CAF50',
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
  * Call `closeAllColorPickers()` to dismiss any open popover.
  */
 
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
 
 const PRESETS = [
     '#4CAF50', '#7C4DFF', '#FF6D00',
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ const PRESETS = [
 /**
  * Build the HTML string for a color-picker widget.
  */
-export function createColorPicker({ id, currentColor, onPick, anchor = 'right', showReset = false, resetColor = '#808080' }) {
+export function createColorPicker({ id, currentColor, onPick, anchor = 'right', showReset = false, resetColor = '#808080' }: { id: string; currentColor: string; onPick?: string; anchor?: string; showReset?: boolean; resetColor?: string }) {
     const dots = PRESETS.map(c => {
         const active = c.toLowerCase() === currentColor.toLowerCase() ? ' active' : '';
         return `<button class="color-picker-dot${active}" style="background:${c}" aria-label="${c}" onclick="event.stopPropagation(); window._cpPick('${id}','${c}')"></button>`;
@@ -56,14 +56,14 @@ export function createColorPicker({ id, currentColor, onPick, anchor = 'right',
 // -- Global helpers called from onclick attributes --
 
 // Merge any callbacks pre-registered before this module loaded (e.g. accent picker in index.html)
-const _callbacks = Object.assign({}, window._cpCallbacks || {});
+const _callbacks: Record<string, (hex: string) => void> = Object.assign({}, window._cpCallbacks || {});
 
 /** Register the callback for a picker id. */
-export function registerColorPicker(id, callback) {
+export function registerColorPicker(id: string, callback: (hex: string) => void) {
     _callbacks[id] = callback;
 }
 
-function _rgbToHex(rgb) {
+function _rgbToHex(rgb: string) {
     const m = rgb.match(/\d+/g);
     if (!m || m.length < 3) return rgb;
     return '#' + m.slice(0, 3).map(n => parseInt(n).toString(16).padStart(2, '0')).join('');
@@ -71,9 +71,9 @@ function _rgbToHex(rgb) {
 
 window._cpToggle = function (id) {
     // Close all other pickers first (and drop their card elevation)
-    document.querySelectorAll('.color-picker-popover').forEach(p => {
+    document.querySelectorAll('.color-picker-popover').forEach((p: Element) => {
         if (p.id !== `cp-pop-${id}`) {
-            _cpClosePopover(p);
+            _cpClosePopover(p as HTMLElement);
         }
     });
     const pop = document.getElementById(`cp-pop-${id}`);
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ window._cpToggle = function (id) {
     // to avoid any parent overflow/containment/positioning issues.
     const isMobile = window.innerWidth <= 768 || ('ontouchstart' in window);
     if (isMobile && pop.parentElement !== document.body) {
-        pop._cpOrigParent = pop.parentElement;
-        pop._cpOrigNext = pop.nextSibling;
+        (pop as any)._cpOrigParent = pop.parentElement;
+        (pop as any)._cpOrigNext = pop.nextSibling;
         document.body.appendChild(pop);
     }
     if (isMobile) {
@@ -113,14 +113,15 @@ window._cpToggle = function (id) {
     // Mark active dot
     const swatch = document.getElementById(`cp-swatch-${id}`);
     const cur = swatch ? (_rgbToHex(swatch.style.backgroundColor) || swatch.style.background) : '';
-    pop.querySelectorAll('.color-picker-dot').forEach(d => {
-        const dHex = _rgbToHex(d.style.backgroundColor || d.style.background);
-        d.classList.toggle('active', dHex.toLowerCase() === cur.toLowerCase());
+    pop.querySelectorAll('.color-picker-dot').forEach((d: Element) => {
+        const el = d as HTMLElement;
+        const dHex = _rgbToHex(el.style.backgroundColor || el.style.background);
+        el.classList.toggle('active', dHex.toLowerCase() === cur.toLowerCase());
     });
 };
 
 /** Reset popover positioning and close. */
-function _cpClosePopover(pop) {
+function _cpClosePopover(pop: HTMLElement) {
     pop.style.display = 'none';
     if (pop.classList.contains('cp-fixed')) {
         pop.classList.remove('cp-fixed');
@@ -135,14 +136,17 @@ function _cpClosePopover(pop) {
         pop.style.width = '';
         pop.style.zIndex = '';
         // Return popover to its original parent
-        if (pop._cpOrigParent) {
-            pop._cpOrigParent.insertBefore(pop, pop._cpOrigNext || null);
-            delete pop._cpOrigParent;
-            delete pop._cpOrigNext;
+        if ((pop as any)._cpOrigParent) {
+            (pop as any)._cpOrigParent.insertBefore(pop, (pop as any)._cpOrigNext || null);
+            delete (pop as any)._cpOrigParent;
+            delete (pop as any)._cpOrigNext;
         }
     }
     const card = pop.closest('.card, .template-card');
     if (card) card.classList.remove('cp-elevated');
+    // Remove graph color picker overlay (swatch + popover wrapper)
+    const graphOverlay = pop.closest('.graph-cp-overlay');
+    if (graphOverlay) graphOverlay.remove();
 }
 
 window._cpPick = function (id, hex) {
@@ -150,14 +154,15 @@ window._cpPick = function (id, hex) {
     const swatch = document.getElementById(`cp-swatch-${id}`);
     if (swatch) swatch.style.background = hex;
     // Update native input
-    const native = document.getElementById(`cp-native-${id}`);
+    const native = document.getElementById(`cp-native-${id}`) as HTMLInputElement | null;
     if (native) native.value = hex;
     // Mark active dot and close
     const pop = document.getElementById(`cp-pop-${id}`);
     if (pop) {
-        pop.querySelectorAll('.color-picker-dot').forEach(d => {
-            const dHex = _rgbToHex(d.style.backgroundColor || d.style.background);
-            d.classList.toggle('active', dHex.toLowerCase() === hex.toLowerCase());
+        pop.querySelectorAll('.color-picker-dot').forEach((d: Element) => {
+            const el = d as HTMLElement;
+            const dHex = _rgbToHex(el.style.backgroundColor || el.style.background);
+            el.classList.toggle('active', dHex.toLowerCase() === hex.toLowerCase());
         });
         _cpClosePopover(pop);
     }
@@ -165,7 +170,7 @@ window._cpPick = function (id, hex) {
     if (_callbacks[id]) _callbacks[id](hex);
 };
 
-window._cpReset = function (id, resetColor) {
+window._cpReset = function (id: string, resetColor: string) {
     // Reset swatch to neutral color
     const swatch = document.getElementById(`cp-swatch-${id}`);
     if (swatch) swatch.style.background = resetColor;
@@ -180,7 +185,7 @@ window._cpReset = function (id, resetColor) {
 };
 
 export function closeAllColorPickers() {
-    document.querySelectorAll('.color-picker-popover').forEach(p => _cpClosePopover(p));
+    document.querySelectorAll('.color-picker-popover').forEach(p => _cpClosePopover(p as HTMLElement));
 }
 
 // Close on outside click

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/command-palette.ts

@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@
  * Command Palette — global search & navigation (Ctrl+K / Cmd+K).
  */
 
-import { fetchWithAuth, escapeHtml } from './api.js';
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
-import { navigateToCard } from './navigation.js';
+import { fetchWithAuth, escapeHtml } from './api.ts';
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
+import { navigateToCard } from './navigation.ts';
 import {
     getTargetTypeIcon, getPictureSourceIcon, getColorStripIcon, getAudioSourceIcon,
     ICON_DEVICE, ICON_TARGET, ICON_AUTOMATION, ICON_VALUE_SOURCE, ICON_SCENE,
     ICON_CAPTURE_TEMPLATE, ICON_PP_TEMPLATE, ICON_PATTERN_TEMPLATE, ICON_CSPT, ICON_CLOCK,
-} from './icons.js';
-import { getCardColor } from './card-colors.js';
-import { graphNavigateToNode } from '../features/graph-editor.js';
-import { showToast } from './ui.js';
+} from './icons.ts';
+import { getCardColor } from './card-colors.ts';
+import { graphNavigateToNode } from '../features/graph-editor.ts';
+import { showToast } from './ui.ts';
 
 let _isOpen = false;
-let _items = [];
-let _filtered = [];
+let _items: any[] = [];
+let _filtered: any[] = [];
 let _selectedIdx = 0;
 let _loading = false;
 
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ const _streamSubTab = {
     static_image: { sub: 'static_image', section: 'static-streams' },
 };
 
-function _mapEntities(data, mapFn) {
+function _mapEntities(data: any, mapFn: (item: any) => any) {
     if (Array.isArray(data)) return data.map(mapFn).filter(Boolean);
     return [];
 }
 
-function _buildItems(results, states = {}) {
+function _buildItems(results: any[], states: any = {}) {
     const [devices, targets, css, automations, capTempl, ppTempl, patTempl, audioSrc, valSrc, streams, scenePresets, csptTemplates, syncClocks] = results;
     const items = [];
 
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ function _buildItems(results, states = {}) {
                 name: tgt.name, detail: t('search.action.stop'), group: 'actions', icon: '■',
                 action: async () => {
                     const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/output-targets/${tgt.id}/stop`, { method: 'POST' });
-                    if (resp.ok) showToast(t('device.stopped'), 'success');
-                    else showToast(t('target.error.stop_failed'), 'error');
+                    if (resp.ok) { showToast(t('device.stopped'), 'success'); }
+                    else { const err = await resp.json().catch(() => ({})); const d = err.detail || err.message || ''; const ds = Array.isArray(d) ? d.map(x => x.msg || x).join('; ') : String(d); showToast(ds || t('target.error.stop_failed'), 'error'); }
                 },
             });
         } else {
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ function _buildItems(results, states = {}) {
                 name: tgt.name, detail: t('search.action.start'), group: 'actions', icon: '▶',
                 action: async () => {
                     const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/output-targets/${tgt.id}/start`, { method: 'POST' });
-                    if (resp.ok) showToast(t('device.started'), 'success');
-                    else showToast(t('target.error.start_failed'), 'error');
+                    if (resp.ok) { showToast(t('device.started'), 'success'); }
+                    else { const err = await resp.json().catch(() => ({})); const d = err.detail || err.message || ''; const ds = Array.isArray(d) ? d.map(x => x.msg || x).join('; ') : String(d); showToast(ds || t('target.error.start_failed'), 'error'); }
                 },
             });
         }
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ function _buildItems(results, states = {}) {
                 name: a.name, detail: t('search.action.disable'), group: 'actions', icon: ICON_AUTOMATION,
                 action: async () => {
                     const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/automations/${a.id}/disable`, { method: 'POST' });
-                    if (resp.ok) showToast(t('search.action.disable') + ': ' + a.name, 'success');
-                    else showToast(t('search.action.disable') + ' failed', 'error');
+                    if (resp.ok) { showToast(t('search.action.disable') + ': ' + a.name, 'success'); }
+                    else { const err = await resp.json().catch(() => ({})); const d = err.detail || err.message || ''; const ds = Array.isArray(d) ? d.map(x => x.msg || x).join('; ') : String(d); showToast(ds || (t('search.action.disable') + ' failed'), 'error'); }
                 },
             });
         } else {
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ function _buildItems(results, states = {}) {
                 name: a.name, detail: t('search.action.enable'), group: 'actions', icon: ICON_AUTOMATION,
                 action: async () => {
                     const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/automations/${a.id}/enable`, { method: 'POST' });
-                    if (resp.ok) showToast(t('search.action.enable') + ': ' + a.name, 'success');
-                    else showToast(t('search.action.enable') + ' failed', 'error');
+                    if (resp.ok) { showToast(t('search.action.enable') + ': ' + a.name, 'success'); }
+                    else { const err = await resp.json().catch(() => ({})); const d = err.detail || err.message || ''; const ds = Array.isArray(d) ? d.map(x => x.msg || x).join('; ') : String(d); showToast(ds || (t('search.action.enable') + ' failed'), 'error'); }
                 },
             });
         }
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ function _buildItems(results, states = {}) {
             name: sp.name, detail: t('search.action.activate'), group: 'actions', icon: '⚡',
             action: async () => {
                 const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/scene-presets/${sp.id}/activate`, { method: 'POST' });
-                if (resp.ok) showToast(t('scenes.activated'), 'success');
-                else showToast(t('scenes.error.activate_failed'), 'error');
+                if (resp.ok) { showToast(t('scenes.activated'), 'success'); }
+                else { const err = await resp.json().catch(() => ({})); const d = err.detail || err.message || ''; const ds = Array.isArray(d) ? d.map(x => x.msg || x).join('; ') : String(d); showToast(ds || t('scenes.error.activate_failed'), 'error'); }
             },
         });
     });
@@ -193,12 +193,12 @@ async function _fetchAllEntities() {
     const [statesData, ...results] = await Promise.all([
         fetchWithAuth('/output-targets/batch/states', { retry: false, timeout: 5000 })
             .then(r => r.ok ? r.json() : {})
-            .then(data => data.states || {})
+            .then((data: any) => data.states || {})
             .catch(() => ({})),
         ..._responseKeys.map(([ep, key]) =>
-            fetchWithAuth(ep, { retry: false, timeout: 5000 })
-                .then(r => r.ok ? r.json() : {})
-                .then(data => data[key] || [])
+            fetchWithAuth(ep as string, { retry: false, timeout: 5000 })
+                .then((r: any) => r.ok ? r.json() : {})
+                .then((data: any) => data[key as string] || [])
                 .catch(() => [])),
     ]);
     return _buildItems(results, statesData);
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ const _groupRank = new Map(_groupOrder.map((g, i) => [g, i]));
 
 // ─── Filtering ───
 
-function _filterItems(query) {
+function _filterItems(query: string) {
     let result = _items;
     if (query) {
         const lower = query.toLowerCase();
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ function _render() {
     _scrollActive(results);
 }
 
-function _scrollActive(container) {
+function _scrollActive(container: HTMLElement) {
     const active = container.querySelector('.cp-active');
     if (active) active.scrollIntoView({ block: 'nearest' });
 }
@@ -293,10 +293,10 @@ export async function openCommandPalette() {
     _isOpen = true;
     _selectedIdx = 0;
 
-    const overlay = document.getElementById('command-palette');
-    const input = document.getElementById('cp-input');
+    const overlay = document.getElementById('command-palette')!;
+    const input = document.getElementById('cp-input') as HTMLInputElement;
     overlay.style.display = '';
-    document.body.classList.add('modal-open');
+    document.documentElement.classList.add('modal-open');
     input.value = '';
     input.placeholder = t('search.placeholder');
     _loading = true;
@@ -316,9 +316,9 @@ export async function openCommandPalette() {
 export function closeCommandPalette() {
     if (!_isOpen) return;
     _isOpen = false;
-    const overlay = document.getElementById('command-palette');
+    const overlay = document.getElementById('command-palette')!;
     overlay.style.display = 'none';
-    document.body.classList.remove('modal-open');
+    document.documentElement.classList.remove('modal-open');
     _items = [];
     _filtered = [];
 }
@@ -326,13 +326,13 @@ export function closeCommandPalette() {
 // ─── Event handlers ───
 
 function _onInput() {
-    const input = document.getElementById('cp-input');
+    const input = document.getElementById('cp-input') as HTMLInputElement;
     _filtered = _filterItems(input.value.trim());
     _selectedIdx = 0;
     _render();
 }
 
-function _onKeydown(e) {
+function _onKeydown(e: KeyboardEvent) {
     if (!_isOpen) return;
     if (e.key === 'ArrowDown') {
         e.preventDefault();
@@ -352,14 +352,14 @@ function _onKeydown(e) {
     }
 }
 
-function _onClick(e) {
-    const row = e.target.closest('.cp-result');
+function _onClick(e: Event) {
+    const row = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest('.cp-result') as HTMLElement | null;
     if (row) {
         _selectedIdx = parseInt(row.dataset.cpIdx, 10);
         _selectCurrent();
         return;
     }
-    if (e.target.classList.contains('cp-backdrop')) {
+    if ((e.target as HTMLElement).classList.contains('cp-backdrop')) {
         closeCommandPalette();
     }
 }
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ function _selectCurrent() {
         const entityId = item.nav[4]; // last element is always entity ID
         if (graphNavigateToNode(entityId)) return;
     }
-    navigateToCard(...item.nav);
+    navigateToCard(...(item.nav as [string, string | null, string | null, string, string]));
 }
 
 // ─── Initialization ───
@@ -389,8 +389,8 @@ export function initCommandPalette() {
     const overlay = document.getElementById('command-palette');
     if (!overlay) return;
 
-    const input = document.getElementById('cp-input');
+    const input = document.getElementById('cp-input')!;
     input.addEventListener('input', _onInput);
-    input.addEventListener('keydown', _onKeydown);
+    input.addEventListener('keydown', _onKeydown as EventListener);
     overlay.addEventListener('click', _onClick);
 }

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/entity-events.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import {
     syncClocksCache, automationsCacheObj, scenePresetsCache,
     captureTemplatesCache, audioTemplatesCache, ppTemplatesCache,
     patternTemplatesCache,
-} from './state.js';
+} from './state.ts';
 
 /** Maps entity_type string from the server event to its DataCache instance. */
 const ENTITY_CACHE_MAP = {
@@ -30,11 +30,51 @@ const ENTITY_CACHE_MAP = {
     pattern_template:   patternTemplatesCache,
 };
 
+/** Maps entity_type to the window load function that refreshes its UI. */
+const ENTITY_LOADER_MAP = {
+    device:             'loadTargetsTab',
+    output_target:      'loadTargetsTab',
+    color_strip_source: 'loadTargetsTab',
+    pattern_template:   'loadTargetsTab',
+    picture_source:     'loadPictureSources',
+    audio_source:       'loadPictureSources',
+    value_source:       'loadPictureSources',
+    sync_clock:         'loadPictureSources',
+    capture_template:   'loadPictureSources',
+    audio_template:     'loadPictureSources',
+    pp_template:        'loadPictureSources',
+    automation:         'loadAutomations',
+    scene_preset:       'loadAutomations',
+};
+
+/** Debounce timers per loader function name — coalesces rapid WS events and
+ *  avoids a redundant re-render when the local save handler already triggered one. */
+const _loaderTimers = {};
+const _LOADER_DEBOUNCE_MS = 600;
+
 function _invalidateAndReload(entityType) {
     const cache = ENTITY_CACHE_MAP[entityType];
-    if (cache) {
-        cache.fetch({ force: true });
+    if (!cache) return;
+
+    const oldData = cache.data;
+    cache.fetch({ force: true }).then((newData) => {
+        // Skip UI refresh if the data didn't actually change —
+        // the local save handler already refreshed the UI.
+        if (oldData === newData) return;
+        if (Array.isArray(oldData) && Array.isArray(newData) &&
+            oldData.length === newData.length &&
+            JSON.stringify(oldData) === JSON.stringify(newData)) return;
+
+        const loader = ENTITY_LOADER_MAP[entityType];
+        if (loader) {
+            clearTimeout(_loaderTimers[loader]);
+            _loaderTimers[loader] = setTimeout(() => {
+                delete _loaderTimers[loader];
+                if (typeof (window as any)[loader] === 'function') (window as any)[loader]();
+            }, _LOADER_DEBOUNCE_MS);
         }
+    });
+
     document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('entity:reload', {
         detail: { entity_type: entityType },
     }));

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/entity-palette.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Command-palette style entity selector.
  *
  * Usage:
- *   import { EntityPalette, EntitySelect } from '../core/entity-palette.js';
+ *   import { EntityPalette, EntitySelect } from '../core/entity-palette.ts';
  *
  *   // Direct use (promise-based):
  *   const value = await EntityPalette.pick({
@@ -24,18 +24,44 @@
  * Call sel.refresh() after repopulating the <select>, sel.destroy() to remove.
  */
 
-import { ICON_SEARCH } from './icons.js';
+import { ICON_SEARCH } from './icons.ts';
+import type { IconSelectItem } from './icon-select.ts';
 
 // ── EntityPalette (singleton modal) ─────────────────────────
 
-let _instance = null;
+export interface EntitySelectOpts {
+    target: HTMLSelectElement;
+    getItems: () => IconSelectItem[];
+    placeholder?: string;
+    onChange?: (value: string) => void;
+    allowNone?: boolean;
+    noneLabel?: string;
+}
+
+interface EntityPalettePickOpts {
+    items?: IconSelectItem[];
+    current?: string;
+    placeholder?: string;
+    allowNone?: boolean;
+    noneLabel?: string;
+}
+
+let _instance: EntityPalette | null = null;
 
 export class EntityPalette {
-    /**
-     * Open the palette and return a promise.
-     * Resolves to selected value (string) or undefined if cancelled.
-     */
-    static pick(opts) {
+    _overlay: HTMLDivElement;
+    _input: HTMLInputElement;
+    _list: HTMLDivElement;
+    _resolve: ((value: string | undefined) => void) | null;
+    _items: IconSelectItem[];
+    _filtered: (IconSelectItem & { _isNone?: boolean })[];
+    _highlightIdx: number;
+    _currentValue: string | undefined;
+    _allowNone: boolean;
+    _noneLabel: string;
+
+    /** Open the palette and return a promise. Resolves to selected value or undefined if cancelled. */
+    static pick(opts: EntityPalettePickOpts) {
         if (!_instance) _instance = new EntityPalette();
         return _instance._pick(opts);
     }
@@ -54,12 +80,15 @@ export class EntityPalette {
         `;
         document.body.appendChild(this._overlay);
 
-        this._input = this._overlay.querySelector('.entity-palette-input');
-        this._list = this._overlay.querySelector('.entity-palette-list');
+        this._input = this._overlay.querySelector('.entity-palette-input') as HTMLInputElement;
+        this._list = this._overlay.querySelector('.entity-palette-list') as HTMLDivElement;
         this._resolve = null;
         this._items = [];
         this._filtered = [];
         this._highlightIdx = 0;
+        this._currentValue = undefined;
+        this._allowNone = false;
+        this._noneLabel = '';
 
         this._overlay.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
             if (e.target === this._overlay) this._cancel();
@@ -68,7 +97,7 @@ export class EntityPalette {
         this._input.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => this._onKeyDown(e));
     }
 
-    _pick({ items, current, placeholder, allowNone, noneLabel }) {
+    _pick({ items, current, placeholder, allowNone, noneLabel }: EntityPalettePickOpts) {
         return new Promise(resolve => {
             this._resolve = resolve;
             this._items = items || [];
@@ -86,8 +115,8 @@ export class EntityPalette {
         });
     }
 
-    _buildFullList() {
-        const all = [];
+    _buildFullList(): (IconSelectItem & { _isNone?: boolean })[] {
+        const all: (IconSelectItem & { _isNone?: boolean })[] = [];
         if (this._allowNone) {
             all.push({ value: '', label: this._noneLabel || '—', icon: '', desc: '', _isNone: true });
         }
@@ -131,7 +160,7 @@ export class EntityPalette {
         // Click handlers
         this._list.querySelectorAll('.entity-palette-item').forEach(el => {
             el.addEventListener('click', () => {
-                this._select(this._filtered[parseInt(el.dataset.idx)]);
+                this._select(this._filtered[parseInt((el as HTMLElement).dataset.idx!)]);
             });
         });
 
@@ -140,7 +169,7 @@ export class EntityPalette {
         if (hl) hl.scrollIntoView({ block: 'nearest' });
     }
 
-    _onKeyDown(e) {
+    _onKeyDown(e: KeyboardEvent) {
         if (e.key === 'ArrowDown') {
             e.preventDefault();
             this._highlightIdx = Math.min(this._highlightIdx + 1, this._filtered.length - 1);
@@ -161,7 +190,7 @@ export class EntityPalette {
         }
     }
 
-    _select(item) {
+    _select(item: any) {
         this._overlay.classList.remove('open');
         if (this._resolve) this._resolve(item.value);
         this._resolve = null;
@@ -177,16 +206,16 @@ export class EntityPalette {
 // ── EntitySelect (wrapper around a <select>) ────────────────
 
 export class EntitySelect {
-    /**
-     * @param {Object} opts
-     * @param {HTMLSelectElement} opts.target      - the <select> to enhance
-     * @param {Function}         opts.getItems     - () => Array<{value, label, icon?, desc?}>
-     * @param {string}           [opts.placeholder] - palette search placeholder
-     * @param {Function}         [opts.onChange]    - called with (value) after selection
-     * @param {boolean}          [opts.allowNone]   - show a "None" entry at the top
-     * @param {string}           [opts.noneLabel]   - label for the None entry
-     */
-    constructor({ target, getItems, placeholder, onChange, allowNone, noneLabel }) {
+    _select: HTMLSelectElement;
+    _getItems: () => IconSelectItem[];
+    _placeholder: string;
+    _onChange: ((value: string) => void) | null;
+    _allowNone: boolean;
+    _noneLabel: string;
+    _items: IconSelectItem[];
+    _trigger: HTMLButtonElement;
+
+    constructor({ target, getItems, placeholder, onChange, allowNone, noneLabel }: EntitySelectOpts) {
         this._select = target;
         this._getItems = getItems;
         this._placeholder = placeholder || '';
@@ -203,7 +232,7 @@ export class EntitySelect {
         this._trigger.type = 'button';
         this._trigger.className = 'entity-select-trigger';
         this._trigger.addEventListener('click', () => this._open());
-        this._select.parentNode.insertBefore(this._trigger, this._select.nextSibling);
+        this._select.parentNode!.insertBefore(this._trigger, this._select.nextSibling);
 
         this._syncTrigger();
     }
@@ -216,7 +245,7 @@ export class EntitySelect {
             placeholder: this._placeholder,
             allowNone: this._allowNone,
             noneLabel: this._noneLabel,
-        });
+        }) as string | undefined;
         if (value !== undefined) {
             this._select.value = value;
             this._syncTrigger();
@@ -248,7 +277,7 @@ export class EntitySelect {
     }
 
     /** Update the value programmatically (no change event). */
-    setValue(value) {
+    setValue(value: string) {
         this._select.value = value;
         this._syncTrigger();
     }

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/events-ws.ts

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@
  *   server:device_health_changed — device online/offline status change
  */
 
-import { apiKey } from './state.js';
+import { apiKey } from './state.ts';
 
-let _ws = null;
-let _reconnectTimer = null;
+let _ws: WebSocket | null = null;
+let _reconnectTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
 let _reconnectDelay = 1000;  // start at 1s, exponential backoff to 30s
 const _RECONNECT_MIN = 1000;
 const _RECONNECT_MAX = 30000;

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/filter-list.ts

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
  * parameterised by which filter array, filter definitions, DOM IDs, etc.
  */
 
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
-import { escapeHtml } from './api.js';
-import { IconSelect } from './icon-select.js';
-import * as P from './icon-paths.js';
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
+import { escapeHtml } from './api.ts';
+import { IconSelect } from './icon-select.ts';
+import * as P from './icon-paths.ts';
 
 const _FILTER_ICONS = {
     brightness:           P.sunDim,
@@ -30,22 +30,35 @@ const _FILTER_ICONS = {
 
 export { _FILTER_ICONS };
 
-/**
- * @param {Object} opts
- * @param {Function} opts.getFilters       - () => filtersArr (mutable reference)
- * @param {Function} opts.getFilterDefs    - () => filterDefs array
- * @param {Function} opts.getFilterName    - (filterId) => display name
- * @param {string}   opts.selectId         - DOM id of the <select> for adding filters
- * @param {string}   opts.containerId      - DOM id of the filter list container
- * @param {string}   opts.prefix           - handler prefix for onclick attrs: '' for PP, 'cspt' for CSPT
- * @param {string}   opts.editingIdInputId - DOM id of hidden input holding the editing template ID
- * @param {string}   opts.selfRefFilterId  - filter_id that should exclude self (e.g. 'filter_template')
- * @param {Function} [opts.autoNameFn]     - optional callback after add/remove to auto-generate name
- * @param {Function} [opts.initDrag]       - drag initializer fn(containerId, filtersArr, rerenderFn)
- * @param {Function} [opts.initPaletteGrids] - palette grid initializer fn(containerEl)
- */
+export interface FilterListOpts {
+    getFilters: () => any[];
+    getFilterDefs: () => any[];
+    getFilterName: (filterId: string) => string;
+    selectId: string;
+    containerId: string;
+    prefix: string;
+    editingIdInputId: string;
+    selfRefFilterId: string;
+    autoNameFn?: () => void;
+    initDrag?: (containerId: string, filtersArr: any[], rerenderFn: () => void) => void;
+    initPaletteGrids?: (containerEl: HTMLElement) => void;
+}
+
 export class FilterListManager {
-    constructor(opts) {
+    _getFilters: () => any[];
+    _getFilterDefs: () => any[];
+    _getFilterName: (filterId: string) => string;
+    _selectId: string;
+    _containerId: string;
+    _prefix: string;
+    _editingIdInputId: string;
+    _selfRefFilterId: string;
+    _autoNameFn: (() => void) | null;
+    _initDrag: ((containerId: string, filtersArr: any[], rerenderFn: () => void) => void) | null;
+    _initPaletteGrids: ((containerEl: HTMLElement) => void) | null;
+    _iconSelect: IconSelect | null;
+
+    constructor(opts: FilterListOpts) {
         this._getFilters = opts.getFilters;
         this._getFilterDefs = opts.getFilterDefs;
         this._getFilterName = opts.getFilterName;
@@ -63,12 +76,9 @@ export class FilterListManager {
     /** Get the current IconSelect instance (for external access if needed). */
     get iconSelect() { return this._iconSelect; }
 
-    /**
-     * Populate the filter <select> and attach/update IconSelect grid.
-     * @param {Function} onChangeCallback - called when user picks a filter from the icon grid
-     */
-    populateSelect(onChangeCallback) {
-        const select = document.getElementById(this._selectId);
+    /** Populate the filter <select> and attach/update IconSelect grid. */
+    populateSelect(onChangeCallback: (value: string) => void) {
+        const select = document.getElementById(this._selectId) as HTMLSelectElement;
         const filterDefs = this._getFilterDefs();
         select.innerHTML = `<option value="">${t('filters.select_type')}</option>`;
         const items = [];
@@ -100,7 +110,7 @@ export class FilterListManager {
      * Render the filter list into the container.
      */
     render() {
-        const container = document.getElementById(this._containerId);
+        const container = document.getElementById(this._containerId) as HTMLElement;
         const filtersArr = this._getFilters();
         const filterDefs = this._getFilterDefs();
 
@@ -156,7 +166,7 @@ export class FilterListManager {
                             </label>
                         </div>`;
                     } else if (opt.type === 'select' && Array.isArray(opt.choices)) {
-                        const editingId = document.getElementById(this._editingIdInputId)?.value || '';
+                        const editingId = (document.getElementById(this._editingIdInputId) as HTMLInputElement)?.value || '';
                         const filteredChoices = (fi.filter_id === this._selfRefFilterId && opt.key === 'template_id' && editingId)
                             ? opt.choices.filter(c => c.value !== editingId)
                             : opt.choices;
@@ -217,7 +227,7 @@ export class FilterListManager {
      * Add a filter from the select element into the filters array.
      */
     addFromSelect() {
-        const select = document.getElementById(this._selectId);
+        const select = document.getElementById(this._selectId) as HTMLSelectElement;
         const filterId = select.value;
         if (!filterId) return;
 
@@ -245,7 +255,7 @@ export class FilterListManager {
     /**
      * Toggle expand/collapse of a filter card.
      */
-    toggleExpand(index) {
+    toggleExpand(index: number) {
         const filtersArr = this._getFilters();
         if (filtersArr[index]) {
             filtersArr[index]._expanded = !filtersArr[index]._expanded;
@@ -256,19 +266,15 @@ export class FilterListManager {
     /**
      * Remove a filter at the given index.
      */
-    remove(index) {
+    remove(index: number) {
         const filtersArr = this._getFilters();
         filtersArr.splice(index, 1);
         this.render();
         if (this._autoNameFn) this._autoNameFn();
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Move a filter up or down by swapping with its neighbour.
-     * @param {number} index - current index
-     * @param {number} direction - -1 for up, +1 for down
-     */
-    move(index, direction) {
+    /** Move a filter up or down by swapping with its neighbour. */
+    move(index: number, direction: number) {
         const filtersArr = this._getFilters();
         const newIndex = index + direction;
         if (newIndex < 0 || newIndex >= filtersArr.length) return;
@@ -282,7 +288,7 @@ export class FilterListManager {
     /**
      * Update a single option value on a filter.
      */
-    updateOption(filterIndex, optionKey, value) {
+    updateOption(filterIndex: number, optionKey: string, value: any) {
         const filtersArr = this._getFilters();
         const filterDefs = this._getFilterDefs();
         if (filtersArr[filterIndex]) {

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/graph-canvas.ts

@@ -9,13 +9,43 @@ const PAN_DEAD_ZONE = 4; // px before drag starts
 const BOUNDS_MARGIN_FACTOR = 0.5; // allow panning half a viewport past data bounds
 
 export class GraphCanvas {
-    /**
-     * @param {SVGSVGElement} svg
-     */
-    constructor(svg) {
+    svg: SVGSVGElement;
+    root: SVGGElement;
+    blockPan: boolean;
+
+    private _vx: number;
+    private _vy: number;
+    private _zoom: number;
+    private _panning: boolean;
+    private _panPending: boolean;
+    private _panStart: { x: number; y: number } | null;
+    private _panViewStart: { x: number; y: number } | null;
+    private _listeners: any[];
+    private _onZoomChange: ((zoom: number) => void) | null;
+    private _onViewChange: ((viewport: any) => void) | null;
+    private _justPanned: boolean;
+    private _bounds: { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number } | null;
+    private _zoomVelocity: number;
+    private _zoomInertiaAnim: number | null;
+    private _lastWheelX: number;
+    private _lastWheelY: number;
+    private _pointers: Map<number, { x: number; y: number }>;
+    private _pinchStartDist: number;
+    private _pinchStartZoom: number;
+    private _pinchMidX: number;
+    private _pinchMidY: number;
+    private _lastTapTime: number;
+    private _lastTapX: number;
+    private _lastTapY: number;
+    private _isTouch: boolean;
+    private _zoomAnim: number | null;
+    private _resizeObs: ResizeObserver | null;
+    private _lastSvgRect: DOMRect;
+    private _panDeadZone: number;
+
+    constructor(svg: SVGSVGElement) {
         this.svg = svg;
-        /** @type {SVGGElement} */
-        this.root = svg.querySelector('.graph-root');
+        this.root = svg.querySelector('.graph-root') as SVGGElement;
         this._vx = 0;
         this._vy = 0;
         this._zoom = 1;
@@ -46,6 +76,10 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         this._lastTapX = 0;
         this._lastTapY = 0;
         this._isTouch = false;
+        this._zoomAnim = null;
+        this._resizeObs = null;
+        this._panDeadZone = PAN_DEAD_ZONE;
+        this._lastSvgRect = this.svg.getBoundingClientRect();
         this._bind();
     }
 
@@ -57,11 +91,11 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
     /** True briefly after a pan gesture ends — use to suppress click-after-pan. */
     get wasPanning() { return this._justPanned; }
 
-    set onZoomChange(fn) { this._onZoomChange = fn; }
-    set onViewChange(fn) { this._onViewChange = fn; }
+    set onZoomChange(fn: ((zoom: number) => void) | null) { this._onZoomChange = fn; }
+    set onViewChange(fn: ((viewport: any) => void) | null) { this._onViewChange = fn; }
 
     /** Set data bounds for view clamping. */
-    setBounds(bounds) { this._bounds = bounds; }
+    setBounds(bounds: { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number } | null) { this._bounds = bounds; }
 
     /** Get the visible viewport in graph coordinates. */
     getViewport() {
@@ -75,7 +109,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
     }
 
     /** Convert screen (client) coordinates to graph coordinates. */
-    screenToGraph(sx, sy) {
+    screenToGraph(sx: number, sy: number) {
         const r = this.svg.getBoundingClientRect();
         return {
             x: (sx - r.left) / this._zoom + this._vx,
@@ -84,7 +118,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
     }
 
     /** Set view to center on a point at current zoom. */
-    panTo(gx, gy, animate = true) {
+    panTo(gx: number, gy: number, animate = true) {
         const r = this.svg.getBoundingClientRect();
         this._vx = gx - (r.width / this._zoom) / 2;
         this._vy = gy - (r.height / this._zoom) / 2;
@@ -92,7 +126,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
     }
 
     /** Fit all content within the viewport with padding. */
-    fitAll(bounds, animate = true) {
+    fitAll(bounds: { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number } | null, animate = true) {
         if (!bounds) return;
         const r = this.svg.getBoundingClientRect();
         const pad = 60;
@@ -108,7 +142,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
     }
 
     /** Set zoom level centered on screen point. */
-    zoomTo(level, cx, cy) {
+    zoomTo(level: number, cx?: number, cy?: number) {
         const r = this.svg.getBoundingClientRect();
         const mx = cx !== undefined ? cx : r.width / 2 + r.left;
         const my = cy !== undefined ? cy : r.height / 2 + r.top;
@@ -126,7 +160,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
      * Interpolates the view center in graph-space so the target smoothly
      * slides to screen center while zoom changes simultaneously.
      */
-    zoomToPoint(level, gx, gy, duration = 500) {
+    zoomToPoint(level: number, gx: number, gy: number, duration = 500) {
         if (this._zoomAnim) cancelAnimationFrame(this._zoomAnim);
 
         const r = this.svg.getBoundingClientRect();
@@ -140,7 +174,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         const startCy = this._vy + hh / startZoom;
         const t0 = performance.now();
 
-        const step = (now) => {
+        const step = (now: number) => {
             const elapsed = now - t0;
             const p = Math.min(elapsed / duration, 1);
             // Ease-in-out cubic
@@ -169,7 +203,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
     zoomIn() { this._buttonZoomKick(0.06); }
     zoomOut() { this._buttonZoomKick(-0.06); }
 
-    _buttonZoomKick(impulse) {
+    _buttonZoomKick(impulse: number) {
         if (this._zoomAnim) { cancelAnimationFrame(this._zoomAnim); this._zoomAnim = null; }
         const r = this.svg.getBoundingClientRect();
         this._lastWheelX = r.left + r.width / 2;
@@ -190,7 +224,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
 
     // ── Private ──
 
-    _on(el, ev, fn, opts) {
+    _on(el: any, ev: string, fn: any, opts?: any) {
         el.addEventListener(ev, fn, opts);
         this._listeners.push([el, ev, fn, opts]);
     }
@@ -206,7 +240,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         this._resizeObs.observe(this.svg);
         this._lastSvgRect = this.svg.getBoundingClientRect();
         // Prevent default touch actions on the SVG (browser pan/zoom)
-        this.svg.style.touchAction = 'none';
+        (this.svg as any).style.touchAction = 'none';
     }
 
     _onResize() {
@@ -223,7 +257,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         this._applyTransform(false);
     }
 
-    _onWheel(e) {
+    _onWheel(e: WheelEvent) {
         e.preventDefault();
         if (this._zoomAnim) { cancelAnimationFrame(this._zoomAnim); this._zoomAnim = null; }
 
@@ -273,7 +307,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         return { x: (pts[0].x + pts[1].x) / 2, y: (pts[0].y + pts[1].y) / 2 };
     }
 
-    _onPointerDown(e) {
+    _onPointerDown(e: PointerEvent) {
         this._isTouch = e.pointerType === 'touch';
         const deadZone = this._isTouch ? 10 : PAN_DEAD_ZONE;
 
@@ -287,7 +321,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
             this.svg.classList.remove('panning');
             this._pinchStartDist = this._pointerDist();
             this._pinchStartZoom = this._zoom;
-            const mid = this._pointerMid();
+            const mid = this._pointerMid()!;
             this._pinchMidX = mid.x;
             this._pinchMidY = mid.y;
             this._panStart = { x: mid.x, y: mid.y };
@@ -307,7 +341,8 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
 
         // Left-click / single touch on SVG background → pending pan
         if (e.button === 0 && !this.blockPan) {
-            const onNode = e.target.closest('.graph-node');
+            const target = e.target as Element;
+            const onNode = target.closest('.graph-node');
             if (!onNode) {
                 this._panPending = true;
                 this._panDeadZone = deadZone;
@@ -317,7 +352,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         }
     }
 
-    _onPointerMove(e) {
+    _onPointerMove(e: PointerEvent) {
         // Update tracked pointer position
         if (this._pointers.has(e.pointerId)) {
             this._pointers.set(e.pointerId, { x: e.clientX, y: e.clientY });
@@ -328,16 +363,16 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
             const dist = this._pointerDist();
             const scale = dist / this._pinchStartDist;
             const newZoom = this._pinchStartZoom * scale;
-            const mid = this._pointerMid();
+            const mid = this._pointerMid()!;
 
             // Zoom around pinch midpoint
             this.zoomTo(newZoom, mid.x, mid.y);
 
             // Pan with pinch movement
-            const dx = (mid.x - this._panStart.x) / this._zoom;
-            const dy = (mid.y - this._panStart.y) / this._zoom;
-            this._vx = this._panViewStart.x - dx;
-            this._vy = this._panViewStart.y - dy;
+            const dx = (mid.x - this._panStart!.x) / this._zoom;
+            const dy = (mid.y - this._panStart!.y) / this._zoom;
+            this._vx = this._panViewStart!.x - dx;
+            this._vy = this._panViewStart!.y - dy;
             this._applyTransform(false);
             if (this._onZoomChange) this._onZoomChange(this._zoom);
             return;
@@ -346,8 +381,8 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         // Check dead-zone for pending single-finger pan
         const dz = this._panDeadZone || PAN_DEAD_ZONE;
         if (this._panPending && !this._panning) {
-            const dx = e.clientX - this._panStart.x;
-            const dy = e.clientY - this._panStart.y;
+            const dx = e.clientX - this._panStart!.x;
+            const dy = e.clientY - this._panStart!.y;
             if (Math.abs(dx) > dz || Math.abs(dy) > dz) {
                 this._panning = true;
                 this.svg.classList.add('panning');
@@ -356,14 +391,14 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         }
 
         if (!this._panning) return;
-        const dx = (e.clientX - this._panStart.x) / this._zoom;
-        const dy = (e.clientY - this._panStart.y) / this._zoom;
-        this._vx = this._panViewStart.x - dx;
-        this._vy = this._panViewStart.y - dy;
+        const dx = (e.clientX - this._panStart!.x) / this._zoom;
+        const dy = (e.clientY - this._panStart!.y) / this._zoom;
+        this._vx = this._panViewStart!.x - dx;
+        this._vy = this._panViewStart!.y - dy;
         this._applyTransform(false);
     }
 
-    _onPointerUp(e) {
+    _onPointerUp(e: PointerEvent) {
         this._pointers.delete(e.pointerId);
 
         // If we were pinching and one finger lifts, reset pinch state
@@ -409,7 +444,7 @@ export class GraphCanvas {
         }
     }
 
-    _startPan(e) {
+    _startPan(e: PointerEvent) {
         if (this._zoomAnim) { cancelAnimationFrame(this._zoomAnim); this._zoomAnim = null; }
         this._panning = true;
         this._panPending = false;

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/graph-connections.ts

@@ -3,11 +3,29 @@
  * Supports creating, changing, and detaching connections via the graph editor.
  */
 
-import { fetchWithAuth } from './api.js';
+import { fetchWithAuth } from './api.ts';
 import {
     streamsCache, colorStripSourcesCache, valueSourcesCache,
     audioSourcesCache, outputTargetsCache, automationsCacheObj,
-} from './state.js';
+} from './state.ts';
+
+/* ── Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+interface ConnectionEntry {
+    targetKind: string;
+    field: string;
+    sourceKind: string;
+    edgeType: string;
+    endpoint?: string;
+    cache?: { invalidate(): void };
+    nested?: boolean;
+}
+
+interface CompatibleInput {
+    targetKind: string;
+    field: string;
+    edgeType: string;
+}
 
 /**
  * Connection map: for each (targetKind, field) pair, defines:
@@ -17,7 +35,7 @@ import {
  *   - cache: the DataCache to invalidate after update
  *   - nested: true if this field is inside a nested structure (not editable via drag)
  */
-const CONNECTION_MAP = [
+const CONNECTION_MAP: ConnectionEntry[] = [
     // Picture sources
     { targetKind: 'picture_source', field: 'capture_template_id', sourceKind: 'capture_template', edgeType: 'template', endpoint: '/picture-sources/{id}', cache: streamsCache },
     { targetKind: 'picture_source', field: 'source_stream_id', sourceKind: 'picture_source', edgeType: 'picture', endpoint: '/picture-sources/{id}', cache: streamsCache },
@@ -59,7 +77,7 @@ const CONNECTION_MAP = [
 /**
  * Check if an edge (by field name) is editable via drag-connect.
  */
-export function isEditableEdge(field) {
+export function isEditableEdge(field: string): boolean {
     const entry = CONNECTION_MAP.find(c => c.field === field);
     return entry ? !entry.nested : false;
 }
@@ -68,7 +86,7 @@ export function isEditableEdge(field) {
  * Find the connection mapping for a given target kind and source kind.
  * Returns the matching entry (or entries) from CONNECTION_MAP.
  */
-export function findConnection(targetKind, sourceKind, edgeType) {
+export function findConnection(targetKind: string, sourceKind: string, edgeType?: string): ConnectionEntry[] {
     return CONNECTION_MAP.filter(c =>
         !c.nested &&
         c.targetKind === targetKind &&
@@ -81,7 +99,7 @@ export function findConnection(targetKind, sourceKind, edgeType) {
  * Find compatible input port fields for a given source kind.
  * Returns array of { targetKind, field, edgeType }.
  */
-export function getCompatibleInputs(sourceKind) {
+export function getCompatibleInputs(sourceKind: string): CompatibleInput[] {
     return CONNECTION_MAP
         .filter(c => !c.nested && c.sourceKind === sourceKind)
         .map(c => ({ targetKind: c.targetKind, field: c.field, edgeType: c.edgeType }));
@@ -90,7 +108,7 @@ export function getCompatibleInputs(sourceKind) {
 /**
  * Find the connection entry for a specific edge (by target kind and field).
  */
-export function getConnectionByField(targetKind, field) {
+export function getConnectionByField(targetKind: string, field: string): ConnectionEntry | undefined {
     return CONNECTION_MAP.find(c => c.targetKind === targetKind && c.field === field && !c.nested);
 }
 
@@ -102,7 +120,7 @@ export function getConnectionByField(targetKind, field) {
  * @param {string|null} newSourceId - New source ID, or '' to detach
  * @returns {Promise<boolean>} success
  */
-export async function updateConnection(targetId, targetKind, field, newSourceId) {
+export async function updateConnection(targetId: string, targetKind: string, field: string, newSourceId: string | null): Promise<boolean> {
     const entry = CONNECTION_MAP.find(c => c.targetKind === targetKind && c.field === field && !c.nested);
     if (!entry) return false;
 
@@ -126,7 +144,7 @@ export async function updateConnection(targetId, targetKind, field, newSourceId)
 /**
  * Detach a connection (set field to null via empty-string sentinel).
  */
-export async function detachConnection(targetId, targetKind, field) {
+export async function detachConnection(targetId: string, targetKind: string, field: string): Promise<boolean> {
     return updateConnection(targetId, targetKind, field, '');
 }
 

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/graph-edges.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,31 @@
 
 const SVG_NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg';
 
-function svgEl(tag, attrs = {}) {
+/* ── Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+interface GraphNodeRect {
+    x: number;
+    y: number;
+    width: number;
+    height: number;
+}
+
+interface GraphEdge {
+    from: string;
+    to: string;
+    type: string;
+    field?: string;
+    editable?: boolean;
+    points?: { x: number; y: number }[] | null;
+    fromNode?: GraphNodeRect;
+    toNode?: GraphNodeRect;
+    fromPortY?: number;
+    toPortY?: number;
+}
+
+function svgEl(tag: string, attrs: Record<string, string | number> = {}): SVGElement {
     const el = document.createElementNS(SVG_NS, tag);
-    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(attrs)) el.setAttribute(k, v);
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(attrs)) el.setAttribute(k, String(v));
     return el;
 }
 
@@ -15,7 +37,7 @@ function svgEl(tag, attrs = {}) {
  * @param {SVGGElement} group
  * @param {Array} edges - [{from, to, type, points, fromNode, toNode}]
  */
-export function renderEdges(group, edges) {
+export function renderEdges(group: SVGGElement, edges: GraphEdge[]): void {
     while (group.firstChild) group.firstChild.remove();
 
     // Defs for arrowheads
@@ -32,7 +54,7 @@ export function renderEdges(group, edges) {
     }
 }
 
-function _createArrowMarker(type) {
+function _createArrowMarker(type: string): SVGElement {
     const marker = svgEl('marker', {
         id: `arrow-${type}`,
         viewBox: '0 0 10 10',
@@ -50,7 +72,7 @@ function _createArrowMarker(type) {
     return marker;
 }
 
-function _renderEdge(edge) {
+function _renderEdge(edge: GraphEdge): SVGElement {
     const { from, to, type, fromNode, toNode, field, editable } = edge;
     const cssClass = `graph-edge graph-edge-${type}${editable === false ? ' graph-edge-nested' : ''}`;
     // Always use port-aware bezier — ELK routes without port knowledge so
@@ -78,7 +100,7 @@ function _renderEdge(edge) {
  * Convert ELK layout points to SVG path string.
  * Uses Catmull-Rom-to-Cubic conversion for smooth curves through all points.
  */
-function _pointsToPath(points) {
+function _pointsToPath(points: { x: number; y: number }[]): string {
     if (points.length < 2) return '';
     if (points.length === 2) {
         return `M ${points[0].x} ${points[0].y} L ${points[1].x} ${points[1].y}`;
@@ -108,7 +130,7 @@ function _pointsToPath(points) {
 /**
  * Adjust ELK-routed start/end points to match port Y positions.
  */
-function _adjustEndpoints(points, fromNode, toNode, fromPortY, toPortY) {
+function _adjustEndpoints(points: { x: number; y: number }[], fromNode: GraphNodeRect, toNode: GraphNodeRect, fromPortY: number | undefined, toPortY: number | undefined): { x: number; y: number }[] {
     if (points.length < 2) return points;
     const result = points.map(p => ({ ...p }));
     if (fromPortY != null) {
@@ -126,7 +148,7 @@ function _adjustEndpoints(points, fromNode, toNode, fromPortY, toPortY) {
  * Fallback bezier when no ELK routing is available.
  * Uses port Y offsets when provided, otherwise centers vertically.
  */
-function _defaultBezier(fromNode, toNode, fromPortY, toPortY) {
+function _defaultBezier(fromNode: GraphNodeRect, toNode: GraphNodeRect, fromPortY: number | undefined, toPortY: number | undefined): string {
     const x1 = fromNode.x + fromNode.width;
     const y1 = fromNode.y + (fromPortY ?? fromNode.height / 2);
     const x2 = toNode.x;
@@ -138,7 +160,7 @@ function _defaultBezier(fromNode, toNode, fromPortY, toPortY) {
 /**
  * Highlight edges that connect to a specific node (upstream chain).
  */
-export function highlightChain(edgeGroup, nodeId, edges) {
+export function highlightChain(edgeGroup: SVGGElement, nodeId: string, edges: GraphEdge[]): Set<string> {
     // Build adjacency indexes for O(E) BFS instead of O(N*E)
     const toIndex = new Map();  // toId → [edge]
     const fromIndex = new Map(); // fromId → [edge]
@@ -150,8 +172,8 @@ export function highlightChain(edgeGroup, nodeId, edges) {
     }
 
     // Find all ancestors recursively
-    const upstream = new Set();
-    const stack = [nodeId];
+    const upstream = new Set<string>();
+    const stack: string[] = [nodeId];
     while (stack.length) {
         const current = stack.pop();
         for (const e of (toIndex.get(current) || [])) {
@@ -164,7 +186,7 @@ export function highlightChain(edgeGroup, nodeId, edges) {
     upstream.add(nodeId);
 
     // Downstream too
-    const downstream = new Set();
+    const downstream = new Set<string>();
     const dStack = [nodeId];
     while (dStack.length) {
         const current = dStack.pop();
@@ -186,16 +208,26 @@ export function highlightChain(edgeGroup, nodeId, edges) {
         path.classList.toggle('dimmed', !inChain);
     });
 
+    // Dim flow-dot groups on non-chain edges
+    edgeGroup.querySelectorAll('.graph-edge-flow').forEach(g => {
+        const from = g.getAttribute('data-from');
+        const to = g.getAttribute('data-to');
+        (g as SVGElement).style.opacity = (chain.has(from) && chain.has(to)) ? '' : '0.12';
+    });
+
     return chain;
 }
 
 /**
  * Clear all highlight/dim classes from edges.
  */
-export function clearEdgeHighlights(edgeGroup) {
+export function clearEdgeHighlights(edgeGroup: SVGGElement): void {
     edgeGroup.querySelectorAll('.graph-edge').forEach(path => {
         path.classList.remove('highlighted', 'dimmed');
     });
+    edgeGroup.querySelectorAll('.graph-edge-flow').forEach(g => {
+        (g as SVGElement).style.opacity = '';
+    });
 }
 
 /* ── Edge colors (matching CSS) ── */
@@ -218,7 +250,7 @@ export { EDGE_COLORS };
  * Update edge paths connected to a specific node (e.g. after dragging).
  * Falls back to default bezier since ELK routing points are no longer valid.
  */
-export function updateEdgesForNode(group, nodeId, nodeMap, edges) {
+export function updateEdgesForNode(group: SVGGElement, nodeId: string, nodeMap: Map<string, GraphNodeRect>, edges: GraphEdge[]): void {
     for (const edge of edges) {
         if (edge.from !== nodeId && edge.to !== nodeId) continue;
         const fromNode = nodeMap.get(edge.from);
@@ -240,7 +272,7 @@ export function updateEdgesForNode(group, nodeId, nodeMap, edges) {
  * @param {Array} edges
  * @param {Set<string>} runningIds - IDs of currently running nodes
  */
-export function renderFlowDots(group, edges, runningIds) {
+export function renderFlowDots(group: SVGGElement, edges: GraphEdge[], runningIds: Set<string>): void {
     // Clear previous flow state
     group.querySelectorAll('.graph-edge-flow').forEach(el => el.remove());
     group.querySelectorAll('.graph-edge.graph-edge-active').forEach(el => el.classList.remove('graph-edge-active'));
@@ -263,7 +295,7 @@ export function renderFlowDots(group, edges, runningIds) {
     });
 
     // Collect all upstream edges that feed into running nodes (full chain)
-    const activeEdges = new Set();
+    const activeEdges = new Set<number>();
     const visited = new Set();
     const stack = [...runningIds];
     while (stack.length) {
@@ -288,7 +320,7 @@ export function renderFlowDots(group, edges, runningIds) {
         const d = pathEl.getAttribute('d');
         if (!d) continue;
         const color = EDGE_COLORS[edge.type] || EDGE_COLORS.default;
-        const flowG = svgEl('g', { class: 'graph-edge-flow' });
+        const flowG = svgEl('g', { class: 'graph-edge-flow', 'data-from': edge.from, 'data-to': edge.to });
         for (const beginFrac of ['0s', '1s']) {
             const circle = svgEl('circle', { fill: color, opacity: '0.9', r: '2.5' });
             const anim = document.createElementNS(SVG_NS, 'animateMotion');
@@ -306,7 +338,7 @@ export function renderFlowDots(group, edges, runningIds) {
 /**
  * Update flow dot paths for edges connected to a node (after drag).
  */
-export function updateFlowDotsForNode(group, nodeId, nodeMap, edges) {
+export function updateFlowDotsForNode(group: SVGGElement, nodeId: string, nodeMap: Map<string, GraphNodeRect>, edges: GraphEdge[]): void {
     // Just remove and let caller re-render if needed; or update paths
     // For simplicity, remove all flow dots — they'll be re-added on next render cycle
     group.querySelectorAll('.graph-edge-flow').forEach(el => el.remove());

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/graph-layout.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,58 @@
 
 import ELK from 'elkjs/lib/elk.bundled.js';
 
+/* ── Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+interface LayoutNode {
+    id: string;
+    kind: string;
+    name: string;
+    subtype: string;
+    tags: string[];
+    running?: boolean;
+    x?: number;
+    y?: number;
+    width?: number;
+    height?: number;
+}
+
+interface LayoutEdge {
+    from: string;
+    to: string;
+    field: string;
+    label: string;
+    type: string;
+    editable: boolean;
+}
+
+interface LayoutResult {
+    nodes: Map<string, LayoutNode>;
+    edges: (LayoutEdge & { points: { x: number; y: number }[] | null; fromNode: LayoutNode; toNode: LayoutNode })[];
+    bounds: { x: number; y: number; width: number; height: number };
+}
+
+interface PortSet {
+    types: string[];
+    ports: Record<string, number>;
+}
+
+interface EntitiesInput {
+    devices?: any[];
+    captureTemplates?: any[];
+    ppTemplates?: any[];
+    audioTemplates?: any[];
+    patternTemplates?: any[];
+    syncClocks?: any[];
+    pictureSources?: any[];
+    audioSources?: any[];
+    valueSources?: any[];
+    colorStripSources?: any[];
+    outputTargets?: any[];
+    scenePresets?: any[];
+    automations?: any[];
+    csptTemplates?: any[];
+}
+
 const NODE_WIDTH = 190;
 const NODE_HEIGHT = 56;
 
@@ -26,7 +78,7 @@ const ELK_OPTIONS = {
  * @param {Object} entities - { devices, captureTemplates, pictureSources, ... }
  * @returns {Promise<{nodes: Map, edges: Array, bounds: {x,y,width,height}}>}
  */
-export async function computeLayout(entities) {
+export async function computeLayout(entities: EntitiesInput): Promise<LayoutResult> {
     const elk = new ELK();
     const { nodes: nodeList, edges: edgeList } = buildGraph(entities);
 
@@ -72,8 +124,8 @@ export async function computeLayout(entities) {
         if (!fromNode || !toNode) continue;
 
         let points = null;
-        if (layoutEdge?.sections?.[0]) {
-            const sec = layoutEdge.sections[0];
+        if ((layoutEdge as any)?.sections?.[0]) {
+            const sec = (layoutEdge as any).sections[0];
             points = [sec.startPoint, ...(sec.bendPoints || []), sec.endPoint];
         }
 
@@ -139,7 +191,7 @@ export const ENTITY_LABELS = {
 
 /* ── Edge type (for CSS class) ── */
 
-function edgeType(fromKind, toKind, field) {
+function edgeType(fromKind: string, toKind: string, field: string): string {
     if (field === 'clock_id') return 'clock';
     if (fromKind === 'device') return 'device';
     if (fromKind === 'picture_source' || toKind === 'picture_source') return 'picture';
@@ -154,18 +206,18 @@ function edgeType(fromKind, toKind, field) {
 
 /* ── Graph builder ── */
 
-function buildGraph(e) {
-    const nodes = [];
-    const edges = [];
-    const nodeIds = new Set();
+function buildGraph(e: EntitiesInput): { nodes: LayoutNode[]; edges: LayoutEdge[] } {
+    const nodes: LayoutNode[] = [];
+    const edges: LayoutEdge[] = [];
+    const nodeIds = new Set<string>();
 
-    function addNode(id, kind, name, subtype, extra = {}) {
+    function addNode(id: string, kind: string, name: string, subtype: string, extra: Record<string, any> = {}): void {
         if (!id || nodeIds.has(id)) return;
         nodeIds.add(id);
         nodes.push({ id, kind, name: name || id, subtype: subtype || '', tags: extra.tags || [], ...extra });
     }
 
-    function addEdge(from, to, field, label = '') {
+    function addEdge(from: string, to: string, field: string, label: string = ''): void {
         if (!from || !to || !nodeIds.has(from) || !nodeIds.has(to)) return;
         const type = edgeType(
             nodes.find(n => n.id === from)?.kind,
@@ -355,7 +407,7 @@ const PORT_TYPE_ORDER = ['template', 'picture', 'colorstrip', 'value', 'audio',
  * Compute input/output port positions on every node from the edge list.
  * Mutates edges (adds fromPortY, toPortY) and nodes (adds inputPorts, outputPorts).
  */
-export function computePorts(nodeMap, edges) {
+export function computePorts(nodeMap: Map<string, LayoutNode & { inputPorts?: PortSet; outputPorts?: PortSet; height: number }>, edges: (LayoutEdge & { fromPortY?: number; toPortY?: number })[]): void {
     // Collect which port types each node needs (keyed by edge type)
     const inputTypes  = new Map();  // nodeId → Set<edgeType>
     const outputTypes = new Map();  // nodeId → Set<edgeType>
@@ -369,7 +421,7 @@ export function computePorts(nodeMap, edges) {
     }
 
     // Sort port types and assign vertical positions
-    function assignPorts(typeSet, height) {
+    function assignPorts(typeSet: Set<string>, height: number): PortSet {
         const types = [...typeSet].sort((a, b) => {
             const ai = PORT_TYPE_ORDER.indexOf(a);
             const bi = PORT_TYPE_ORDER.indexOf(b);

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/graph-nodes.ts

@@ -2,14 +2,62 @@
  * SVG node rendering for the graph editor.
  */
 
-import { ENTITY_COLORS, NODE_WIDTH, NODE_HEIGHT, computePorts } from './graph-layout.js';
-import { EDGE_COLORS } from './graph-edges.js';
-import { createColorPicker, registerColorPicker, closeAllColorPickers } from './color-picker.js';
-import { getCardColor, setCardColor } from './card-colors.js';
-import * as P from './icon-paths.js';
+import { ENTITY_COLORS, NODE_WIDTH, NODE_HEIGHT, computePorts } from './graph-layout.ts';
+import { EDGE_COLORS } from './graph-edges.ts';
+import { createColorPicker, registerColorPicker, closeAllColorPickers } from './color-picker.ts';
+import { getCardColor, setCardColor } from './card-colors.ts';
+import * as P from './icon-paths.ts';
 
 const SVG_NS = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg';
 
+/* ── Types ────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+interface PortInfo {
+    types: string[];
+    ports: Record<string, number>;
+}
+
+interface GraphNode {
+    id: string;
+    kind: string;
+    name: string;
+    subtype?: string;
+    x: number;
+    y: number;
+    width: number;
+    height: number;
+    running?: boolean;
+    inputPorts?: PortInfo;
+    outputPorts?: PortInfo;
+}
+
+interface GraphEdge {
+    from: string;
+    to: string;
+    type: string;
+    field?: string;
+}
+
+interface NodeCallbacks {
+    onNodeClick?: (node: GraphNode, e: MouseEvent) => void;
+    onNodeDblClick?: (node: GraphNode, e: MouseEvent) => void;
+    onDeleteNode?: (node: GraphNode) => void;
+    onEditNode?: (node: GraphNode) => void;
+    onTestNode?: (node: GraphNode) => void;
+    onStartStopNode?: (node: GraphNode) => void;
+    onNotificationTest?: (node: GraphNode) => void;
+    onCloneNode?: (node: GraphNode) => void;
+    onActivatePreset?: (node: GraphNode) => void;
+}
+
+interface OverlayButton {
+    icon?: string;
+    svgPath?: string;
+    action: string;
+    cls: string;
+    scale?: number;
+}
+
 // ── Port type → human-readable label ──
 const PORT_LABELS = {
     template:   'Template',
@@ -60,14 +108,14 @@ const SUBTYPE_ICONS = {
     output_target: { led: P.lightbulb, wled: P.lightbulb, key_colors: P.palette },
 };
 
-function svgEl(tag, attrs = {}) {
+function svgEl(tag: string, attrs: Record<string, string | number> = {}): SVGElement {
     const el = document.createElementNS(SVG_NS, tag);
-    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(attrs)) el.setAttribute(k, v);
+    for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(attrs)) el.setAttribute(k, String(v));
     return el;
 }
 
 /** Truncate text to fit within maxWidth (approximate). */
-function truncate(text, maxChars = 22) {
+function truncate(text: string, maxChars: number = 22): string {
     if (!text) return '';
     return text.length > maxChars ? text.slice(0, maxChars - 1) + '\u2026' : text;
 }
@@ -78,7 +126,7 @@ function truncate(text, maxChars = 22) {
  * @param {Map} nodeMap - id → {id, kind, name, subtype, x, y, width, height, running}
  * @param {Object} callbacks - { onNodeClick, onNodeDblClick, onDeleteNode, onEditNode, onTestNode }
  */
-export function renderNodes(group, nodeMap, callbacks = {}) {
+export function renderNodes(group: SVGGElement, nodeMap: Map<string, GraphNode>, callbacks: NodeCallbacks = {}): void {
     // Clear existing
     while (group.firstChild) group.firstChild.remove();
 
@@ -93,20 +141,20 @@ export function renderNodes(group, nodeMap, callbacks = {}) {
  */
 
 /** Return custom color for a node, or null if none set. */
-export function getNodeColor(nodeId) {
+export function getNodeColor(nodeId: string): string | null {
     return getCardColor(nodeId) || null;
 }
 
 /** Return color for a node: custom if set, else entity-type default. Used by minimap/search. */
-export function getNodeDisplayColor(nodeId, kind) {
+export function getNodeDisplayColor(nodeId: string, kind: string): string {
     return getNodeColor(nodeId) || ENTITY_COLORS[kind] || '#666';
 }
 
 /** Open a color picker for a graph node, positioned near the click point. */
-function _openNodeColorPicker(node, e) {
-    const nodeEl = e.target.closest('.graph-node') || document.querySelector(`.graph-node[data-id="${node.id}"]`);
+function _openNodeColorPicker(node: GraphNode, e: MouseEvent): void {
+    const nodeEl = (e.target as SVGElement).closest('.graph-node') as SVGElement | null || document.querySelector(`.graph-node[data-id="${node.id}"]`) as SVGElement | null;
     if (!nodeEl) return;
-    const svg = nodeEl.ownerSVGElement;
+    const svg = (nodeEl as SVGGraphicsElement).ownerSVGElement;
     const container = svg?.closest('.graph-container');
     if (!svg || !container) return;
 
@@ -128,6 +176,7 @@ function _openNodeColorPicker(node, e) {
     cpOverlay.innerHTML = createColorPicker({
         id: pickerId,
         currentColor: curColor || ENTITY_COLORS[node.kind] || '#666',
+        onPick: null,
         anchor: 'left',
         showReset: true,
         resetColor: '#808080',
@@ -136,8 +185,8 @@ function _openNodeColorPicker(node, e) {
 
     // Register callback to update the bar color
     registerColorPicker(pickerId, (hex) => {
-        const bar = nodeEl.querySelector('.graph-node-color-bar');
-        const barCover = bar?.nextElementSibling;
+        const bar = nodeEl.querySelector('.graph-node-color-bar') as SVGElement | null;
+        const barCover = bar?.nextElementSibling as SVGElement | null;
         if (bar) {
             if (hex) {
                 bar.setAttribute('fill', hex);
@@ -157,7 +206,7 @@ function _openNodeColorPicker(node, e) {
     window._cpToggle(pickerId);
 }
 
-function renderNode(node, callbacks) {
+function renderNode(node: GraphNode, callbacks: NodeCallbacks): SVGElement {
     const { id, kind, name, subtype, x, y, width, height, running } = node;
     let color = getNodeColor(id);
 
@@ -292,7 +341,7 @@ function renderNode(node, callbacks) {
         class: 'graph-node-title',
         x: 16, y: 24,
     });
-    title.textContent = truncate(name, 18);
+    title.textContent = name;
     g.appendChild(title);
 
     // Subtitle (type)
@@ -305,11 +354,6 @@ function renderNode(node, callbacks) {
         g.appendChild(sub);
     }
 
-    // Tooltip
-    const tip = svgEl('title');
-    tip.textContent = `${name} (${kind.replace(/_/g, ' ')})`;
-    g.appendChild(tip);
-
     // Hover overlay (action buttons)
     const overlay = _createOverlay(node, width, callbacks);
     g.appendChild(overlay);
@@ -338,13 +382,13 @@ const TEST_KINDS = new Set([
     'color_strip_source', 'cspt',
 ]);
 
-function _createOverlay(node, nodeWidth, callbacks) {
+function _createOverlay(node: GraphNode, nodeWidth: number, callbacks: NodeCallbacks): SVGElement {
     const overlay = svgEl('g', { class: 'graph-node-overlay' });
     const btnSize = 24;
     const btnGap = 2;
 
     // Build button list dynamically based on node kind/subtype
-    const btns = [];
+    const btns: OverlayButton[] = [];
 
     // Start/stop button for applicable kinds
     if (START_STOP_KINDS.has(node.kind)) {
@@ -458,7 +502,7 @@ function _createOverlay(node, nodeWidth, callbacks) {
  * Patch a node's running state in-place without replacing the element.
  * Updates the start/stop button icon/class, running dot, and node CSS class.
  */
-export function patchNodeRunning(group, node) {
+export function patchNodeRunning(group: SVGGElement, node: GraphNode): void {
     const el = group.querySelector(`.graph-node[data-id="${node.id}"]`);
     if (!el) return;
 
@@ -499,7 +543,7 @@ export function patchNodeRunning(group, node) {
 /**
  * Highlight a single node (add class, scroll to).
  */
-export function highlightNode(group, nodeId, cls = 'search-match') {
+export function highlightNode(group: SVGGElement, nodeId: string, cls: string = 'search-match'): Element | null {
     // Remove existing highlights
     group.querySelectorAll(`.graph-node.${cls}`).forEach(n => n.classList.remove(cls));
     const node = group.querySelector(`.graph-node[data-id="${nodeId}"]`);
@@ -510,7 +554,7 @@ export function highlightNode(group, nodeId, cls = 'search-match') {
 /**
  * Mark orphan nodes (no incoming or outgoing edges).
  */
-export function markOrphans(group, nodeMap, edges) {
+export function markOrphans(group: SVGGElement, nodeMap: Map<string, GraphNode>, edges: GraphEdge[]): void {
     const connected = new Set();
     for (const e of edges) {
         connected.add(e.from);
@@ -526,7 +570,7 @@ export function markOrphans(group, nodeMap, edges) {
 /**
  * Update selection state on nodes.
  */
-export function updateSelection(group, selectedIds) {
+export function updateSelection(group: SVGGElement, selectedIds: Set<string>): void {
     group.querySelectorAll('.graph-node').forEach(n => {
         n.classList.toggle('selected', selectedIds.has(n.getAttribute('data-id')));
     });

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/i18n.ts

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ function getPluralForm(locale, count) {
     return count === 1 ? 'one' : 'other';
 }
 
-export function t(key, params = {}) {
+export function t(key: string, params: Record<string, any> = {}) {
     let text;
     if ('count' in params) {
         const form = getPluralForm(currentLocale, params.count);
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export function t(key, params = {}) {
     return text;
 }
 
-async function loadTranslations(locale) {
+async function loadTranslations(locale: string) {
     try {
         const response = await fetch(`/static/locales/${locale}.json`);
         if (!response.ok) {
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export async function initLocale() {
     await setLocale(savedLocale);
 }
 
-export async function setLocale(locale) {
+export async function setLocale(locale: string) {
     if (!supportedLocales[locale]) {
         locale = 'en';
     }
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ export async function setLocale(locale) {
 }
 
 export function changeLocale() {
-    const select = document.getElementById('locale-select');
+    const select = document.getElementById('locale-select') as HTMLSelectElement;
     const newLocale = select.value;
     if (newLocale && newLocale !== currentLocale) {
         localStorage.setItem('locale', newLocale);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ export function changeLocale() {
 }
 
 function updateLocaleSelect() {
-    const select = document.getElementById('locale-select');
+    const select = document.getElementById('locale-select') as HTMLSelectElement | null;
     if (select) {
         select.value = currentLocale;
     }
@@ -109,13 +109,13 @@ export function updateAllText() {
     });
 
     document.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-placeholder]').forEach(el => {
-        const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-placeholder');
-        el.placeholder = t(key);
+        const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-placeholder')!;
+        (el as HTMLInputElement).placeholder = t(key);
     });
 
     document.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-title]').forEach(el => {
-        const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-title');
-        el.title = t(key);
+        const key = el.getAttribute('data-i18n-title')!;
+        (el as HTMLElement).title = t(key);
     });
 
     document.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-aria-label]').forEach(el => {

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/icon-paths.ts

@@ -78,3 +78,6 @@ export const cpu          = '<rect x="4" y="4" width="16" height="16" rx="2"/><r
 export const keyboard     = '<path d="M10 8h.01"/><path d="M12 12h.01"/><path d="M14 8h.01"/><path d="M16 12h.01"/><path d="M18 8h.01"/><path d="M6 8h.01"/><path d="M7 16h10"/><path d="M8 12h.01"/><rect width="20" height="16" x="2" y="4" rx="2"/>';
 export const mouse        = '<rect x="5" y="2" width="14" height="20" rx="7"/><path d="M12 6v4"/>';
 export const headphones   = '<path d="M3 14h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v3a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-7a9 9 0 0 1 18 0v7a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-1a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h3"/>';
+export const trash2       = '<path d="M3 6h18"/><path d="M19 6v14c0 1-1 2-2 2H7c-1 0-2-1-2-2V6"/><path d="M8 6V4c0-1 1-2 2-2h4c1 0 2 1 2 2v2"/><line x1="10" x2="10" y1="11" y2="17"/><line x1="14" x2="14" y1="11" y2="17"/>';
+export const listChecks   = '<path d="m3 17 2 2 4-4"/><path d="m3 7 2 2 4-4"/><path d="M13 6h8"/><path d="M13 12h8"/><path d="M13 18h8"/>';
+export const circleOff    = '<path d="m2 2 20 20"/><path d="M8.35 2.69A10 10 0 0 1 21.3 15.65"/><path d="M19.08 19.08A10 10 0 1 1 4.92 4.92"/>';

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/icon-select.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Reusable icon-grid selector (replaces a plain <select>).
  *
  * Usage:
- *   import { IconSelect } from '../core/icon-select.js';
+ *   import { IconSelect } from '../core/icon-select.ts';
  *
  *   const sel = new IconSelect({
  *       target: document.getElementById('my-select'),   // the <select> to enhance
@@ -18,14 +18,14 @@
  * Call sel.setValue(v) to change programmatically, sel.destroy() to remove.
  */
 
-import { desktopFocus } from './ui.js';
+import { desktopFocus } from './ui.ts';
 
 const POPUP_CLASS = 'icon-select-popup';
 
 /** Close every open icon-select popup. */
 export function closeAllIconSelects() {
     document.querySelectorAll(`.${POPUP_CLASS}`).forEach(p => {
-        p.classList.remove('open');
+        (p as HTMLElement).classList.remove('open');
     });
 }
 
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ function _ensureGlobalListener() {
     if (_globalListenerAdded) return;
     _globalListenerAdded = true;
     document.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
-        if (!e.target.closest(`.${POPUP_CLASS}`) && !e.target.closest('.icon-select-trigger')) {
+        const target = e.target as HTMLElement;
+        if (!target.closest(`.${POPUP_CLASS}`) && !target.closest('.icon-select-trigger')) {
             closeAllIconSelects();
         }
     });
@@ -44,15 +45,33 @@ function _ensureGlobalListener() {
     });
 }
 
+export interface IconSelectItem {
+    value: string;
+    icon: string;
+    label: string;
+    desc?: string;
+}
+
+export interface IconSelectOpts {
+    target: HTMLSelectElement;
+    items: IconSelectItem[];
+    onChange?: (value: string) => void;
+    columns?: number;
+    placeholder?: string;
+}
+
 export class IconSelect {
-    /**
-     * @param {Object} opts
-     * @param {HTMLSelectElement} opts.target  - the <select> element to enhance
-     * @param {Array<{value:string, icon:string, label:string, desc?:string}>} opts.items
-     * @param {Function} [opts.onChange]       - called with (value) after user picks
-     * @param {number}   [opts.columns=2]     - grid column count
-     */
-    constructor({ target, items, onChange, columns = 2, placeholder = '' }) {
+    _select: HTMLSelectElement;
+    _items: IconSelectItem[];
+    _onChange: ((value: string) => void) | undefined;
+    _columns: number;
+    _placeholder: string;
+    _trigger: HTMLButtonElement;
+    _popup: HTMLDivElement;
+    _scrollHandler: (() => void) | null = null;
+    _scrollTargets: (HTMLElement | Window)[] = [];
+
+    constructor({ target, items, onChange, columns = 2, placeholder = '' }: IconSelectOpts) {
         _ensureGlobalListener();
 
         this._select = target;
@@ -72,7 +91,7 @@ export class IconSelect {
             e.stopPropagation();
             this._toggle();
         });
-        this._select.parentNode.insertBefore(this._trigger, this._select.nextSibling);
+        this._select.parentNode!.insertBefore(this._trigger, this._select.nextSibling);
 
         // Build popup (portaled to body to avoid overflow clipping)
         this._popup = document.createElement('div');
@@ -84,7 +103,7 @@ export class IconSelect {
         // Bind item clicks
         this._popup.querySelectorAll('.icon-select-cell').forEach(cell => {
             cell.addEventListener('click', () => {
-                this.setValue(cell.dataset.value, true);
+                this.setValue((cell as HTMLElement).dataset.value!, true);
                 this._popup.classList.remove('open');
                 this._removeScrollListener();
             });
@@ -121,7 +140,8 @@ export class IconSelect {
         }
         // Update active state in grid
         this._popup.querySelectorAll('.icon-select-cell').forEach(cell => {
-            cell.classList.toggle('active', cell.dataset.value === val);
+            const el = cell as HTMLElement;
+            el.classList.toggle('active', el.dataset.value === val);
         });
     }
 
@@ -175,12 +195,13 @@ export class IconSelect {
             this._removeScrollListener();
         };
         // Listen on capture phase to catch scroll on any ancestor
-        let el = this._trigger.parentNode;
+        let el: Node | null = this._trigger.parentNode;
         this._scrollTargets = [];
         while (el && el !== document) {
-            if (el.scrollHeight > el.clientHeight || el.classList?.contains('modal-content')) {
-                el.addEventListener('scroll', this._scrollHandler, { passive: true });
-                this._scrollTargets.push(el);
+            const htmlEl = el as HTMLElement;
+            if (htmlEl.scrollHeight > htmlEl.clientHeight || htmlEl.classList?.contains('modal-content')) {
+                htmlEl.addEventListener('scroll', this._scrollHandler, { passive: true });
+                this._scrollTargets.push(htmlEl);
             }
             el = el.parentNode;
         }
@@ -198,7 +219,7 @@ export class IconSelect {
     }
 
     /** Change the value programmatically. */
-    setValue(value, fireChange = false) {
+    setValue(value: string, fireChange = false) {
         this._select.value = value;
         this._syncTrigger();
         if (fireChange) {
@@ -209,12 +230,12 @@ export class IconSelect {
     }
 
     /** Refresh labels (e.g. after language change). Call with new items array. */
-    updateItems(items) {
+    updateItems(items: IconSelectItem[]) {
         this._items = items;
         this._popup.innerHTML = this._buildGrid();
         this._popup.querySelectorAll('.icon-select-cell').forEach(cell => {
             cell.addEventListener('click', () => {
-                this.setValue(cell.dataset.value, true);
+                this.setValue((cell as HTMLElement).dataset.value!, true);
                 this._popup.classList.remove('open');
             });
         });
@@ -236,13 +257,8 @@ export class IconSelect {
  * Displays a centered modal with an icon grid. When the user picks a type,
  * the overlay closes and `onPick(value)` is called. Clicking the backdrop
  * or pressing Escape dismisses without picking.
- *
- * @param {Object} opts
- * @param {string} opts.title            - heading text
- * @param {Array<{value:string, icon:string, label:string, desc?:string}>} opts.items
- * @param {Function} opts.onPick         - called with the selected value
  */
-export function showTypePicker({ title, items, onPick }) {
+export function showTypePicker({ title, items, onPick }: { title: string; items: IconSelectItem[]; onPick: (value: string) => void }) {
     const showFilter = items.length > 9;
 
     // Build cells
@@ -269,13 +285,14 @@ export function showTypePicker({ title, items, onPick }) {
 
     // Filter logic
     if (showFilter) {
-        const input = overlay.querySelector('.type-picker-filter');
+        const input = overlay.querySelector('.type-picker-filter') as HTMLInputElement;
         const allCells = overlay.querySelectorAll('.icon-select-cell');
         input.addEventListener('input', () => {
             const q = input.value.toLowerCase().trim();
             allCells.forEach(cell => {
-                const match = !q || cell.dataset.search.includes(q);
-                cell.classList.toggle('disabled', !match);
+                const el = cell as HTMLElement;
+                const match = !q || el.dataset.search!.includes(q);
+                el.classList.toggle('disabled', !match);
             });
         });
         // Auto-focus filter after animation (skip on touch devices to avoid keyboard popup)
@@ -288,7 +305,7 @@ export function showTypePicker({ title, items, onPick }) {
     });
 
     // Escape key
-    const onKey = (e) => {
+    const onKey = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
         if (e.key === 'Escape') close();
     };
     document.addEventListener('keydown', onKey);
@@ -298,7 +315,7 @@ export function showTypePicker({ title, items, onPick }) {
         cell.addEventListener('click', () => {
             if (cell.classList.contains('disabled')) return;
             close();
-            onPick(cell.dataset.value);
+            onPick((cell as HTMLElement).dataset.value!);
         });
     });
 

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/icons.ts

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
  * Import icons from this module instead of using inline emoji literals.
  */
 
-import * as P from './icon-paths.js';
+import * as P from './icon-paths.ts';
 
 // ── SVG wrapper ────────────────────────────────────────────
-const _svg = (d) => `<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24">${d}</svg>`;
+const _svg = (d: string): string => `<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24">${d}</svg>`;
 
 // ── Type-resolution maps (private) ──────────────────────────
 const _targetTypeIcons        = { led: _svg(P.lightbulb), wled: _svg(P.lightbulb), key_colors: _svg(P.palette) };
@@ -50,42 +50,42 @@ const _audioEngineTypeIcons   = { wasapi: _svg(P.volume2), sounddevice: _svg(P.m
 // ── Type-resolution getters ─────────────────────────────────
 
 /** Target type → icon (fallback: zap) */
-export function getTargetTypeIcon(targetType) {
+export function getTargetTypeIcon(targetType: string): string {
     return _targetTypeIcons[targetType] || _svg(P.zap);
 }
 
 /** Picture source / stream type → icon (fallback: tv) */
-export function getPictureSourceIcon(streamType) {
+export function getPictureSourceIcon(streamType: string): string {
     return _pictureSourceTypeIcons[streamType] || _svg(P.tv);
 }
 
 /** Color strip source type → icon (fallback: film) */
-export function getColorStripIcon(sourceType) {
+export function getColorStripIcon(sourceType: string): string {
     return _colorStripTypeIcons[sourceType] || _svg(P.film);
 }
 
 /** Value source type → icon (fallback: sliders) */
-export function getValueSourceIcon(sourceType) {
+export function getValueSourceIcon(sourceType: string): string {
     return _valueSourceTypeIcons[sourceType] || _svg(P.slidersHorizontal);
 }
 
 /** Audio source type → icon (fallback: music) */
-export function getAudioSourceIcon(sourceType) {
+export function getAudioSourceIcon(sourceType: string): string {
     return _audioSourceTypeIcons[sourceType] || _svg(P.music);
 }
 
 /** Device type → icon (fallback: lightbulb) */
-export function getDeviceTypeIcon(deviceType) {
+export function getDeviceTypeIcon(deviceType: string): string {
     return _deviceTypeIcons[deviceType] || _svg(P.lightbulb);
 }
 
 /** Capture engine type → icon (fallback: rocket) */
-export function getEngineIcon(engineType) {
+export function getEngineIcon(engineType: string): string {
     return _engineTypeIcons[engineType] || _svg(P.rocket);
 }
 
 /** Audio engine type → icon (fallback: music) */
-export function getAudioEngineIcon(engineType) {
+export function getAudioEngineIcon(engineType: string): string {
     return _audioEngineTypeIcons[engineType] || _svg(P.music);
 }
 
@@ -179,3 +179,6 @@ export const ICON_CPU            = _svg(P.cpu);
 export const ICON_KEYBOARD       = _svg(P.keyboard);
 export const ICON_MOUSE          = _svg(P.mouse);
 export const ICON_HEADPHONES     = _svg(P.headphones);
+export const ICON_TRASH          = _svg(P.trash2);
+export const ICON_LIST_CHECKS    = _svg(P.listChecks);
+export const ICON_CIRCLE_OFF     = _svg(P.circleOff);

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/modal.ts

@@ -5,15 +5,23 @@
  * Dirty-check:     class MyModal extends Modal { snapshotValues() { ... } }
  */
 
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
-import { lockBody, unlockBody, setupBackdropClose, showConfirm, trapFocus, releaseFocus } from './ui.js';
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
+import { lockBody, unlockBody, setupBackdropClose, showConfirm, trapFocus, releaseFocus, isTouchDevice } from './ui.ts';
 
 export class Modal {
-    static _stack = [];
+    static _stack: Modal[] = [];
 
-    constructor(elementId, { backdrop = true, lock = true } = {}) {
+    el: HTMLElement | null;
+    errorEl: HTMLElement | null;
+    _lock: boolean;
+    _backdrop: boolean;
+    _initialValues: Record<string, any>;
+    _closing: boolean;
+    _previousFocus: Element | null = null;
+
+    constructor(elementId: string, { backdrop = true, lock = true } = {}) {
         this.el = document.getElementById(elementId);
-        this.errorEl = this.el?.querySelector('.modal-error');
+        this.errorEl = this.el?.querySelector('.modal-error') as HTMLElement | null;
         this._lock = lock;
         this._backdrop = backdrop;
         this._initialValues = {};
@@ -26,24 +34,33 @@ export class Modal {
 
     open() {
         this._previousFocus = document.activeElement;
-        this.el.style.display = 'flex';
+        this.el!.style.display = 'flex';
         if (this._lock) lockBody();
-        if (this._backdrop) setupBackdropClose(this.el, () => this.close());
-        trapFocus(this.el);
+        if (this._backdrop) setupBackdropClose(this.el!, () => this.close());
+        trapFocus(this.el!);
         Modal._stack = Modal._stack.filter(m => m !== this);
         Modal._stack.push(this);
+        // Auto-focus first visible input (skip on touch to avoid virtual keyboard)
+        if (!isTouchDevice()) {
+            requestAnimationFrame(() => {
+                const input = this.el!.querySelector(
+                    '.modal-body input:not([type="hidden"]):not([disabled]):not([style*="display:none"]):not([style*="display: none"]), .modal-body select:not([disabled]), .modal-body textarea:not([disabled])'
+                ) as HTMLElement | null;
+                if (input && input.offsetParent !== null) input.focus();
+            });
+        }
     }
 
     forceClose() {
-        releaseFocus(this.el);
-        this.el.style.display = 'none';
+        releaseFocus(this.el!);
+        this.el!.style.display = 'none';
         if (this._lock) unlockBody();
         this._initialValues = {};
         this.hideError();
         this.onForceClose();
         Modal._stack = Modal._stack.filter(m => m !== this);
-        if (this._previousFocus && typeof this._previousFocus.focus === 'function') {
-            this._previousFocus.focus();
+        if (this._previousFocus && typeof (this._previousFocus as HTMLElement).focus === 'function') {
+            (this._previousFocus as HTMLElement).focus({ preventScroll: true });
             this._previousFocus = null;
         }
     }
@@ -74,7 +91,7 @@ export class Modal {
         return Object.keys(this._initialValues).some(k => this._initialValues[k] !== cur[k]);
     }
 
-    showError(msg) {
+    showError(msg: string) {
         if (this.errorEl) {
             this.errorEl.textContent = msg;
             this.errorEl.style.display = 'block';
@@ -88,7 +105,7 @@ export class Modal {
     /** Hook for subclass cleanup on force-close (canvas, observers, etc.). */
     onForceClose() {}
 
-    $(id) {
+    $(id: string) {
         return document.getElementById(id);
     }
 

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/navigation.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * Cross-entity navigation — navigate to a specific card on any tab/subtab.
  */
 
-import { switchTab } from '../features/tabs.js';
+import { switchTab } from '../features/tabs.ts';
 
 /**
  * Navigate to a card on any tab/subtab, expanding the section and scrolling to it.
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import { switchTab } from '../features/tabs.js';
  * @param {string} cardAttr   Data attribute to find the card (e.g. 'data-device-id')
  * @param {string} cardValue  Value of the data attribute
  */
-export function navigateToCard(tab, subTab, sectionKey, cardAttr, cardValue) {
+export function navigateToCard(tab: string, subTab: string | null, sectionKey: string | null, cardAttr: string, cardValue: string) {
     // Push current location to history so browser back returns here
     history.pushState(null, '', location.hash || '#');
 
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ export function navigateToCard(tab, subTab, sectionKey, cardAttr, cardValue) {
 
         // Expand section if collapsed
         if (sectionKey) {
-            const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${sectionKey}"]`);
+            const content = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-content="${sectionKey}"]`) as HTMLElement | null;
             const header = document.querySelector(`[data-cs-toggle="${sectionKey}"]`);
             if (content && content.style.display === 'none') {
                 content.style.display = '';
-                const chevron = header?.querySelector('.cs-chevron');
+                const chevron = header?.querySelector('.cs-chevron') as HTMLElement | null;
                 if (chevron) chevron.style.transform = 'rotate(90deg)';
                 const map = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('sections_collapsed') || '{}');
                 map[sectionKey] = false;
@@ -60,17 +60,17 @@ export function navigateToCard(tab, subTab, sectionKey, cardAttr, cardValue) {
 
         // Card not in DOM — trigger data load and wait for it to appear
         _triggerTabLoad(tab);
-        _waitForCard(cardAttr, cardValue, 5000, scope).then(card => {
+        _waitForCard(cardAttr, cardValue, 5000, scope).then((card: any) => {
             if (card) _highlightCard(card);
         });
     });
 }
 
-let _highlightTimer = 0;
-let _overlayTimer = 0;
-let _prevCard = null;
+let _highlightTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | 0 = 0;
+let _overlayTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | 0 = 0;
+let _prevCard: Element | null = null;
 
-function _highlightCard(card) {
+function _highlightCard(card: Element) {
     // Clear previous highlight if still active
     if (_prevCard) _prevCard.classList.remove('card-highlight');
     clearTimeout(_highlightTimer);
@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ function _highlightCard(card) {
 }
 
 /** Trigger the tab's data load function (used when card wasn't found in DOM). */
-function _triggerTabLoad(tab) {
+function _triggerTabLoad(tab: string) {
     if (tab === 'dashboard' && typeof window.loadDashboard === 'function') window.loadDashboard();
     else if (tab === 'automations' && typeof window.loadAutomations === 'function') window.loadAutomations();
     else if (tab === 'streams' && typeof window.loadPictureSources === 'function') window.loadPictureSources();
     else if (tab === 'targets' && typeof window.loadTargetsTab === 'function') window.loadTargetsTab();
 }
 
-function _showDimOverlay(duration) {
+function _showDimOverlay(duration: number) {
     clearTimeout(_overlayTimer);
     let overlay = document.getElementById('nav-dim-overlay');
     if (!overlay) {
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ function _showDimOverlay(duration) {
     _overlayTimer = setTimeout(() => overlay.classList.remove('active'), duration);
 }
 
-function _waitForCard(cardAttr, cardValue, timeout, scope = document) {
-    const root = scope === document ? document.body : scope;
+function _waitForCard(cardAttr: string, cardValue: string, timeout: number, scope: Document | HTMLElement = document) {
+    const root = scope === document ? document.body : scope as HTMLElement;
     return new Promise(resolve => {
         const card = scope.querySelector(`[${cardAttr}="${cardValue}"]`);
         if (card) { resolve(card); return; }

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/process-picker.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * and adding them to a textarea (one app per line).
  *
  * Usage:
- *   import { attachProcessPicker } from '../core/process-picker.js';
+ *   import { attachProcessPicker } from '../core/process-picker.ts';
  *   attachProcessPicker(containerEl, textareaEl);
  *
  * The container must already contain:
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
  *   </div>
  */
 
-import { fetchWithAuth } from './api.js';
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
-import { escapeHtml } from './api.js';
+import { fetchWithAuth } from './api.ts';
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
+import { escapeHtml } from './api.ts';
 
-function renderList(picker, processes, existing) {
+function renderList(picker: any, processes: string[], existing: Set<string>): void {
     const listEl = picker.querySelector('.process-picker-list');
     if (processes.length === 0) {
         listEl.innerHTML = `<div class="process-picker-loading">${t('automations.condition.application.no_processes')}</div>`;
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ function renderList(picker, processes, existing) {
     });
 }
 
-async function toggle(picker) {
+async function toggle(picker: any): Promise<void> {
     if (picker.style.display !== 'none') {
         picker.style.display = 'none';
         return;
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ async function toggle(picker) {
         if (!resp.ok) throw new Error('Failed to fetch processes');
         const data = await resp.json();
 
-        const existing = new Set(
-            picker._textarea.value.split('\n').map(a => a.trim().toLowerCase()).filter(Boolean)
+        const existing = new Set<string>(
+            (picker as any)._textarea.value.split('\n').map((a: string) => a.trim().toLowerCase()).filter(Boolean)
         );
 
-        picker._processes = data.processes;
-        picker._existing = existing;
+        (picker as any)._processes = data.processes;
+        (picker as any)._existing = existing;
         renderList(picker, data.processes, existing);
         searchEl.focus();
     } catch (e) {
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ async function toggle(picker) {
     }
 }
 
-function filter(picker) {
+function filter(picker: any): void {
     const query = picker.querySelector('.process-picker-search').value.toLowerCase();
     const filtered = (picker._processes || []).filter(p => p.includes(query));
     renderList(picker, filtered, picker._existing || new Set());
@@ -82,12 +82,12 @@ function filter(picker) {
  * Wire up a process picker inside `containerEl` to feed into `textareaEl`.
  * containerEl must contain .btn-browse-apps, .process-picker, .process-picker-search.
  */
-export function attachProcessPicker(containerEl, textareaEl) {
+export function attachProcessPicker(containerEl: HTMLElement, textareaEl: HTMLTextAreaElement): void {
     const browseBtn = containerEl.querySelector('.btn-browse-apps');
     const picker = containerEl.querySelector('.process-picker');
     if (!browseBtn || !picker) return;
 
-    picker._textarea = textareaEl;
+    (picker as any)._textarea = textareaEl;
     browseBtn.addEventListener('click', () => toggle(picker));
 
     const searchInput = picker.querySelector('.process-picker-search');

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/state.js

@@ -1,313 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Shared mutable state — all global variables live here.
- *
- * ES module `export let` creates live bindings: importers always see
- * the latest value.  But importers cannot reassign, so every variable
- * gets a setter function.
- */
-
-import { DataCache } from './cache.js';
-
-export let apiKey = null;
-export function setApiKey(v) { apiKey = v; }
-
-export let refreshInterval = null;
-export function setRefreshInterval(v) { refreshInterval = v; }
-
-export let kcTestAutoRefresh = null;
-export function setKcTestAutoRefresh(v) { kcTestAutoRefresh = v; }
-
-export let kcTestTargetId = null;
-export function setKcTestTargetId(v) { kcTestTargetId = v; }
-
-export let kcTestWs = null;
-export function setKcTestWs(v) { kcTestWs = v; }
-
-export let kcTestFps = 3;
-export function setKcTestFps(v) { kcTestFps = v; }
-
-export let _cachedDisplays = null;
-
-export let _displayPickerCallback = null;
-export function set_displayPickerCallback(v) { _displayPickerCallback = v; }
-
-export let _displayPickerSelectedIndex = null;
-export function set_displayPickerSelectedIndex(v) { _displayPickerSelectedIndex = v; }
-
-// Calibration
-export const calibrationTestState = {};
-
-export const EDGE_TEST_COLORS = {
-    top: [255, 0, 0],
-    right: [0, 255, 0],
-    bottom: [0, 100, 255],
-    left: [255, 255, 0]
-};
-
-// Track logged errors to avoid console spam
-export const loggedErrors = new Map();
-
-// Device brightness cache
-export let _deviceBrightnessCache = {};
-export function set_deviceBrightnessCache(v) { _deviceBrightnessCache = v; }
-export function updateDeviceBrightness(deviceId, value) {
-    _deviceBrightnessCache = { ..._deviceBrightnessCache, [deviceId]: value };
-}
-
-// Discovery state
-export let _discoveryScanRunning = false;
-export function set_discoveryScanRunning(v) { _discoveryScanRunning = v; }
-
-export let _discoveryCache = {};
-export function set_discoveryCache(v) { _discoveryCache = v; }
-
-// Streams / templates state
-export let _cachedStreams = [];
-export let _cachedPPTemplates = [];
-export let _cachedCaptureTemplates = [];
-export let _availableFilters = [];
-
-export let availableEngines = [];
-export function setAvailableEngines(v) { availableEngines = v; }
-
-export let currentEditingTemplateId = null;
-export function setCurrentEditingTemplateId(v) { currentEditingTemplateId = v; }
-
-export let _streamNameManuallyEdited = false;
-export function set_streamNameManuallyEdited(v) { _streamNameManuallyEdited = v; }
-
-export let _streamModalPPTemplates = [];
-export function set_streamModalPPTemplates(v) { _streamModalPPTemplates = v; }
-
-export let _templateNameManuallyEdited = false;
-export function set_templateNameManuallyEdited(v) { _templateNameManuallyEdited = v; }
-
-// PP template state
-export let _modalFilters = [];
-export function set_modalFilters(v) { _modalFilters = v; }
-
-export let _ppTemplateNameManuallyEdited = false;
-export function set_ppTemplateNameManuallyEdited(v) { _ppTemplateNameManuallyEdited = v; }
-
-// CSPT (Color Strip Processing Template) state
-export let _csptModalFilters = [];
-export function set_csptModalFilters(v) { _csptModalFilters = v; }
-
-export let _csptNameManuallyEdited = false;
-export function set_csptNameManuallyEdited(v) { _csptNameManuallyEdited = v; }
-
-export let _stripFilters = [];
-
-export let _cachedCSPTemplates = [];
-
-// Stream test state
-export let currentTestingTemplate = null;
-export function setCurrentTestingTemplate(v) { currentTestingTemplate = v; }
-
-export let _currentTestStreamId = null;
-export function set_currentTestStreamId(v) { _currentTestStreamId = v; }
-
-export let _currentTestPPTemplateId = null;
-export function set_currentTestPPTemplateId(v) { _currentTestPPTemplateId = v; }
-
-export let _lastValidatedImageSource = '';
-export function set_lastValidatedImageSource(v) { _lastValidatedImageSource = v; }
-
-// Target editor state
-export let _targetEditorDevices = [];
-export function set_targetEditorDevices(v) { _targetEditorDevices = v; }
-
-// KC editor state
-export let _kcNameManuallyEdited = false;
-export function set_kcNameManuallyEdited(v) { _kcNameManuallyEdited = v; }
-
-// KC WebSockets
-export const kcWebSockets = {};
-
-// LED Preview WebSockets
-export const ledPreviewWebSockets = {};
-
-// Tutorial state
-export let activeTutorial = null;
-export function setActiveTutorial(v) { activeTutorial = v; }
-
-// Confirm modal
-export let confirmResolve = null;
-export function setConfirmResolve(v) { confirmResolve = v; }
-
-// Loading guards
-export let _dashboardLoading = false;
-export function set_dashboardLoading(v) { _dashboardLoading = v; }
-
-export let _sourcesLoading = false;
-export function set_sourcesLoading(v) { _sourcesLoading = v; }
-
-export let _automationsLoading = false;
-export function set_automationsLoading(v) { _automationsLoading = v; }
-
-// Dashboard poll interval (ms), persisted in localStorage
-const _POLL_KEY = 'dashboard_poll_interval';
-const _POLL_DEFAULT = 2000;
-export let dashboardPollInterval = parseInt(localStorage.getItem(_POLL_KEY), 10) || _POLL_DEFAULT;
-export function setDashboardPollInterval(v) {
-    dashboardPollInterval = v;
-    localStorage.setItem(_POLL_KEY, String(v));
-}
-
-// Pattern template editor state
-export let patternEditorRects = [];
-export function setPatternEditorRects(v) { patternEditorRects = v; }
-
-export let patternEditorSelectedIdx = -1;
-export function setPatternEditorSelectedIdx(v) { patternEditorSelectedIdx = v; }
-
-export let patternEditorBgImage = null;
-export function setPatternEditorBgImage(v) { patternEditorBgImage = v; }
-
-export let patternCanvasDragMode = null;
-export function setPatternCanvasDragMode(v) { patternCanvasDragMode = v; }
-
-export let patternCanvasDragStart = null;
-export function setPatternCanvasDragStart(v) { patternCanvasDragStart = v; }
-
-export let patternCanvasDragOrigRect = null;
-export function setPatternCanvasDragOrigRect(v) { patternCanvasDragOrigRect = v; }
-
-export let patternEditorHoveredIdx = -1;
-export function setPatternEditorHoveredIdx(v) { patternEditorHoveredIdx = v; }
-
-export let patternEditorHoverHit = null;
-export function setPatternEditorHoverHit(v) { patternEditorHoverHit = v; }
-
-export const PATTERN_RECT_COLORS = [
-    'rgba(76,175,80,0.35)', 'rgba(33,150,243,0.35)', 'rgba(255,152,0,0.35)',
-    'rgba(156,39,176,0.35)', 'rgba(0,188,212,0.35)', 'rgba(244,67,54,0.35)',
-    'rgba(255,235,59,0.35)', 'rgba(121,85,72,0.35)',
-];
-export const PATTERN_RECT_BORDERS = [
-    '#4CAF50', '#2196F3', '#FF9800', '#9C27B0', '#00BCD4', '#F44336', '#FFEB3B', '#795548',
-];
-
-// Audio sources
-export let _cachedAudioSources = [];
-export let _cachedAudioTemplates = [];
-
-export let availableAudioEngines = [];
-export function setAvailableAudioEngines(v) { availableAudioEngines = v; }
-
-export let currentEditingAudioTemplateId = null;
-export function setCurrentEditingAudioTemplateId(v) { currentEditingAudioTemplateId = v; }
-
-export let _audioTemplateNameManuallyEdited = false;
-export function set_audioTemplateNameManuallyEdited(v) { _audioTemplateNameManuallyEdited = v; }
-
-// Value sources
-export let _cachedValueSources = [];
-
-// Sync clocks
-export let _cachedSyncClocks = [];
-
-// Automations
-export let _automationsCache = null;
-
-// ─── DataCache instances ───────────────────────────────────────────
-// Each cache syncs its data into the existing `export let` variable
-// via a subscriber, preserving backward compatibility.
-
-export const displaysCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/config/displays',
-    extractData: json => json.displays || [],
-    defaultValue: null,
-});
-displaysCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedDisplays = v; });
-
-export const streamsCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/picture-sources',
-    extractData: json => json.streams || [],
-});
-streamsCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedStreams = v; });
-
-export const ppTemplatesCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/postprocessing-templates',
-    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
-});
-ppTemplatesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedPPTemplates = v; });
-
-export const captureTemplatesCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/capture-templates',
-    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
-});
-captureTemplatesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedCaptureTemplates = v; });
-
-export const audioSourcesCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/audio-sources',
-    extractData: json => json.sources || [],
-});
-audioSourcesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedAudioSources = v; });
-
-export const audioTemplatesCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/audio-templates',
-    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
-});
-audioTemplatesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedAudioTemplates = v; });
-
-export const valueSourcesCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/value-sources',
-    extractData: json => json.sources || [],
-});
-valueSourcesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedValueSources = v; });
-
-export const syncClocksCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/sync-clocks',
-    extractData: json => json.clocks || [],
-});
-syncClocksCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedSyncClocks = v; });
-
-export const filtersCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/filters',
-    extractData: json => json.filters || [],
-});
-filtersCache.subscribe(v => { _availableFilters = v; });
-
-export const automationsCacheObj = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/automations',
-    extractData: json => json.automations || [],
-});
-automationsCacheObj.subscribe(v => { _automationsCache = v; });
-
-export const colorStripSourcesCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/color-strip-sources',
-    extractData: json => json.sources || [],
-});
-
-export const csptCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/color-strip-processing-templates',
-    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
-});
-csptCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedCSPTemplates = v; });
-
-export const stripFiltersCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/strip-filters',
-    extractData: json => json.filters || [],
-});
-stripFiltersCache.subscribe(v => { _stripFilters = v; });
-
-export const devicesCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/devices',
-    extractData: json => json.devices || [],
-});
-
-export const outputTargetsCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/output-targets',
-    extractData: json => json.targets || [],
-});
-
-export const patternTemplatesCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/pattern-templates',
-    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
-});
-
-export const scenePresetsCache = new DataCache({
-    endpoint: '/scene-presets',
-    extractData: json => json.presets || [],
-});

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/state.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+/**
+ * Shared mutable state — all global variables live here.
+ *
+ * ES module `export let` creates live bindings: importers always see
+ * the latest value.  But importers cannot reassign, so every variable
+ * gets a setter function.
+ */
+
+import { DataCache } from './cache.ts';
+import type {
+    Device, OutputTarget, ColorStripSource, PatternTemplate,
+    ValueSource, AudioSource, PictureSource, ScenePreset,
+    SyncClock, Automation, Display, FilterDef, EngineInfo,
+    CaptureTemplate, PostprocessingTemplate, AudioTemplate,
+    ColorStripProcessingTemplate,
+} from '../types.ts';
+
+export let apiKey: string | null = null;
+export function setApiKey(v: string | null) { apiKey = v; }
+
+export let refreshInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+export function setRefreshInterval(v: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null) { refreshInterval = v; }
+
+export let kcTestAutoRefresh: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null;
+export function setKcTestAutoRefresh(v: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null) { kcTestAutoRefresh = v; }
+
+export let kcTestTargetId: string | null = null;
+export function setKcTestTargetId(v: string | null) { kcTestTargetId = v; }
+
+export let kcTestWs: WebSocket | null = null;
+export function setKcTestWs(v: WebSocket | null) { kcTestWs = v; }
+
+export let kcTestFps = 3;
+export function setKcTestFps(v: number) { kcTestFps = v; }
+
+export let _cachedDisplays: Display[] | null = null;
+
+export let _displayPickerCallback: ((index: number, display?: Display | null) => void) | null = null;
+export function set_displayPickerCallback(v: ((index: number, display?: Display | null) => void) | null) { _displayPickerCallback = v; }
+
+export let _displayPickerSelectedIndex: number | null = null;
+export function set_displayPickerSelectedIndex(v: number | null) { _displayPickerSelectedIndex = v; }
+
+// Calibration
+export const calibrationTestState: Record<string, any> = {};
+
+export const EDGE_TEST_COLORS: Record<string, number[]> = {
+    top: [255, 0, 0],
+    right: [0, 255, 0],
+    bottom: [0, 100, 255],
+    left: [255, 255, 0]
+};
+
+// Track logged errors to avoid console spam
+export const loggedErrors = new Map<string, boolean>();
+
+// Device brightness cache
+export let _deviceBrightnessCache: Record<string, number> = {};
+export function set_deviceBrightnessCache(v: Record<string, number>) { _deviceBrightnessCache = v; }
+export function updateDeviceBrightness(deviceId: string, value: number) {
+    _deviceBrightnessCache = { ..._deviceBrightnessCache, [deviceId]: value };
+}
+
+// Discovery state
+export let _discoveryScanRunning = false;
+export function set_discoveryScanRunning(v: boolean) { _discoveryScanRunning = v; }
+
+export let _discoveryCache: Record<string, any> = {};
+export function set_discoveryCache(v: Record<string, any>) { _discoveryCache = v; }
+
+// Streams / templates state
+export let _cachedStreams: PictureSource[] = [];
+export let _cachedPPTemplates: PostprocessingTemplate[] = [];
+export let _cachedCaptureTemplates: CaptureTemplate[] = [];
+export let _availableFilters: FilterDef[] = [];
+
+export let availableEngines: EngineInfo[] = [];
+export function setAvailableEngines(v: EngineInfo[]) { availableEngines = v; }
+
+export let currentEditingTemplateId: string | null = null;
+export function setCurrentEditingTemplateId(v: string | null) { currentEditingTemplateId = v; }
+
+export let _streamNameManuallyEdited = false;
+export function set_streamNameManuallyEdited(v: boolean) { _streamNameManuallyEdited = v; }
+
+export let _streamModalPPTemplates: PostprocessingTemplate[] = [];
+export function set_streamModalPPTemplates(v: PostprocessingTemplate[]) { _streamModalPPTemplates = v; }
+
+export let _templateNameManuallyEdited = false;
+export function set_templateNameManuallyEdited(v: boolean) { _templateNameManuallyEdited = v; }
+
+// PP template state
+export let _modalFilters: any[] = [];
+export function set_modalFilters(v: any[]) { _modalFilters = v; }
+
+export let _ppTemplateNameManuallyEdited = false;
+export function set_ppTemplateNameManuallyEdited(v: boolean) { _ppTemplateNameManuallyEdited = v; }
+
+// CSPT (Color Strip Processing Template) state
+export let _csptModalFilters: any[] = [];
+export function set_csptModalFilters(v: any[]) { _csptModalFilters = v; }
+
+export let _csptNameManuallyEdited = false;
+export function set_csptNameManuallyEdited(v: boolean) { _csptNameManuallyEdited = v; }
+
+export let _stripFilters: FilterDef[] = [];
+
+export let _cachedCSPTemplates: ColorStripProcessingTemplate[] = [];
+
+// Stream test state
+export let currentTestingTemplate: CaptureTemplate | null = null;
+export function setCurrentTestingTemplate(v: CaptureTemplate | null) { currentTestingTemplate = v; }
+
+export let _currentTestStreamId: string | null = null;
+export function set_currentTestStreamId(v: string | null) { _currentTestStreamId = v; }
+
+export let _currentTestPPTemplateId: string | null = null;
+export function set_currentTestPPTemplateId(v: string | null) { _currentTestPPTemplateId = v; }
+
+export let _lastValidatedImageSource = '';
+export function set_lastValidatedImageSource(v: string) { _lastValidatedImageSource = v; }
+
+// Target editor state
+export let _targetEditorDevices: Device[] = [];
+export function set_targetEditorDevices(v: Device[]) { _targetEditorDevices = v; }
+
+// KC editor state
+export let _kcNameManuallyEdited = false;
+export function set_kcNameManuallyEdited(v: boolean) { _kcNameManuallyEdited = v; }
+
+// KC WebSockets
+export const kcWebSockets: Record<string, WebSocket> = {};
+
+// LED Preview WebSockets
+export const ledPreviewWebSockets: Record<string, WebSocket> = {};
+
+// Tutorial state
+export let activeTutorial: any = null;
+export function setActiveTutorial(v: any) { activeTutorial = v; }
+
+// Confirm modal
+export let confirmResolve: ((value: boolean) => void) | null = null;
+export function setConfirmResolve(v: ((value: boolean) => void) | null) { confirmResolve = v; }
+
+// Loading guards
+export let _dashboardLoading = false;
+export function set_dashboardLoading(v: boolean) { _dashboardLoading = v; }
+
+export let _sourcesLoading = false;
+export function set_sourcesLoading(v: boolean) { _sourcesLoading = v; }
+
+export let _automationsLoading = false;
+export function set_automationsLoading(v: boolean) { _automationsLoading = v; }
+
+// Dashboard poll interval (ms), persisted in localStorage
+const _POLL_KEY = 'dashboard_poll_interval';
+const _POLL_DEFAULT = 2000;
+export let dashboardPollInterval = parseInt(localStorage.getItem(_POLL_KEY) as string, 10) || _POLL_DEFAULT;
+export function setDashboardPollInterval(v: number) {
+    dashboardPollInterval = v;
+    localStorage.setItem(_POLL_KEY, String(v));
+}
+
+// Pattern template editor state
+export let patternEditorRects: any[] = [];
+export function setPatternEditorRects(v: any[]) { patternEditorRects = v; }
+
+export let patternEditorSelectedIdx = -1;
+export function setPatternEditorSelectedIdx(v: number) { patternEditorSelectedIdx = v; }
+
+export let patternEditorBgImage: HTMLImageElement | null = null;
+export function setPatternEditorBgImage(v: HTMLImageElement | null) { patternEditorBgImage = v; }
+
+export let patternCanvasDragMode: string | null = null;
+export function setPatternCanvasDragMode(v: string | null) { patternCanvasDragMode = v; }
+
+export let patternCanvasDragStart: { x?: number; y?: number; mx?: number; my?: number } | null = null;
+export function setPatternCanvasDragStart(v: { x?: number; y?: number; mx?: number; my?: number } | null) { patternCanvasDragStart = v; }
+
+export let patternCanvasDragOrigRect: any = null;
+export function setPatternCanvasDragOrigRect(v: any) { patternCanvasDragOrigRect = v; }
+
+export let patternEditorHoveredIdx = -1;
+export function setPatternEditorHoveredIdx(v: number) { patternEditorHoveredIdx = v; }
+
+export let patternEditorHoverHit: string | null = null;
+export function setPatternEditorHoverHit(v: string | null) { patternEditorHoverHit = v; }
+
+export const PATTERN_RECT_COLORS = [
+    'rgba(76,175,80,0.35)', 'rgba(33,150,243,0.35)', 'rgba(255,152,0,0.35)',
+    'rgba(156,39,176,0.35)', 'rgba(0,188,212,0.35)', 'rgba(244,67,54,0.35)',
+    'rgba(255,235,59,0.35)', 'rgba(121,85,72,0.35)',
+];
+export const PATTERN_RECT_BORDERS = [
+    '#4CAF50', '#2196F3', '#FF9800', '#9C27B0', '#00BCD4', '#F44336', '#FFEB3B', '#795548',
+];
+
+// Audio sources
+export let _cachedAudioSources: AudioSource[] = [];
+export let _cachedAudioTemplates: AudioTemplate[] = [];
+
+export let availableAudioEngines: EngineInfo[] = [];
+export function setAvailableAudioEngines(v: EngineInfo[]) { availableAudioEngines = v; }
+
+export let currentEditingAudioTemplateId: string | null = null;
+export function setCurrentEditingAudioTemplateId(v: string | null) { currentEditingAudioTemplateId = v; }
+
+export let _audioTemplateNameManuallyEdited = false;
+export function set_audioTemplateNameManuallyEdited(v: boolean) { _audioTemplateNameManuallyEdited = v; }
+
+// Value sources
+export let _cachedValueSources: ValueSource[] = [];
+
+// Sync clocks
+export let _cachedSyncClocks: SyncClock[] = [];
+
+// Automations
+export let _automationsCache: Automation[] | null = null;
+
+// ─── DataCache instances ───────────────────────────────────────────
+// Each cache syncs its data into the existing `export let` variable
+// via a subscriber, preserving backward compatibility.
+
+export const displaysCache = new DataCache<Display[] | null>({
+    endpoint: '/config/displays',
+    extractData: json => json.displays || [],
+    defaultValue: null,
+});
+displaysCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedDisplays = v; });
+
+export const streamsCache = new DataCache<PictureSource[]>({
+    endpoint: '/picture-sources',
+    extractData: json => json.streams || [],
+});
+streamsCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedStreams = v; });
+
+export const ppTemplatesCache = new DataCache<PostprocessingTemplate[]>({
+    endpoint: '/postprocessing-templates',
+    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
+});
+ppTemplatesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedPPTemplates = v; });
+
+export const captureTemplatesCache = new DataCache<CaptureTemplate[]>({
+    endpoint: '/capture-templates',
+    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
+});
+captureTemplatesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedCaptureTemplates = v; });
+
+export const audioSourcesCache = new DataCache<AudioSource[]>({
+    endpoint: '/audio-sources',
+    extractData: json => json.sources || [],
+});
+audioSourcesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedAudioSources = v; });
+
+export const audioTemplatesCache = new DataCache<AudioTemplate[]>({
+    endpoint: '/audio-templates',
+    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
+});
+audioTemplatesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedAudioTemplates = v; });
+
+export const valueSourcesCache = new DataCache<ValueSource[]>({
+    endpoint: '/value-sources',
+    extractData: json => json.sources || [],
+});
+valueSourcesCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedValueSources = v; });
+
+export const syncClocksCache = new DataCache<SyncClock[]>({
+    endpoint: '/sync-clocks',
+    extractData: json => json.clocks || [],
+});
+syncClocksCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedSyncClocks = v; });
+
+export const filtersCache = new DataCache<FilterDef[]>({
+    endpoint: '/filters',
+    extractData: json => json.filters || [],
+});
+filtersCache.subscribe(v => { _availableFilters = v; });
+
+export const automationsCacheObj = new DataCache<Automation[]>({
+    endpoint: '/automations',
+    extractData: json => json.automations || [],
+});
+automationsCacheObj.subscribe(v => { _automationsCache = v; });
+
+export const colorStripSourcesCache = new DataCache<ColorStripSource[]>({
+    endpoint: '/color-strip-sources',
+    extractData: json => json.sources || [],
+});
+
+export const csptCache = new DataCache<ColorStripProcessingTemplate[]>({
+    endpoint: '/color-strip-processing-templates',
+    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
+});
+csptCache.subscribe(v => { _cachedCSPTemplates = v; });
+
+export const stripFiltersCache = new DataCache<FilterDef[]>({
+    endpoint: '/strip-filters',
+    extractData: json => json.filters || [],
+});
+stripFiltersCache.subscribe(v => { _stripFilters = v; });
+
+export const devicesCache = new DataCache<Device[]>({
+    endpoint: '/devices',
+    extractData: json => json.devices || [],
+});
+
+export const outputTargetsCache = new DataCache<OutputTarget[]>({
+    endpoint: '/output-targets',
+    extractData: json => json.targets || [],
+});
+
+export const patternTemplatesCache = new DataCache<PatternTemplate[]>({
+    endpoint: '/pattern-templates',
+    extractData: json => json.templates || [],
+});
+
+export const scenePresetsCache = new DataCache<ScenePreset[]>({
+    endpoint: '/scene-presets',
+    extractData: json => json.presets || [],
+});

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/tab-indicator.ts

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ const TAB_SVGS = {
     graph: `<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="5" cy="6" r="3"/><circle cx="19" cy="6" r="3"/><circle cx="12" cy="18" r="3"/><path d="M7.5 7.5 10.5 16"/><path d="M16.5 7.5 13.5 16"/></svg>`,
 };
 
-let _el = null;
-let _currentTab = null;
+let _el: HTMLDivElement | null = null;
+let _currentTab: string | null = null;
 
 function _ensureEl() {
     if (_el) return _el;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export function initTabIndicator() {
     }).observe(document.documentElement, { attributes: true, attributeFilter: ['data-bg-anim'] });
 
     // Set initial tab from current active button
-    const active = document.querySelector('.tab-btn.active');
+    const active = document.querySelector('.tab-btn.active') as HTMLElement | null;
     if (active) {
         updateTabIndicator(active.dataset.tab);
     }

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/tag-input.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * TagInput — reusable chip-based tag input with autocomplete.
  *
  * Usage:
- *   import { TagInput } from '../core/tag-input.js';
+ *   import { TagInput } from '../core/tag-input.ts';
  *
  *   const tagInput = new TagInput(document.getElementById('my-container'));
  *   tagInput.setValue(['bedroom', 'gaming']);
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
  * Tags are stored lowercase, trimmed, deduplicated.
  */
 
-import { fetchWithAuth } from './api.js';
+import { fetchWithAuth } from './api.ts';
 
-let _allTagsCache = null;
-let _allTagsFetchPromise = null;
+let _allTagsCache: string[] | null = null;
+let _allTagsFetchPromise: Promise<string[]> | null = null;
 
 /** Fetch all tags from API (cached). Call invalidateTagsCache() after mutations. */
-export async function fetchAllTags() {
+export async function fetchAllTags(): Promise<string[]> {
     if (_allTagsCache) return _allTagsCache;
     if (_allTagsFetchPromise) return _allTagsFetchPromise;
     _allTagsFetchPromise = fetchWithAuth('/tags')
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export async function fetchAllTags() {
         .then(data => {
             _allTagsCache = data.tags || [];
             _allTagsFetchPromise = null;
-            return _allTagsCache;
+            return _allTagsCache!;
         })
         .catch(() => {
             _allTagsFetchPromise = null;
@@ -46,24 +46,33 @@ export function invalidateTagsCache() {
  * @param {string[]} tags
  * @returns {string} HTML string
  */
-export function renderTagChips(tags) {
+export function renderTagChips(tags: string[]): string {
     if (!tags || !tags.length) return '';
     return `<div class="card-tags">${tags.map(tag =>
         `<span class="card-tag">${_escapeHtml(tag)}</span>`
     ).join('')}</div>`;
 }
 
-function _escapeHtml(str) {
+function _escapeHtml(str: string): string {
     return str.replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
 }
 
 export class TagInput {
+    _container: HTMLElement;
+    _tags: string[];
+    _placeholder: string;
+    _dropdownVisible: boolean;
+    _selectedIdx: number;
+    _chipsEl!: HTMLElement;
+    _inputEl!: HTMLInputElement;
+    _dropdownEl!: HTMLElement;
+
     /**
      * @param {HTMLElement} container  Element to render the tag input into
      * @param {object} [opts]
      * @param {string} [opts.placeholder]  Placeholder text for input
      */
-    constructor(container, opts = {}) {
+    constructor(container: HTMLElement, opts: any = {}) {
         this._container = container;
         this._tags = [];
         this._placeholder = opts.placeholder || 'Add tag...';
@@ -74,11 +83,11 @@ export class TagInput {
         this._bindEvents();
     }
 
-    getValue() {
+    getValue(): string[] {
         return [...this._tags];
     }
 
-    setValue(tags) {
+    setValue(tags: string[]) {
         this._tags = (tags || []).map(t => t.toLowerCase().trim()).filter(Boolean);
         this._tags = [...new Set(this._tags)];
         this._renderChips();
@@ -99,9 +108,9 @@ export class TagInput {
                 <div class="tag-input-dropdown"></div>
             </div>
         `;
-        this._chipsEl = this._container.querySelector('.tag-input-chips');
-        this._inputEl = this._container.querySelector('.tag-input-field');
-        this._dropdownEl = this._container.querySelector('.tag-input-dropdown');
+        this._chipsEl = this._container.querySelector('.tag-input-chips') as HTMLElement;
+        this._inputEl = this._container.querySelector('.tag-input-field') as HTMLInputElement;
+        this._dropdownEl = this._container.querySelector('.tag-input-dropdown') as HTMLElement;
     }
 
     _renderChips() {
@@ -113,9 +122,9 @@ export class TagInput {
     _bindEvents() {
         // Chip remove buttons
         this._chipsEl.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
-            const btn = e.target.closest('.tag-chip-remove');
+            const btn = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest('.tag-chip-remove') as HTMLElement | null;
             if (!btn) return;
-            const idx = parseInt(btn.dataset.idx, 10);
+            const idx = parseInt((btn as HTMLElement).dataset.idx!, 10);
             this._tags.splice(idx, 1);
             this._renderChips();
         });
@@ -128,7 +137,7 @@ export class TagInput {
                     e.preventDefault();
                     const items = this._dropdownEl.querySelectorAll('.tag-dropdown-item');
                     if (items[this._selectedIdx]) {
-                        this._addTag(items[this._selectedIdx].dataset.tag);
+                        this._addTag((items[this._selectedIdx] as HTMLElement).dataset.tag!);
                     }
                 } else if (this._inputEl.value.trim()) {
                     e.preventDefault();
@@ -166,12 +175,12 @@ export class TagInput {
         // Dropdown click
         this._dropdownEl.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
             e.preventDefault(); // prevent blur
-            const item = e.target.closest('.tag-dropdown-item');
-            if (item) this._addTag(item.dataset.tag);
+            const item = (e.target as HTMLElement).closest('.tag-dropdown-item') as HTMLElement | null;
+            if (item) this._addTag(item.dataset.tag!);
         });
     }
 
-    _addTag(raw) {
+    _addTag(raw: string) {
         const tag = raw.toLowerCase().trim().replace(/,/g, '');
         if (!tag || this._tags.includes(tag)) {
             this._inputEl.value = '';
@@ -214,7 +223,7 @@ export class TagInput {
         this._selectedIdx = -1;
     }
 
-    _moveSelection(delta) {
+    _moveSelection(delta: number) {
         const items = this._dropdownEl.querySelectorAll('.tag-dropdown-item');
         if (!items.length) return;
         items[this._selectedIdx]?.classList.remove('tag-dropdown-active');

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/tree-nav.js

@@ -1,275 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * TreeNav — hierarchical sidebar navigation for Targets and Sources tabs.
- * Replaces flat sub-tab bars with a collapsible tree that groups related items.
- *
- * Config format:
- *   [
- *     { key, titleKey, icon?, children: [{ key, titleKey, icon?, count, subTab?, sectionKey? }] },
- *     { key, titleKey, icon?, count }   // standalone leaf (no children)
- *   ]
- */
-
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
-
-const STORAGE_KEY = 'tree_nav_collapsed';
-
-function _getCollapsedMap() {
-    try { return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY) || '{}'); }
-    catch { return {}; }
-}
-
-function _saveCollapsed(key, collapsed) {
-    const map = _getCollapsedMap();
-    if (collapsed) map[key] = true;
-    else delete map[key];
-    localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify(map));
-}
-
-export class TreeNav {
-    /**
-     * @param {string} containerId - ID of the nav element to render into
-     * @param {object} opts
-     * @param {function} opts.onSelect - callback(leafKey, leafData) when a leaf is clicked
-     */
-    constructor(containerId, { onSelect }) {
-        this.containerId = containerId;
-        this.onSelect = onSelect;
-        this._items = [];
-        this._leafMap = new Map();   // key → leaf config
-        this._activeLeaf = null;
-        this._extraHtml = '';
-        this._observerSuppressed = false;
-    }
-
-    /** Temporarily suppress scroll-spy (e.g. during programmatic scroll). */
-    suppressObserver(ms = 800) {
-        this._observerSuppressed = true;
-        clearTimeout(this._suppressTimer);
-        this._suppressTimer = setTimeout(() => { this._observerSuppressed = false; }, ms);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Full re-render of the tree.
-     * @param {Array} items - tree structure (groups and/or standalone leaves)
-     * @param {string} activeLeafKey
-     */
-    update(items, activeLeafKey) {
-        this._items = items;
-        this._activeLeaf = activeLeafKey;
-        this._buildLeafMap();
-        this._render();
-    }
-
-    /** Update only the counts without full re-render. */
-    updateCounts(countMap) {
-        const container = document.getElementById(this.containerId);
-        if (!container) return;
-        for (const [key, count] of Object.entries(countMap)) {
-            const el = container.querySelector(`[data-tree-leaf="${key}"] .tree-count`);
-            if (el) el.textContent = count;
-            // Also update in-memory
-            const leaf = this._leafMap.get(key);
-            if (leaf) leaf.count = count;
-        }
-        // Update group counts
-        container.querySelectorAll('[data-tree-group]').forEach(groupEl => {
-            let total = 0;
-            groupEl.querySelectorAll('.tree-leaf .tree-count').forEach(cnt => {
-                total += parseInt(cnt.textContent, 10) || 0;
-            });
-            const groupCount = groupEl.querySelector('.tree-group-count');
-            if (groupCount) groupCount.textContent = total;
-        });
-    }
-
-    /** Set extra HTML appended at the bottom (expand/collapse buttons, etc.) */
-    setExtraHtml(html) {
-        this._extraHtml = html;
-    }
-
-    /** Highlight a specific leaf. */
-    setActive(leafKey) {
-        this._activeLeaf = leafKey;
-        const container = document.getElementById(this.containerId);
-        if (!container) return;
-        container.querySelectorAll('.tree-leaf').forEach(el =>
-            el.classList.toggle('active', el.dataset.treeLeaf === leafKey)
-        );
-        // Also highlight standalone leaves
-        container.querySelectorAll('.tree-standalone').forEach(el =>
-            el.classList.toggle('active', el.dataset.treeLeaf === leafKey)
-        );
-    }
-
-    /** Get leaf data for a key. */
-    getLeaf(key) {
-        return this._leafMap.get(key);
-    }
-
-    /** Find the first leaf key whose subTab matches. */
-    getLeafForSubTab(subTab) {
-        for (const [key, leaf] of this._leafMap) {
-            if ((leaf.subTab || key) === subTab) return key;
-        }
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    _buildLeafMap() {
-        this._leafMap.clear();
-        for (const item of this._items) {
-            if (item.children) {
-                for (const child of item.children) {
-                    this._leafMap.set(child.key, child);
-                }
-            } else {
-                this._leafMap.set(item.key, item);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    _render() {
-        const container = document.getElementById(this.containerId);
-        if (!container) return;
-
-        const collapsed = _getCollapsedMap();
-
-        const html = this._items.map(item => {
-            if (item.children) {
-                return this._renderGroup(item, collapsed);
-            }
-            return this._renderStandalone(item);
-        }).join('');
-
-        container.innerHTML = html +
-            (this._extraHtml ? `<div class="tree-extra">${this._extraHtml}</div>` : '');
-        this._bindEvents(container);
-    }
-
-    _renderGroup(group, collapsed) {
-        const isCollapsed = !!collapsed[group.key];
-        const groupCount = group.children.reduce((sum, c) => sum + (c.count || 0), 0);
-
-        return `
-        <div class="tree-group" data-tree-group="${group.key}">
-            <div class="tree-group-header" data-tree-group-toggle="${group.key}">
-                <span class="tree-chevron${isCollapsed ? '' : ' open'}">&#9654;</span>
-                ${group.icon ? `<span class="tree-node-icon">${group.icon}</span>` : ''}
-                <span class="tree-node-title" data-i18n="${group.titleKey}">${t(group.titleKey)}</span>
-                <span class="tree-group-count">${groupCount}</span>
-            </div>
-            <div class="tree-children${isCollapsed ? ' collapsed' : ''}">
-                ${group.children.map(leaf => `
-                    <div class="tree-leaf${leaf.key === this._activeLeaf ? ' active' : ''}" data-tree-leaf="${leaf.key}">
-                        ${leaf.icon ? `<span class="tree-node-icon">${leaf.icon}</span>` : ''}
-                        <span class="tree-node-title" data-i18n="${leaf.titleKey}">${t(leaf.titleKey)}</span>
-                        <span class="tree-count">${leaf.count ?? 0}</span>
-                    </div>
-                `).join('')}
-            </div>
-        </div>`;
-    }
-
-    _renderStandalone(leaf) {
-        return `
-        <div class="tree-standalone${leaf.key === this._activeLeaf ? ' active' : ''}" data-tree-leaf="${leaf.key}">
-            ${leaf.icon ? `<span class="tree-node-icon">${leaf.icon}</span>` : ''}
-            <span class="tree-node-title" data-i18n="${leaf.titleKey}">${t(leaf.titleKey)}</span>
-            <span class="tree-count">${leaf.count ?? 0}</span>
-        </div>`;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Start observing card-section elements so the active tree leaf
-     * follows whichever section is currently visible on screen.
-     * @param {string} contentId - ID of the scrollable content container
-     * @param {Object<string,string>} [sectionMap] - optional { data-card-section → leafKey } override
-     */
-    observeSections(contentId, sectionMap) {
-        this.stopObserving();
-        const content = document.getElementById(contentId);
-        if (!content) return;
-
-        // Build sectionKey → leafKey mapping
-        const sectionToLeaf = new Map();
-        if (sectionMap) {
-            for (const [sk, lk] of Object.entries(sectionMap)) sectionToLeaf.set(sk, lk);
-        } else {
-            for (const [key, leaf] of this._leafMap) {
-                sectionToLeaf.set(leaf.sectionKey || key, key);
-            }
-        }
-
-        const stickyTop = parseInt(getComputedStyle(document.documentElement)
-            .getPropertyValue('--sticky-top')) || 90;
-
-        // Track which sections are currently intersecting
-        const visible = new Set();
-
-        this._observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
-            for (const entry of entries) {
-                if (entry.isIntersecting) visible.add(entry.target);
-                else visible.delete(entry.target);
-            }
-            if (this._observerSuppressed) return;
-            // Read fresh rects to find the topmost visible section
-            let bestEl = null;
-            let bestTop = Infinity;
-            for (const el of visible) {
-                const top = el.getBoundingClientRect().top;
-                if (top < bestTop) { bestTop = top; bestEl = el; }
-            }
-            if (bestEl) {
-                const sectionKey = bestEl.dataset.cardSection;
-                const leafKey = sectionToLeaf.get(sectionKey);
-                if (leafKey && leafKey !== this._activeLeaf) {
-                    this._activeLeaf = leafKey;
-                    this.setActive(leafKey);
-                }
-            }
-        }, {
-            rootMargin: `-${stickyTop}px 0px -40% 0px`,
-            threshold: 0
-        });
-
-        content.querySelectorAll('[data-card-section]').forEach(section => {
-            if (sectionToLeaf.has(section.dataset.cardSection)) {
-                this._observer.observe(section);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    /** Stop the scroll-spy observer. */
-    stopObserving() {
-        if (this._observer) {
-            this._observer.disconnect();
-            this._observer = null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    _bindEvents(container) {
-        // Group header toggle
-        container.querySelectorAll('.tree-group-header').forEach(header => {
-            header.addEventListener('click', () => {
-                const key = header.dataset.treeGroupToggle;
-                const children = header.nextElementSibling;
-                if (!children) return;
-                const isNowCollapsed = children.classList.toggle('collapsed');
-                const chevron = header.querySelector('.tree-chevron');
-                if (chevron) chevron.classList.toggle('open', !isNowCollapsed);
-                _saveCollapsed(key, isNowCollapsed);
-            });
-        });
-
-        // Leaf click (both grouped and standalone)
-        container.querySelectorAll('[data-tree-leaf]').forEach(el => {
-            el.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
-                // Don't trigger on group header clicks
-                if (el.closest('.tree-group-header')) return;
-                const key = el.dataset.treeLeaf;
-                this.setActive(key);
-                this.suppressObserver();
-                if (this.onSelect) this.onSelect(key, this._leafMap.get(key));
-            });
-        });
-    }
-}

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/tree-nav.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/**
+ * TreeNav — dropdown navigation for Targets and Sources tabs.
+ * Shows a compact trigger bar with the active leaf; click to open a
+ * grouped dropdown menu for switching between sections.
+ *
+ * Config format (supports arbitrary nesting):
+ *   [
+ *     { key, titleKey, icon?, children: [
+ *         { key, titleKey, icon?, children: [...] },   // nested group
+ *         { key, titleKey, icon?, count }               // leaf
+ *     ] },
+ *     { key, titleKey, icon?, count }   // standalone leaf (no children)
+ *   ]
+ */
+
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
+
+/** Recursively sum leaf counts in a tree node. */
+function _deepCount(node: any): number {
+    if (!node.children) return node.count || 0;
+    return node.children.reduce((sum: number, c: any) => sum + _deepCount(c), 0);
+}
+
+export class TreeNav {
+    containerId: string;
+    onSelect: any;
+    _items: any[];
+    _leafMap: Map<string, any>;
+    _activeLeaf: string | null;
+    _extraHtml: string;
+    _observerSuppressed: boolean;
+    _open: boolean;
+    _outsideHandler: any;
+    _escHandler: any;
+    _suppressTimer: any;
+    _observer: IntersectionObserver | null;
+
+    /**
+     * @param containerId - ID of the nav element to render into
+     * @param opts
+     * @param opts.onSelect - callback(leafKey, leafData) when a leaf is clicked
+     */
+    constructor(containerId: string, { onSelect }: { onSelect: any }) {
+        this.containerId = containerId;
+        this.onSelect = onSelect;
+        this._items = [];
+        this._leafMap = new Map();   // key → leaf config
+        this._activeLeaf = null;
+        this._extraHtml = '';
+        this._observerSuppressed = false;
+        this._open = false;
+        this._outsideHandler = null;
+        this._escHandler = null;
+        this._suppressTimer = null;
+        this._observer = null;
+    }
+
+    /** Temporarily suppress scroll-spy (e.g. during programmatic scroll). */
+    suppressObserver(ms = 800) {
+        this._observerSuppressed = true;
+        clearTimeout(this._suppressTimer);
+        this._suppressTimer = setTimeout(() => { this._observerSuppressed = false; }, ms);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Full re-render of the nav.
+     * @param items - tree structure (groups and/or standalone leaves)
+     * @param activeLeafKey
+     */
+    update(items: any[], activeLeafKey: string) {
+        this._items = items;
+        this._activeLeaf = activeLeafKey;
+        this._buildLeafMap();
+        this._render();
+    }
+
+    /** Update only the counts without full re-render. */
+    updateCounts(countMap: Record<string, any>) {
+        const container = document.getElementById(this.containerId);
+        if (!container) return;
+        for (const [key, count] of Object.entries(countMap)) {
+            // Update leaves in dropdown panel
+            const els = container.querySelectorAll(`[data-tree-leaf="${key}"] .tree-count`);
+            els.forEach(el => { el.textContent = String(count); });
+            // Update in-memory
+            const leaf = this._leafMap.get(key);
+            if (leaf) leaf.count = count;
+        }
+        // Update group counts (bottom-up: deepest first)
+        const groups = Array.from(container.querySelectorAll('[data-tree-group]')) as HTMLElement[];
+        groups.reverse();
+        for (const groupEl of groups) {
+            let total = 0;
+            for (const cnt of Array.from(groupEl.querySelectorAll(':scope > .tree-dd-children > [data-tree-leaf] .tree-count'))) {
+                total += parseInt(cnt.textContent || '0', 10) || 0;
+            }
+            for (const cnt of Array.from(groupEl.querySelectorAll(':scope > .tree-dd-children > [data-tree-group] > .tree-dd-group-header .tree-dd-group-count'))) {
+                total += parseInt(cnt.textContent || '0', 10) || 0;
+            }
+            const gc = groupEl.querySelector(':scope > .tree-dd-group-header .tree-dd-group-count');
+            if (gc) gc.textContent = String(total);
+        }
+        // Update trigger display if active leaf count changed
+        if (this._activeLeaf && countMap[this._activeLeaf] !== undefined) {
+            this._updateTrigger();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Set extra HTML appended in the trigger bar (expand/collapse buttons, etc.) */
+    setExtraHtml(html: string) {
+        this._extraHtml = html;
+    }
+
+    /** Highlight a specific leaf. */
+    setActive(leafKey: string) {
+        this._activeLeaf = leafKey;
+        const container = document.getElementById(this.containerId);
+        if (!container) return;
+        container.querySelectorAll('[data-tree-leaf]').forEach(el =>
+            (el as HTMLElement).classList.toggle('active', (el as HTMLElement).dataset.treeLeaf === leafKey)
+        );
+        this._updateTrigger();
+    }
+
+    /** Get leaf data for a key. */
+    getLeaf(key: string) {
+        return this._leafMap.get(key);
+    }
+
+    /** Find the first leaf key whose subTab matches. */
+    getLeafForSubTab(subTab: string) {
+        for (const [key, leaf] of Array.from(this._leafMap)) {
+            if ((leaf.subTab || key) === subTab) return key;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // ── internal ──
+
+    _buildLeafMap() {
+        this._leafMap.clear();
+        this._collectLeaves(this._items);
+    }
+
+    _collectLeaves(items: any[]) {
+        for (const item of items) {
+            if (item.children) {
+                this._collectLeaves(item.children);
+            } else {
+                this._leafMap.set(item.key, item);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    _render() {
+        const container = document.getElementById(this.containerId);
+        if (!container) return;
+
+        const leaf = this._leafMap.get(this._activeLeaf!);
+        const triggerIcon = leaf?.icon || '';
+        const triggerTitle = leaf ? t(leaf.titleKey) : '';
+        const triggerCount = leaf?.count ?? 0;
+
+        const panelHtml = this._items.map(item =>
+            item.children ? this._renderGroup(item, 0) : this._renderLeaf(item)
+        ).join('');
+
+        container.innerHTML = `
+            <div class="tree-dd-trigger" data-tree-trigger>
+                <span class="tree-dd-trigger-icon">${triggerIcon}</span>
+                <span class="tree-dd-trigger-title">${triggerTitle}</span>
+                <span class="tree-dd-trigger-count tree-count">${triggerCount}</span>
+                <span class="tree-dd-chevron">&#9662;</span>
+                ${this._extraHtml ? `<span class="tree-dd-extra">${this._extraHtml}</span>` : ''}
+            </div>
+            <div class="tree-dd-panel" data-tree-panel>
+                ${panelHtml}
+            </div>`;
+
+        this._bindEvents(container);
+    }
+
+    _renderGroup(group: any, depth: number) {
+        const groupCount = _deepCount(group);
+        const childrenHtml = group.children.map((child: any) =>
+            child.children ? this._renderGroup(child, depth + 1) : this._renderLeaf(child)
+        ).join('');
+
+        return `
+        <div class="tree-dd-group" data-tree-group="${group.key}">
+            <div class="tree-dd-group-header tree-dd-depth-${depth}">
+                ${group.icon ? `<span class="tree-node-icon">${group.icon}</span>` : ''}
+                <span class="tree-dd-group-title" data-i18n="${group.titleKey}">${t(group.titleKey)}</span>
+                <span class="tree-dd-group-count">${groupCount}</span>
+            </div>
+            <div class="tree-dd-children">
+                ${childrenHtml}
+            </div>
+        </div>`;
+    }
+
+    _renderLeaf(leaf: any) {
+        const isActive = leaf.key === this._activeLeaf;
+        return `
+        <div class="tree-dd-leaf${isActive ? ' active' : ''}" data-tree-leaf="${leaf.key}">
+            ${leaf.icon ? `<span class="tree-node-icon">${leaf.icon}</span>` : ''}
+            <span class="tree-node-title" data-i18n="${leaf.titleKey}">${t(leaf.titleKey)}</span>
+            <span class="tree-count">${leaf.count ?? 0}</span>
+        </div>`;
+    }
+
+    _updateTrigger() {
+        const container = document.getElementById(this.containerId);
+        if (!container) return;
+        const leaf = this._leafMap.get(this._activeLeaf!);
+        if (!leaf) return;
+        const icon = container.querySelector('.tree-dd-trigger-icon');
+        const title = container.querySelector('.tree-dd-trigger-title');
+        const count = container.querySelector('.tree-dd-trigger-count');
+        if (icon) icon.innerHTML = leaf.icon || '';
+        if (title) title.textContent = t(leaf.titleKey);
+        if (count) count.textContent = String(leaf.count ?? 0);
+    }
+
+    _openDropdown(container: HTMLElement) {
+        if (this._open) return;
+        this._open = true;
+        const panel = container.querySelector('[data-tree-panel]') as HTMLElement | null;
+        const trigger = container.querySelector('[data-tree-trigger]') as HTMLElement | null;
+        if (panel) panel.classList.add('open');
+        if (trigger) trigger.classList.add('open');
+
+        this._outsideHandler = (e: Event) => {
+            const inTrigger = trigger && trigger.contains(e.target as Node);
+            const inPanel = panel && panel.contains(e.target as Node);
+            if (!inTrigger && !inPanel) this._closeDropdown(container);
+        };
+        this._escHandler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
+            if (e.key === 'Escape') this._closeDropdown(container);
+        };
+        // Use timeout so the current pointerdown doesn't immediately trigger close
+        setTimeout(() => {
+            window.addEventListener('mousedown', this._outsideHandler, true);
+            window.addEventListener('pointerdown', this._outsideHandler, true);
+            window.addEventListener('keydown', this._escHandler, true);
+        }, 0);
+    }
+
+    _closeDropdown(container: HTMLElement) {
+        if (!this._open) return;
+        this._open = false;
+        const panel = container.querySelector('[data-tree-panel]') as HTMLElement | null;
+        const trigger = container.querySelector('[data-tree-trigger]') as HTMLElement | null;
+        if (panel) panel.classList.remove('open');
+        if (trigger) trigger.classList.remove('open');
+        window.removeEventListener('mousedown', this._outsideHandler, true);
+        window.removeEventListener('pointerdown', this._outsideHandler, true);
+        window.removeEventListener('keydown', this._escHandler, true);
+    }
+
+    _bindEvents(container: HTMLElement) {
+        // Trigger click — toggle dropdown
+        const trigger = container.querySelector('[data-tree-trigger]');
+        if (trigger) {
+            trigger.addEventListener('pointerdown', (e) => {
+                // Don't toggle when clicking extra buttons (expand/collapse/help)
+                if ((e.target as HTMLElement).closest('.tree-dd-extra')) return;
+                e.preventDefault();
+                if (this._open) this._closeDropdown(container);
+                else this._openDropdown(container);
+            });
+        }
+
+        // Leaf click — select and close
+        container.querySelectorAll('[data-tree-leaf]').forEach(el => {
+            el.addEventListener('click', () => {
+                const key = (el as HTMLElement).dataset.treeLeaf;
+                this.setActive(key!);
+                this._closeDropdown(container);
+                this.suppressObserver();
+                if (this.onSelect) this.onSelect(key, this._leafMap.get(key!));
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start observing card-section elements so the active tree leaf
+     * follows whichever section is currently visible on screen.
+     * @param contentId - ID of the scrollable content container
+     * @param sectionMap - optional { data-card-section → leafKey } override
+     */
+    observeSections(contentId: string, sectionMap?: Record<string, string>) {
+        this.stopObserving();
+        const content = document.getElementById(contentId);
+        if (!content) return;
+
+        // Build sectionKey → leafKey mapping
+        const sectionToLeaf = new Map<string, string>();
+        if (sectionMap) {
+            for (const [sk, lk] of Object.entries(sectionMap)) sectionToLeaf.set(sk, lk);
+        } else {
+            for (const [key, leaf] of Array.from(this._leafMap)) {
+                sectionToLeaf.set(leaf.sectionKey || key, key);
+            }
+        }
+
+        const stickyTop = parseInt(getComputedStyle(document.documentElement)
+            .getPropertyValue('--sticky-top')) || 90;
+
+        // Track which sections are currently intersecting
+        const visible = new Set<Element>();
+
+        this._observer = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {
+            for (const entry of entries) {
+                if (entry.isIntersecting) visible.add(entry.target);
+                else visible.delete(entry.target);
+            }
+            if (this._observerSuppressed) return;
+            // Read fresh rects to find the topmost visible section
+            let bestEl: Element | null = null;
+            let bestTop = Infinity;
+            for (const el of Array.from(visible)) {
+                const top = el.getBoundingClientRect().top;
+                if (top < bestTop) { bestTop = top; bestEl = el; }
+            }
+            if (bestEl) {
+                const sectionKey = (bestEl as HTMLElement).dataset.cardSection;
+                const leafKey = sectionToLeaf.get(sectionKey!);
+                if (leafKey && leafKey !== this._activeLeaf) {
+                    this._activeLeaf = leafKey;
+                    this.setActive(leafKey);
+                }
+            }
+        }, {
+            rootMargin: `-${stickyTop}px 0px -40% 0px`,
+            threshold: 0
+        });
+
+        content.querySelectorAll('[data-card-section]').forEach(section => {
+            if (sectionToLeaf.has((section as HTMLElement).dataset.cardSection!)) {
+                this._observer!.observe(section);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /** Stop the scroll-spy observer. */
+    stopObserving() {
+        if (this._observer) {
+            this._observer.disconnect();
+            this._observer = null;
+        }
+    }
+}

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/core/ui.ts

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
  * UI utilities — modal helpers, lightbox, toast, confirm.
  */
 
-import { kcTestAutoRefresh, setKcTestAutoRefresh, setKcTestTargetId, kcTestWs, setKcTestWs, confirmResolve, setConfirmResolve } from './state.js';
-import { t } from './i18n.js';
+import { kcTestAutoRefresh, setKcTestAutoRefresh, setKcTestTargetId, kcTestWs, setKcTestWs, confirmResolve, setConfirmResolve } from './state.ts';
+import { t } from './i18n.ts';
 
 /** Returns true on touch devices where auto-focus would pop up the virtual keyboard */
 export function isTouchDevice() {
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ export function isTouchDevice() {
 }
 
 /** Focus element only on non-touch devices (avoids virtual keyboard popup on mobile) */
-export function desktopFocus(el) {
+export function desktopFocus(el: HTMLElement | null) {
     if (el && !isTouchDevice()) el.focus();
 }
 
-export function toggleHint(btn) {
-    const hint = btn.closest('.label-row').nextElementSibling;
+export function toggleHint(btn: HTMLElement) {
+    const hint = btn.closest('.label-row')!.nextElementSibling as HTMLElement | null;
     if (hint && hint.classList.contains('input-hint')) {
         const visible = hint.style.display !== 'none';
         hint.style.display = visible ? 'none' : 'block';
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ export function toggleHint(btn) {
 
 const FOCUSABLE = 'button:not([disabled]), [href], input:not([disabled]):not([type="hidden"]), select:not([disabled]), textarea:not([disabled]), [tabindex]:not([tabindex="-1"])';
 
-export function trapFocus(modal) {
-    modal._trapHandler = (e) => {
+export function trapFocus(modal: any) {
+    modal._trapHandler = (e: KeyboardEvent) => {
         if (e.key !== 'Tab') return;
-        const focusable = [...modal.querySelectorAll(FOCUSABLE)].filter(el => el.offsetParent !== null);
+        const focusable = [...modal.querySelectorAll(FOCUSABLE)].filter((el: HTMLElement) => el.offsetParent !== null);
         if (!focusable.length) return;
         const first = focusable[0];
         const last = focusable[focusable.length - 1];
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ export function trapFocus(modal) {
     modal.addEventListener('keydown', modal._trapHandler);
 }
 
-export function releaseFocus(modal) {
+export function releaseFocus(modal: any) {
     if (modal._trapHandler) {
         modal.removeEventListener('keydown', modal._trapHandler);
         modal._trapHandler = null;
     }
 }
 
-export function setupBackdropClose(modal, closeFn) {
+export function setupBackdropClose(modal: any, closeFn: () => void) {
     if (modal._backdropCloseSetup) {
         modal._backdropCloseFn = closeFn;
         return;
@@ -67,13 +67,10 @@ export function setupBackdropClose(modal, closeFn) {
 }
 
 let _lockCount = 0;
-let _savedScrollY = 0;
 
 export function lockBody() {
     if (_lockCount === 0) {
-        _savedScrollY = window.scrollY;
-        document.body.style.top = `-${_savedScrollY}px`;
-        document.body.classList.add('modal-open');
+        document.documentElement.classList.add('modal-open');
     }
     _lockCount++;
 }
@@ -82,16 +79,14 @@ export function unlockBody() {
     if (_lockCount <= 0) return;
     _lockCount--;
     if (_lockCount === 0) {
-        document.body.classList.remove('modal-open');
-        document.body.style.top = '';
-        window.scrollTo(0, _savedScrollY);
+        document.documentElement.classList.remove('modal-open');
     }
 }
 
-export function openLightbox(imageSrc, statsHtml) {
-    const lightbox = document.getElementById('image-lightbox');
-    const img = document.getElementById('lightbox-image');
-    const statsEl = document.getElementById('lightbox-stats');
+export function openLightbox(imageSrc: string, statsHtml?: string) {
+    const lightbox = document.getElementById('image-lightbox')!;
+    const img = document.getElementById('lightbox-image') as HTMLImageElement;
+    const statsEl = document.getElementById('lightbox-stats')!;
     img.src = imageSrc;
     if (statsHtml) {
         statsEl.innerHTML = statsHtml;
@@ -103,18 +98,18 @@ export function openLightbox(imageSrc, statsHtml) {
     lockBody();
 }
 
-export function closeLightbox(event) {
-    if (event && event.target && event.target.closest('.lightbox-content')) return;
+export function closeLightbox(event?: Event) {
+    if (event && event.target && (event.target as HTMLElement).closest('.lightbox-content')) return;
     // Stop KC test WS if running
     stopKCTestAutoRefresh();
-    const lightbox = document.getElementById('image-lightbox');
+    const lightbox = document.getElementById('image-lightbox')!;
     lightbox.classList.remove('active');
-    const img = document.getElementById('lightbox-image');
+    const img = document.getElementById('lightbox-image') as HTMLImageElement;
     if (img.src.startsWith('blob:')) URL.revokeObjectURL(img.src);
     img.src = '';
     img.style.display = '';
-    document.getElementById('lightbox-stats').style.display = 'none';
-    const spinner = lightbox.querySelector('.lightbox-spinner');
+    document.getElementById('lightbox-stats')!.style.display = 'none';
+    const spinner = lightbox.querySelector('.lightbox-spinner') as HTMLElement | null;
     if (spinner) spinner.style.display = 'none';
     unlockBody();
 }
@@ -131,8 +126,8 @@ export function stopKCTestAutoRefresh() {
     setKcTestTargetId(null);
 }
 
-export function showToast(message, type = 'info') {
-    const toast = document.getElementById('toast');
+export function showToast(message: string, type = 'info') {
+    const toast = document.getElementById('toast')!;
     toast.textContent = message;
     toast.className = `toast ${type} show`;
     setTimeout(() => {
@@ -140,15 +135,52 @@ export function showToast(message, type = 'info') {
     }, 3000);
 }
 
-export function showConfirm(message, title = null) {
+let _undoTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+/**
+ * Show a toast with an Undo button. Executes `action` after `delay` ms
+ * unless the user clicks Undo (which calls `undoFn`).
+ */
+export function showUndoToast(message: string, action: () => void, undoFn: () => void, delay = 5000) {
+    if (_undoTimer) { clearTimeout(_undoTimer); _undoTimer = null; }
+
+    const toast = document.getElementById('toast')!;
+    toast.className = 'toast info show';
+    toast.style.setProperty('--toast-duration', `${delay}ms`);
+    toast.innerHTML = `<div class="toast-with-action">
+        <span class="toast-message">${message}</span>
+        <button class="toast-undo-btn">${t('common.undo')}</button>
+    </div>
+    <div class="toast-timer"></div>`;
+
+    let cancelled = false;
+
+    const undoBtn = toast.querySelector('.toast-undo-btn')!;
+    undoBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+        cancelled = true;
+        if (_undoTimer) { clearTimeout(_undoTimer); _undoTimer = null; }
+        undoFn();
+        toast.className = 'toast';
+        toast.innerHTML = '';
+    }, { once: true });
+
+    _undoTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+        _undoTimer = null;
+        if (!cancelled) action();
+        toast.className = 'toast';
+        toast.innerHTML = '';
+    }, delay);
+}
+
+export function showConfirm(message: string, title: string | null = null) {
     return new Promise((resolve) => {
         setConfirmResolve(resolve);
 
-        const modal = document.getElementById('confirm-modal');
-        const titleEl = document.getElementById('confirm-modal-title');
-        const messageEl = document.getElementById('confirm-message');
-        const yesBtn = document.getElementById('confirm-yes-btn');
-        const noBtn = document.getElementById('confirm-no-btn');
+        const modal = document.getElementById('confirm-modal')!;
+        const titleEl = document.getElementById('confirm-modal-title')!;
+        const messageEl = document.getElementById('confirm-message')!;
+        const yesBtn = document.getElementById('confirm-yes-btn')!;
+        const noBtn = document.getElementById('confirm-no-btn')!;
 
         titleEl.textContent = title || t('confirm.title');
         messageEl.textContent = message;
@@ -161,8 +193,8 @@ export function showConfirm(message, title = null) {
     });
 }
 
-export function closeConfirmModal(result) {
-    const modal = document.getElementById('confirm-modal');
+export function closeConfirmModal(result: boolean) {
+    const modal = document.getElementById('confirm-modal')!;
     releaseFocus(modal);
     modal.style.display = 'none';
     unlockBody();
@@ -173,7 +205,7 @@ export function closeConfirmModal(result) {
     }
 }
 
-export async function openFullImageLightbox(imageSource) {
+export async function openFullImageLightbox(imageSource: string) {
     try {
         const { API_BASE, getHeaders } = await import('./api.js');
         const resp = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/picture-sources/full-image?source=${encodeURIComponent(imageSource)}`, {
@@ -189,7 +221,7 @@ export async function openFullImageLightbox(imageSource) {
 }
 
 // Overlay spinner (used by capture/stream tests)
-export function showOverlaySpinner(text, duration = 0) {
+export function showOverlaySpinner(text: string, duration = 0) {
     const existing = document.getElementById('overlay-spinner');
     if (existing) {
         if (window.overlaySpinnerTimer) {
@@ -215,7 +247,7 @@ export function showOverlaySpinner(text, duration = 0) {
     overlay.appendChild(closeBtn);
 
     // ESC key handler
-    function onEsc(e) {
+    function onEsc(e: KeyboardEvent) {
         if (e.key === 'Escape') hideOverlaySpinner();
     }
     window._overlayEscHandler = onEsc;
@@ -236,15 +268,15 @@ export function showOverlaySpinner(text, duration = 0) {
     bgCircle.setAttribute('class', 'progress-ring-bg');
     bgCircle.setAttribute('cx', '60');
     bgCircle.setAttribute('cy', '60');
-    bgCircle.setAttribute('r', radius);
+    bgCircle.setAttribute('r', String(radius));
 
     const progressCircle = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'circle');
     progressCircle.setAttribute('class', 'progress-ring-circle');
     progressCircle.setAttribute('cx', '60');
     progressCircle.setAttribute('cy', '60');
-    progressCircle.setAttribute('r', radius);
-    progressCircle.style.strokeDasharray = circumference;
-    progressCircle.style.strokeDashoffset = circumference;
+    progressCircle.setAttribute('r', String(radius));
+    progressCircle.style.strokeDasharray = String(circumference);
+    progressCircle.style.strokeDashoffset = String(circumference);
 
     svg.appendChild(bgCircle);
     svg.appendChild(progressCircle);
@@ -288,7 +320,7 @@ export function showOverlaySpinner(text, duration = 0) {
             const progress = Math.min(elapsed / duration, 1);
             const percentage = Math.round(progress * 100);
             const offset = circumference - (progress * circumference);
-            progressCircle.style.strokeDashoffset = offset;
+            progressCircle.style.strokeDashoffset = String(offset);
             progressPercentage.textContent = `${percentage}%`;
             if (progress >= 1) {
                 clearInterval(window.overlaySpinnerTimer);
@@ -319,8 +351,8 @@ export function hideOverlaySpinner() {
  * Update the overlay spinner with a live preview thumbnail and stats.
  * Call this while the spinner is open to show intermediate test frames.
  */
-export function updateOverlayPreview(thumbnailSrc, stats) {
-    const img = document.getElementById('overlay-preview-img');
+export function updateOverlayPreview(thumbnailSrc: string, stats: any) {
+    const img = document.getElementById('overlay-preview-img') as HTMLImageElement | null;
     const statsEl = document.getElementById('overlay-preview-stats');
     if (!img || !statsEl) return;
     if (thumbnailSrc) {
@@ -333,10 +365,53 @@ export function updateOverlayPreview(thumbnailSrc, stats) {
     }
 }
 
+// ── Inline field validation ──
+
+/** Mark a field as invalid with an error message. */
+export function setFieldError(input: HTMLInputElement | HTMLSelectElement, message: string) {
+    input.classList.add('field-invalid');
+    clearFieldError(input); // remove existing
+    if (message) {
+        const msg = document.createElement('span');
+        msg.className = 'field-error-msg';
+        msg.textContent = message;
+        input.parentElement?.appendChild(msg);
+    }
+}
+
+/** Clear field error state. */
+export function clearFieldError(input: HTMLInputElement | HTMLSelectElement) {
+    input.classList.remove('field-invalid');
+    const existing = input.parentElement?.querySelector('.field-error-msg');
+    if (existing) existing.remove();
+}
+
+/** Validate a required field on blur. Returns true if valid. */
+export function validateRequired(input: HTMLInputElement | HTMLSelectElement, errorMsg?: string): boolean {
+    const value = input.value.trim();
+    if (!value) {
+        setFieldError(input, errorMsg || t('validation.required'));
+        return false;
+    }
+    clearFieldError(input);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/** Set up blur validation on required fields within a container. */
+export function setupBlurValidation(container: HTMLElement) {
+    const fields = container.querySelectorAll('input[required], select[required]') as NodeListOf<HTMLInputElement | HTMLSelectElement>;
+    fields.forEach(field => {
+        field.addEventListener('blur', () => validateRequired(field));
+        field.addEventListener('input', () => {
+            if (field.classList.contains('field-invalid')) clearFieldError(field);
+        });
+    });
+}
+
 /** Toggle the thin loading bar on a tab panel during data refresh.
  *  Delays showing the bar by 400ms so quick loads never flash it. */
-const _refreshTimers = {};
-export function setTabRefreshing(containerId, refreshing) {
+const _refreshTimers: Record<string, ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>> = {};
+export function setTabRefreshing(containerId: string, refreshing: boolean) {
     const panel = document.getElementById(containerId)?.closest('.tab-panel');
     if (!panel) return;
     if (refreshing) {
@@ -351,7 +426,7 @@ export function setTabRefreshing(containerId, refreshing) {
 }
 
 /** Format a large number compactly: 999 → "999", 1200 → "1.2K", 2500000 → "2.5M" */
-export function formatCompact(n) {
+export function formatCompact(n: number | null | undefined) {
     if (n == null || n < 0) return '-';
     if (n < 1000) return String(n);
     if (n < 1_000_000) {
@@ -366,7 +441,7 @@ export function formatCompact(n) {
     return (v < 10 ? v.toFixed(1) : Math.round(v)) + 'B';
 }
 
-export function formatUptime(seconds) {
+export function formatUptime(seconds: number | null | undefined) {
     if (!seconds || seconds <= 0) return '-';
     const h = Math.floor(seconds / 3600);
     const m = Math.floor((seconds % 3600) / 60);

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/features/advanced-calibration.ts

@@ -5,13 +5,69 @@
  * The canvas shows monitor rectangles that can be repositioned for visual clarity.
  */
 
-import { API_BASE, fetchWithAuth } from '../core/api.js';
-import { colorStripSourcesCache } from '../core/state.js';
-import { t } from '../core/i18n.js';
-import { showToast } from '../core/ui.js';
-import { Modal } from '../core/modal.js';
-import { EntitySelect } from '../core/entity-palette.js';
-import { getPictureSourceIcon } from '../core/icons.js';
+import { API_BASE, fetchWithAuth } from '../core/api.ts';
+import { colorStripSourcesCache } from '../core/state.ts';
+import { t } from '../core/i18n.ts';
+import { showToast } from '../core/ui.ts';
+import { Modal } from '../core/modal.ts';
+import { EntitySelect } from '../core/entity-palette.ts';
+import { getPictureSourceIcon } from '../core/icons.ts';
+import type { Calibration, CalibrationLine, PictureSource } from '../types.ts';
+
+/* ── Types ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
+
+interface MonitorRect {
+    id: string;
+    name: string;
+    width: number;
+    height: number;
+    cx: number;
+    cy: number;
+    cw: number;
+    ch: number;
+}
+
+interface CalibrationState {
+    cssId: string | null;
+    lines: CalibrationLine[];
+    monitors: MonitorRect[];
+    pictureSources: PictureSource[];
+    totalLedCount: number;
+    selectedLine: number;
+    dragging: DragState | null;
+}
+
+interface DragMonitorState {
+    type: 'monitor';
+    monIdx: number;
+    startX: number;
+    startY: number;
+    origCx: number;
+    origCy: number;
+}
+
+interface DragPanState {
+    type: 'pan';
+    startX: number;
+    startY: number;
+    origPanX: number;
+    origPanY: number;
+}
+
+type DragState = DragMonitorState | DragPanState;
+
+interface ViewState {
+    panX: number;
+    panY: number;
+    zoom: number;
+}
+
+interface LineCoords {
+    x1: number;
+    y1: number;
+    x2: number;
+    y2: number;
+}
 
 /* ── Constants ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
@@ -36,18 +92,18 @@ const LINE_THICKNESS_PX = 6;
 
 /* ── State ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
-let _state = {
+let _state: CalibrationState = {
     cssId: null,
-    lines: [],          // [{picture_source_id, edge, led_count, span_start, span_end, reverse, border_width}]
-    monitors: [],       // [{id, name, width, height, cx, cy, cw, ch}] — canvas coords
-    pictureSources: [], // raw API data
-    totalLedCount: 0,   // total LED count from the CSS source
+    lines: [],
+    monitors: [],
+    pictureSources: [],
+    totalLedCount: 0,
     selectedLine: -1,
-    dragging: null,     // {type:'monitor'|'pan', ...}
+    dragging: null,
 };
 
 // Zoom/pan view state
-let _view = { panX: 0, panY: 0, zoom: 1.0 };
+let _view: ViewState = { panX: 0, panY: 0, zoom: 1.0 };
 const MIN_ZOOM = 0.25;
 const MAX_ZOOM = 4.0;
 
@@ -55,15 +111,15 @@ const MAX_ZOOM = 4.0;
 
 class AdvancedCalibrationModal extends Modal {
     constructor() { super('advanced-calibration-modal'); }
-    snapshotValues() {
+    snapshotValues(): Record<string, string> {
         return {
             lines: JSON.stringify(_state.lines),
-            offset: document.getElementById('advcal-offset')?.value || '0',
-            skipStart: document.getElementById('advcal-skip-start')?.value || '0',
-            skipEnd: document.getElementById('advcal-skip-end')?.value || '0',
+            offset: (document.getElementById('advcal-offset') as HTMLInputElement)?.value || '0',
+            skipStart: (document.getElementById('advcal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement)?.value || '0',
+            skipEnd: (document.getElementById('advcal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement)?.value || '0',
         };
     }
-    onForceClose() {
+    onForceClose(): void {
         if (_lineSourceEntitySelect) { _lineSourceEntitySelect.destroy(); _lineSourceEntitySelect = null; }
         _state.cssId = null;
         _state.lines = [];
@@ -76,7 +132,7 @@ const _modal = new AdvancedCalibrationModal();
 
 /* ── Public API ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
-export async function showAdvancedCalibration(cssId) {
+export async function showAdvancedCalibration(cssId: string): Promise<void> {
     try {
         const [cssSources, psResp] = await Promise.all([
             colorStripSourcesCache.fetch(),
@@ -84,14 +140,14 @@ export async function showAdvancedCalibration(cssId) {
         ]);
         const source = cssSources.find(s => s.id === cssId);
         if (!source) { showToast(t('calibration.error.css_load_failed'), 'error'); return; }
-        const calibration = source.calibration || {};
+        const calibration: Calibration = source.calibration || {} as Calibration;
         const psList = psResp.ok ? ((await psResp.json()).streams || []) : [];
 
         _state.cssId = cssId;
         _state.pictureSources = psList;
         _state.totalLedCount = source.led_count || 0;
 
-        document.getElementById('advcal-css-id').value = cssId;
+        (document.getElementById('advcal-css-id') as HTMLInputElement).value = cssId;
 
         // Populate picture source selector
         _populateSourceSelect(psList);
@@ -103,9 +159,9 @@ export async function showAdvancedCalibration(cssId) {
             _state.lines = [];
         }
 
-        document.getElementById('advcal-offset').value = calibration.offset || 0;
-        document.getElementById('advcal-skip-start').value = calibration.skip_leds_start || 0;
-        document.getElementById('advcal-skip-end').value = calibration.skip_leds_end || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('advcal-offset') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.offset || 0);
+        (document.getElementById('advcal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.skip_leds_start || 0);
+        (document.getElementById('advcal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.skip_leds_end || 0);
 
         // Build monitor rectangles from used picture sources and fit view
         _rebuildUsedMonitors();
@@ -131,11 +187,11 @@ export async function showAdvancedCalibration(cssId) {
     }
 }
 
-export async function closeAdvancedCalibration() {
+export async function closeAdvancedCalibration(): Promise<void> {
     await _modal.close();
 }
 
-export async function saveAdvancedCalibration() {
+export async function saveAdvancedCalibration(): Promise<void> {
     const cssId = _state.cssId;
     if (!cssId) return;
 
@@ -155,9 +211,9 @@ export async function saveAdvancedCalibration() {
             reverse: l.reverse,
             border_width: l.border_width,
         })),
-        offset: parseInt(document.getElementById('advcal-offset').value) || 0,
-        skip_leds_start: parseInt(document.getElementById('advcal-skip-start').value) || 0,
-        skip_leds_end: parseInt(document.getElementById('advcal-skip-end').value) || 0,
+        offset: parseInt((document.getElementById('advcal-offset') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 0,
+        skip_leds_start: parseInt((document.getElementById('advcal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 0,
+        skip_leds_end: parseInt((document.getElementById('advcal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 0,
     };
 
     try {
@@ -172,15 +228,17 @@ export async function saveAdvancedCalibration() {
             _modal.forceClose();
         } else {
             const err = await resp.json().catch(() => ({}));
-            showToast(err.message || t('calibration.error.save_failed'), 'error');
+            const detail = err.detail || err.message || '';
+            const detailStr = Array.isArray(detail) ? detail.map(d => d.msg || d).join('; ') : String(detail);
+            showToast(detailStr || t('calibration.error.save_failed'), 'error');
         }
     } catch (error) {
         if (error.isAuth) return;
-        showToast(t('calibration.error.save_failed'), 'error');
+        showToast(error.message || t('calibration.error.save_failed'), 'error');
     }
 }
 
-export function addCalibrationLine() {
+export function addCalibrationLine(): void {
     const defaultSource = _state.pictureSources[0]?.id || '';
     const hadMonitors = _state.monitors.length;
     _state.lines.push({
@@ -205,7 +263,7 @@ export function addCalibrationLine() {
     _updateTotalLeds();
 }
 
-export function removeCalibrationLine(idx) {
+export function removeCalibrationLine(idx: number): void {
     if (idx < 0 || idx >= _state.lines.length) return;
     _state.lines.splice(idx, 1);
     if (_state.selectedLine >= _state.lines.length) {
@@ -218,7 +276,7 @@ export function removeCalibrationLine(idx) {
     _updateTotalLeds();
 }
 
-export function selectCalibrationLine(idx) {
+export function selectCalibrationLine(idx: number): void {
     const prev = _state.selectedLine;
     _state.selectedLine = idx;
     // Update selection in-place without rebuilding the list DOM
@@ -230,7 +288,7 @@ export function selectCalibrationLine(idx) {
     _renderCanvas();
 }
 
-export function moveCalibrationLine(idx, direction) {
+export function moveCalibrationLine(idx: number, direction: number): void {
     const newIdx = idx + direction;
     if (newIdx < 0 || newIdx >= _state.lines.length) return;
     [_state.lines[idx], _state.lines[newIdx]] = [_state.lines[newIdx], _state.lines[idx]];
@@ -240,18 +298,18 @@ export function moveCalibrationLine(idx, direction) {
     _renderCanvas();
 }
 
-export function updateCalibrationLine() {
+export function updateCalibrationLine(): void {
     const idx = _state.selectedLine;
     if (idx < 0 || idx >= _state.lines.length) return;
     const line = _state.lines[idx];
     const hadMonitors = _state.monitors.length;
-    line.picture_source_id = document.getElementById('advcal-line-source').value;
-    line.edge = document.getElementById('advcal-line-edge').value;
-    line.led_count = Math.max(1, parseInt(document.getElementById('advcal-line-leds').value) || 1);
-    line.span_start = parseFloat(document.getElementById('advcal-line-span-start').value) || 0;
-    line.span_end = parseFloat(document.getElementById('advcal-line-span-end').value) || 1;
-    line.border_width = Math.max(1, parseInt(document.getElementById('advcal-line-border-width').value) || 10);
-    line.reverse = document.getElementById('advcal-line-reverse').checked;
+    line.picture_source_id = (document.getElementById('advcal-line-source') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+    line.edge = (document.getElementById('advcal-line-edge') as HTMLSelectElement).value as CalibrationLine['edge'];
+    line.led_count = Math.max(1, parseInt((document.getElementById('advcal-line-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 1);
+    line.span_start = parseFloat((document.getElementById('advcal-line-span-start') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 0;
+    line.span_end = parseFloat((document.getElementById('advcal-line-span-end') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 1;
+    line.border_width = Math.max(1, parseInt((document.getElementById('advcal-line-border-width') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 10);
+    line.reverse = (document.getElementById('advcal-line-reverse') as HTMLInputElement).checked;
     _rebuildUsedMonitors();
     if (_state.monitors.length > hadMonitors) {
         _placeNewMonitor();
@@ -264,10 +322,10 @@ export function updateCalibrationLine() {
 
 /* ── Internals ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
-let _lineSourceEntitySelect = null;
+let _lineSourceEntitySelect: EntitySelect | null = null;
 
-function _populateSourceSelect(psList) {
-    const sel = document.getElementById('advcal-line-source');
+function _populateSourceSelect(psList: any[]) {
+    const sel = document.getElementById('advcal-line-source') as HTMLSelectElement;
     sel.innerHTML = '';
     psList.forEach(ps => {
         const opt = document.createElement('option');
@@ -290,7 +348,7 @@ function _populateSourceSelect(psList) {
     });
 }
 
-function _rebuildUsedMonitors() {
+function _rebuildUsedMonitors(): void {
     const usedIds = new Set(_state.lines.map(l => l.picture_source_id));
     const currentIds = new Set(_state.monitors.map(m => m.id));
     // Only rebuild if the set of used sources changed
@@ -299,13 +357,13 @@ function _rebuildUsedMonitors() {
     _buildMonitorLayout(usedSources, _state.cssId);
 }
 
-function _buildMonitorLayout(psList, cssId) {
+function _buildMonitorLayout(psList: any[], cssId: string | null): void {
     // Load saved positions from localStorage
     const savedKey = `advcal_positions_${cssId}`;
     let saved = {};
     try { saved = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(savedKey)) || {}; } catch { /* ignore */ }
 
-    const canvas = document.getElementById('advcal-canvas');
+    const canvas = document.getElementById('advcal-canvas') as HTMLCanvasElement;
     const canvasW = canvas.width;
     const canvasH = canvas.height;
 
@@ -340,7 +398,7 @@ function _buildMonitorLayout(psList, cssId) {
     _state.monitors = monitors;
 }
 
-function _saveMonitorPositions() {
+function _saveMonitorPositions(): void {
     if (!_state.cssId) return;
     const savedKey = `advcal_positions_${_state.cssId}`;
     const positions = {};
@@ -349,7 +407,7 @@ function _saveMonitorPositions() {
 }
 
 /** Place the last monitor next to the rightmost existing one. */
-function _placeNewMonitor() {
+function _placeNewMonitor(): void {
     if (_state.monitors.length < 2) return;
     const newMon = _state.monitors[_state.monitors.length - 1];
     const others = _state.monitors.slice(0, -1);
@@ -363,21 +421,21 @@ function _placeNewMonitor() {
     _saveMonitorPositions();
 }
 
-function _updateTotalLeds() {
+function _updateTotalLeds(): void {
     const used = _state.lines.reduce((s, l) => s + l.led_count, 0);
     const el = document.getElementById('advcal-total-leds');
     if (_state.totalLedCount > 0) {
         el.textContent = `${used}/${_state.totalLedCount}`;
         el.style.color = used > _state.totalLedCount ? 'var(--danger-color, #ff5555)' : '';
     } else {
-        el.textContent = used;
+        el.textContent = String(used);
         el.style.color = '';
     }
 }
 
 /* ── Line list rendering ────────────────────────────────────── */
 
-function _renderLineList() {
+function _renderLineList(): void {
     const container = document.getElementById('advcal-line-list');
     container.innerHTML = '';
 
@@ -411,7 +469,7 @@ function _renderLineList() {
     container.appendChild(addDiv);
 }
 
-function _showLineProps() {
+function _showLineProps(): void {
     const propsEl = document.getElementById('advcal-line-props');
     const idx = _state.selectedLine;
     if (idx < 0 || idx >= _state.lines.length) {
@@ -420,20 +478,20 @@ function _showLineProps() {
     }
     propsEl.style.display = '';
     const line = _state.lines[idx];
-    document.getElementById('advcal-line-source').value = line.picture_source_id;
+    (document.getElementById('advcal-line-source') as HTMLSelectElement).value = line.picture_source_id;
     if (_lineSourceEntitySelect) _lineSourceEntitySelect.refresh();
-    document.getElementById('advcal-line-edge').value = line.edge;
-    document.getElementById('advcal-line-leds').value = line.led_count;
-    document.getElementById('advcal-line-span-start').value = line.span_start;
-    document.getElementById('advcal-line-span-end').value = line.span_end;
-    document.getElementById('advcal-line-border-width').value = line.border_width;
-    document.getElementById('advcal-line-reverse').checked = line.reverse;
+    (document.getElementById('advcal-line-edge') as HTMLSelectElement).value = line.edge;
+    (document.getElementById('advcal-line-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(line.led_count);
+    (document.getElementById('advcal-line-span-start') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(line.span_start);
+    (document.getElementById('advcal-line-span-end') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(line.span_end);
+    (document.getElementById('advcal-line-border-width') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(line.border_width);
+    (document.getElementById('advcal-line-reverse') as HTMLInputElement).checked = line.reverse;
 }
 
 /* ── Coordinate helpers ─────────────────────────────────────── */
 
 /** Convert a mouse event to world-space (pre-transform) canvas coordinates. */
-function _mouseToWorld(e, canvas) {
+function _mouseToWorld(e: MouseEvent, canvas: HTMLCanvasElement): { x: number; y: number } {
     const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
     const sx = (e.clientX - rect.left) * (canvas.width / rect.width);
     const sy = (e.clientY - rect.top) * (canvas.height / rect.height);
@@ -444,7 +502,7 @@ function _mouseToWorld(e, canvas) {
 }
 
 /** Convert a mouse event to raw screen-space canvas coordinates (for pan). */
-function _mouseToScreen(e, canvas) {
+function _mouseToScreen(e: MouseEvent, canvas: HTMLCanvasElement): { x: number; y: number } {
     const rect = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
     return {
         x: (e.clientX - rect.left) * (canvas.width / rect.width),
@@ -452,13 +510,13 @@ function _mouseToScreen(e, canvas) {
     };
 }
 
-export function resetCalibrationView() {
+export function resetCalibrationView(): void {
     _fitView();
     _renderCanvas();
 }
 
-function _fitView() {
-    const canvas = document.getElementById('advcal-canvas');
+function _fitView(): void {
+    const canvas = document.getElementById('advcal-canvas') as HTMLCanvasElement | null;
     if (!canvas || _state.monitors.length === 0) {
         _view = { panX: 0, panY: 0, zoom: 1.0 };
         return;
@@ -492,8 +550,8 @@ function _fitView() {
 
 /* ── Canvas rendering ───────────────────────────────────────── */
 
-function _renderCanvas() {
-    const canvas = document.getElementById('advcal-canvas');
+function _renderCanvas(): void {
+    const canvas = document.getElementById('advcal-canvas') as HTMLCanvasElement | null;
     if (!canvas) return;
     const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
     const W = canvas.width;
@@ -557,7 +615,7 @@ function _renderCanvas() {
     ctx.restore();
 }
 
-function _getLineCoords(mon, line) {
+function _getLineCoords(mon: MonitorRect, line: CalibrationLine): LineCoords {
     const s = line.span_start;
     const e = line.span_end;
     let x1, y1, x2, y2;
@@ -587,7 +645,7 @@ function _getLineCoords(mon, line) {
     return { x1, y1, x2, y2 };
 }
 
-function _drawLineTicks(ctx, line, x1, y1, x2, y2, ledStart, mon, isSelected) {
+function _drawLineTicks(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, line: CalibrationLine, x1: number, y1: number, x2: number, y2: number, ledStart: number, mon: MonitorRect, isSelected: boolean): void {
     const count = line.led_count;
     if (count <= 0) return;
 
@@ -696,7 +754,7 @@ function _drawLineTicks(ctx, line, x1, y1, x2, y2, ledStart, mon, isSelected) {
     ctx.restore();
 }
 
-function _drawArrow(ctx, x1, y1, x2, y2, reverse, color) {
+function _drawArrow(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, x1: number, y1: number, x2: number, y2: number, reverse: boolean, color: string): void {
     if (reverse) { [x1, y1, x2, y2] = [x2, y2, x1, y1]; }
     const angle = Math.atan2(y2 - y1, x2 - x1);
     const headLen = 8;
@@ -714,8 +772,8 @@ function _drawArrow(ctx, x1, y1, x2, y2, reverse, color) {
 
 /* ── Canvas interaction (drag monitors) ─────────────────────── */
 
-function _initCanvasHandlers() {
-    const canvas = document.getElementById('advcal-canvas');
+function _initCanvasHandlers(): void {
+    const canvas = document.getElementById('advcal-canvas') as HTMLCanvasElement | null;
     if (!canvas) return;
 
     canvas.oncontextmenu = (e) => e.preventDefault();
@@ -846,7 +904,7 @@ function _initCanvasHandlers() {
     };
 }
 
-function _pointNearLine(px, py, x1, y1, x2, y2, threshold) {
+function _pointNearLine(px: number, py: number, x1: number, y1: number, x2: number, y2: number, threshold: number): boolean {
     const dx = x2 - x1;
     const dy = y2 - y1;
     const lenSq = dx * dx + dy * dy;

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/features/audio-sources.ts

@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@
  * This module manages the editor modal and API operations.
  */
 
-import { _cachedAudioSources, _cachedAudioTemplates, apiKey } from '../core/state.js';
-import { API_BASE, fetchWithAuth, escapeHtml } from '../core/api.js';
-import { t } from '../core/i18n.js';
-import { showToast, showConfirm, lockBody, unlockBody } from '../core/ui.js';
-import { Modal } from '../core/modal.js';
-import { ICON_MUSIC, getAudioSourceIcon, ICON_AUDIO_TEMPLATE, ICON_AUDIO_INPUT, ICON_AUDIO_LOOPBACK } from '../core/icons.js';
-import { EntitySelect } from '../core/entity-palette.js';
-import { TagInput } from '../core/tag-input.js';
-import { loadPictureSources } from './streams.js';
+import { _cachedAudioSources, _cachedAudioTemplates, apiKey, audioSourcesCache } from '../core/state.ts';
+import { API_BASE, fetchWithAuth, escapeHtml } from '../core/api.ts';
+import { t } from '../core/i18n.ts';
+import { showToast, showConfirm, lockBody, unlockBody } from '../core/ui.ts';
+import { Modal } from '../core/modal.ts';
+import { ICON_MUSIC, getAudioSourceIcon, ICON_AUDIO_TEMPLATE, ICON_AUDIO_INPUT, ICON_AUDIO_LOOPBACK } from '../core/icons.ts';
+import { EntitySelect } from '../core/entity-palette.ts';
+import { TagInput } from '../core/tag-input.ts';
+import { loadPictureSources } from './streams.ts';
 
-let _audioSourceTagsInput = null;
+let _audioSourceTagsInput: TagInput | null = null;
 
 class AudioSourceModal extends Modal {
     constructor() { super('audio-source-modal'); }
@@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ class AudioSourceModal extends Modal {
 
     snapshotValues() {
         return {
-            name: document.getElementById('audio-source-name').value,
-            description: document.getElementById('audio-source-description').value,
-            type: document.getElementById('audio-source-type').value,
-            device: document.getElementById('audio-source-device').value,
-            audioTemplate: document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template').value,
-            parent: document.getElementById('audio-source-parent').value,
-            channel: document.getElementById('audio-source-channel').value,
+            name: (document.getElementById('audio-source-name') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            description: (document.getElementById('audio-source-description') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            type: (document.getElementById('audio-source-type') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+            device: (document.getElementById('audio-source-device') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+            audioTemplate: (document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+            parent: (document.getElementById('audio-source-parent') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+            channel: (document.getElementById('audio-source-channel') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
             tags: JSON.stringify(_audioSourceTagsInput ? _audioSourceTagsInput.getValue() : []),
         };
     }
@@ -46,48 +46,48 @@ class AudioSourceModal extends Modal {
 const audioSourceModal = new AudioSourceModal();
 
 // ── EntitySelect instances for audio source editor ──
-let _asTemplateEntitySelect = null;
-let _asDeviceEntitySelect = null;
-let _asParentEntitySelect = null;
+let _asTemplateEntitySelect: EntitySelect | null = null;
+let _asDeviceEntitySelect: EntitySelect | null = null;
+let _asParentEntitySelect: EntitySelect | null = null;
 
 // ── Modal ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-export async function showAudioSourceModal(sourceType, editData) {
+export async function showAudioSourceModal(sourceType: any, editData?: any) {
     const isEdit = !!editData;
     const titleKey = isEdit
         ? (editData.source_type === 'mono' ? 'audio_source.edit.mono' : 'audio_source.edit.multichannel')
         : (sourceType === 'mono' ? 'audio_source.add.mono' : 'audio_source.add.multichannel');
 
     document.getElementById('audio-source-modal-title').innerHTML = `${ICON_MUSIC} ${t(titleKey)}`;
-    document.getElementById('audio-source-id').value = isEdit ? editData.id : '';
-    document.getElementById('audio-source-error').style.display = 'none';
+    (document.getElementById('audio-source-id') as HTMLInputElement).value = isEdit ? editData.id : '';
+    (document.getElementById('audio-source-error') as HTMLElement).style.display = 'none';
 
-    const typeSelect = document.getElementById('audio-source-type');
+    const typeSelect = document.getElementById('audio-source-type') as HTMLSelectElement;
     typeSelect.value = isEdit ? editData.source_type : sourceType;
     typeSelect.disabled = isEdit; // can't change type after creation
 
     onAudioSourceTypeChange();
 
     if (isEdit) {
-        document.getElementById('audio-source-name').value = editData.name || '';
-        document.getElementById('audio-source-description').value = editData.description || '';
+        (document.getElementById('audio-source-name') as HTMLInputElement).value = editData.name || '';
+        (document.getElementById('audio-source-description') as HTMLInputElement).value = editData.description || '';
 
         if (editData.source_type === 'multichannel') {
             _loadAudioTemplates(editData.audio_template_id);
-            document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template').onchange = _filterDevicesBySelectedTemplate;
+            (document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template') as HTMLSelectElement).onchange = _filterDevicesBySelectedTemplate;
             await _loadAudioDevices();
             _selectAudioDevice(editData.device_index, editData.is_loopback);
         } else {
             _loadMultichannelSources(editData.audio_source_id);
-            document.getElementById('audio-source-channel').value = editData.channel || 'mono';
+            (document.getElementById('audio-source-channel') as HTMLSelectElement).value = editData.channel || 'mono';
         }
     } else {
-        document.getElementById('audio-source-name').value = '';
-        document.getElementById('audio-source-description').value = '';
+        (document.getElementById('audio-source-name') as HTMLInputElement).value = '';
+        (document.getElementById('audio-source-description') as HTMLInputElement).value = '';
 
         if (sourceType === 'multichannel') {
             _loadAudioTemplates();
-            document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template').onchange = _filterDevicesBySelectedTemplate;
+            (document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template') as HTMLSelectElement).onchange = _filterDevicesBySelectedTemplate;
             await _loadAudioDevices();
         } else {
             _loadMultichannelSources();
@@ -108,19 +108,19 @@ export async function closeAudioSourceModal() {
 }
 
 export function onAudioSourceTypeChange() {
-    const type = document.getElementById('audio-source-type').value;
-    document.getElementById('audio-source-multichannel-section').style.display = type === 'multichannel' ? '' : 'none';
-    document.getElementById('audio-source-mono-section').style.display = type === 'mono' ? '' : 'none';
+    const type = (document.getElementById('audio-source-type') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+    (document.getElementById('audio-source-multichannel-section') as HTMLElement).style.display = type === 'multichannel' ? '' : 'none';
+    (document.getElementById('audio-source-mono-section') as HTMLElement).style.display = type === 'mono' ? '' : 'none';
 }
 
 // ── Save ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 export async function saveAudioSource() {
-    const id = document.getElementById('audio-source-id').value;
-    const name = document.getElementById('audio-source-name').value.trim();
-    const sourceType = document.getElementById('audio-source-type').value;
-    const description = document.getElementById('audio-source-description').value.trim() || null;
-    const errorEl = document.getElementById('audio-source-error');
+    const id = (document.getElementById('audio-source-id') as HTMLInputElement).value;
+    const name = (document.getElementById('audio-source-name') as HTMLInputElement).value.trim();
+    const sourceType = (document.getElementById('audio-source-type') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+    const description = (document.getElementById('audio-source-description') as HTMLInputElement).value.trim() || null;
+    const errorEl = document.getElementById('audio-source-error') as HTMLElement;
 
     if (!name) {
         errorEl.textContent = t('audio_source.error.name_required');
@@ -128,17 +128,17 @@ export async function saveAudioSource() {
         return;
     }
 
-    const payload = { name, source_type: sourceType, description, tags: _audioSourceTagsInput ? _audioSourceTagsInput.getValue() : [] };
+    const payload: any = { name, source_type: sourceType, description, tags: _audioSourceTagsInput ? _audioSourceTagsInput.getValue() : [] };
 
     if (sourceType === 'multichannel') {
-        const deviceVal = document.getElementById('audio-source-device').value || '-1:1';
+        const deviceVal = (document.getElementById('audio-source-device') as HTMLSelectElement).value || '-1:1';
         const [devIdx, devLoop] = deviceVal.split(':');
         payload.device_index = parseInt(devIdx) || -1;
         payload.is_loopback = devLoop !== '0';
-        payload.audio_template_id = document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template').value || null;
+        payload.audio_template_id = (document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template') as HTMLSelectElement).value || null;
     } else {
-        payload.audio_source_id = document.getElementById('audio-source-parent').value;
-        payload.channel = document.getElementById('audio-source-channel').value;
+        payload.audio_source_id = (document.getElementById('audio-source-parent') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+        payload.channel = (document.getElementById('audio-source-channel') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
     }
 
     try {
@@ -155,8 +155,9 @@ export async function saveAudioSource() {
         }
         showToast(t(id ? 'audio_source.updated' : 'audio_source.created'), 'success');
         audioSourceModal.forceClose();
+        audioSourcesCache.invalidate();
         await loadPictureSources();
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (e: any) {
         errorEl.textContent = e.message;
         errorEl.style.display = '';
     }
@@ -164,13 +165,13 @@ export async function saveAudioSource() {
 
 // ── Edit ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-export async function editAudioSource(sourceId) {
+export async function editAudioSource(sourceId: any) {
     try {
         const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/audio-sources/${sourceId}`);
         if (!resp.ok) throw new Error(t('audio_source.error.load'));
         const data = await resp.json();
         await showAudioSourceModal(data.source_type, data);
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (e: any) {
         if (e.isAuth) return;
         showToast(e.message, 'error');
     }
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ export async function editAudioSource(sourceId) {
 
 // ── Clone ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-export async function cloneAudioSource(sourceId) {
+export async function cloneAudioSource(sourceId: any) {
     try {
         const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/audio-sources/${sourceId}`);
         if (!resp.ok) throw new Error(t('audio_source.error.load'));
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ export async function cloneAudioSource(sourceId) {
         delete data.id;
         data.name = data.name + ' (copy)';
         await showAudioSourceModal(data.source_type, data);
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (e: any) {
         if (e.isAuth) return;
         showToast(e.message, 'error');
     }
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ export async function cloneAudioSource(sourceId) {
 
 // ── Delete ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-export async function deleteAudioSource(sourceId) {
+export async function deleteAudioSource(sourceId: any) {
     const confirmed = await showConfirm(t('audio_source.delete.confirm'));
     if (!confirmed) return;
 
@@ -205,8 +206,9 @@ export async function deleteAudioSource(sourceId) {
             throw new Error(err.detail || `HTTP ${resp.status}`);
         }
         showToast(t('audio_source.deleted'), 'success');
+        audioSourcesCache.invalidate();
         await loadPictureSources();
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (e: any) {
         showToast(e.message, 'error');
     }
 }
@@ -214,7 +216,7 @@ export async function deleteAudioSource(sourceId) {
 // ── Refresh devices ───────────────────────────────────────────
 
 export async function refreshAudioDevices() {
-    const btn = document.getElementById('audio-source-refresh-devices');
+    const btn = document.getElementById('audio-source-refresh-devices') as HTMLButtonElement | null;
     if (btn) btn.disabled = true;
     try {
         await _loadAudioDevices();
@@ -240,13 +242,13 @@ async function _loadAudioDevices() {
 }
 
 function _filterDevicesBySelectedTemplate() {
-    const select = document.getElementById('audio-source-device');
+    const select = document.getElementById('audio-source-device') as HTMLSelectElement | null;
     if (!select) return;
 
     const prevOption = select.options[select.selectedIndex];
     const prevName = prevOption ? prevOption.textContent : '';
 
-    const templateId = (document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template') || {}).value;
+    const templateId = ((document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template') as HTMLSelectElement | null) || { value: '' } as any).value;
     const templates = _cachedAudioTemplates || [];
     const template = templates.find(t => t.id === templateId);
     const engineType = template ? template.engine_type : null;
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@ function _filterDevicesBySelectedTemplate() {
         }
     }
 
-    select.innerHTML = devices.map(d => {
+    select.innerHTML = devices.map((d: any) => {
         const val = `${d.index}:${d.is_loopback ? '1' : '0'}`;
         return `<option value="${val}">${escapeHtml(d.name)}</option>`;
     }).join('');
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ function _filterDevicesBySelectedTemplate() {
     }
 
     if (prevName) {
-        const match = Array.from(select.options).find(o => o.textContent === prevName);
+        const match = Array.from(select.options).find((o: HTMLOptionElement) => o.textContent === prevName);
         if (match) select.value = match.value;
     }
 
@@ -278,27 +280,27 @@ function _filterDevicesBySelectedTemplate() {
     if (devices.length > 0) {
         _asDeviceEntitySelect = new EntitySelect({
             target: select,
-            getItems: () => devices.map(d => ({
+            getItems: () => devices.map((d: any) => ({
                 value: `${d.index}:${d.is_loopback ? '1' : '0'}`,
                 label: d.name,
                 icon: d.is_loopback ? ICON_AUDIO_LOOPBACK : ICON_AUDIO_INPUT,
                 desc: d.is_loopback ? 'Loopback' : 'Input',
             })),
             placeholder: t('palette.search'),
-        });
+        } as any);
     }
 }
 
-function _selectAudioDevice(deviceIndex, isLoopback) {
-    const select = document.getElementById('audio-source-device');
+function _selectAudioDevice(deviceIndex: any, isLoopback: any) {
+    const select = document.getElementById('audio-source-device') as HTMLSelectElement | null;
     if (!select) return;
     const val = `${deviceIndex ?? -1}:${isLoopback !== false ? '1' : '0'}`;
-    const opt = Array.from(select.options).find(o => o.value === val);
+    const opt = Array.from(select.options).find((o: HTMLOptionElement) => o.value === val);
     if (opt) select.value = val;
 }
 
-function _loadMultichannelSources(selectedId) {
-    const select = document.getElementById('audio-source-parent');
+function _loadMultichannelSources(selectedId?: any) {
+    const select = document.getElementById('audio-source-parent') as HTMLSelectElement | null;
     if (!select) return;
     const multichannel = _cachedAudioSources.filter(s => s.source_type === 'multichannel');
     select.innerHTML = multichannel.map(s =>
@@ -309,18 +311,18 @@ function _loadMultichannelSources(selectedId) {
     if (multichannel.length > 0) {
         _asParentEntitySelect = new EntitySelect({
             target: select,
-            getItems: () => multichannel.map(s => ({
+            getItems: () => multichannel.map((s: any) => ({
                 value: s.id,
                 label: s.name,
                 icon: getAudioSourceIcon('multichannel'),
             })),
             placeholder: t('palette.search'),
-        });
+        } as any);
     }
 }
 
-function _loadAudioTemplates(selectedId) {
-    const select = document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template');
+function _loadAudioTemplates(selectedId?: any) {
+    const select = document.getElementById('audio-source-audio-template') as HTMLSelectElement | null;
     if (!select) return;
     const templates = _cachedAudioTemplates || [];
     select.innerHTML = templates.map(t =>
@@ -331,14 +333,14 @@ function _loadAudioTemplates(selectedId) {
     if (templates.length > 0) {
         _asTemplateEntitySelect = new EntitySelect({
             target: select,
-            getItems: () => templates.map(tmpl => ({
+            getItems: () => templates.map((tmpl: any) => ({
                 value: tmpl.id,
                 label: tmpl.name,
                 icon: ICON_AUDIO_TEMPLATE,
                 desc: tmpl.engine_type.toUpperCase(),
             })),
             placeholder: t('palette.search'),
-        });
+        } as any);
     }
 }
 
@@ -348,15 +350,15 @@ const NUM_BANDS = 64;
 const PEAK_DECAY = 0.02;      // peak drop per frame
 const BEAT_FLASH_DECAY = 0.06; // beat flash fade per frame
 
-let _testAudioWs = null;
-let _testAudioAnimFrame = null;
-let _testAudioLatest = null;
+let _testAudioWs: WebSocket | null = null;
+let _testAudioAnimFrame: number | null = null;
+let _testAudioLatest: any = null;
 let _testAudioPeaks = new Float32Array(NUM_BANDS);
 let _testBeatFlash = 0;
 
 const testAudioModal = new Modal('test-audio-source-modal', { backdrop: true, lock: true });
 
-export function testAudioSource(sourceId) {
+export function testAudioSource(sourceId: any) {
     const statusEl = document.getElementById('audio-test-status');
     if (statusEl) {
         statusEl.textContent = t('audio_source.test.connecting');
@@ -375,7 +377,7 @@ export function testAudioSource(sourceId) {
     testAudioModal.open();
 
     // Size canvas to container
-    const canvas = document.getElementById('audio-test-canvas');
+    const canvas = document.getElementById('audio-test-canvas') as HTMLCanvasElement;
     _sizeCanvas(canvas);
 
     // Connect WebSocket
@@ -431,7 +433,7 @@ function _cleanupTest() {
     _testAudioLatest = null;
 }
 
-function _sizeCanvas(canvas) {
+function _sizeCanvas(canvas: HTMLCanvasElement) {
     const rect = canvas.parentElement.getBoundingClientRect();
     const dpr = window.devicePixelRatio || 1;
     canvas.width = rect.width * dpr;
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@ function _renderLoop() {
 }
 
 function _renderAudioSpectrum() {
-    const canvas = document.getElementById('audio-test-canvas');
+    const canvas = document.getElementById('audio-test-canvas') as HTMLCanvasElement | null;
     if (!canvas) return;
 
     const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/features/automations.ts

@@ -2,23 +2,25 @@
  * Automations — automation cards, editor, condition builder, process picker, scene selector.
  */
 
-import { apiKey, _automationsLoading, set_automationsLoading, automationsCacheObj, scenePresetsCache } from '../core/state.js';
-import { fetchWithAuth, escapeHtml } from '../core/api.js';
-import { t } from '../core/i18n.js';
-import { showToast, showConfirm, setTabRefreshing } from '../core/ui.js';
-import { Modal } from '../core/modal.js';
-import { CardSection } from '../core/card-sections.js';
-import { updateTabBadge } from './tabs.js';
-import { ICON_SETTINGS, ICON_START, ICON_PAUSE, ICON_CLOCK, ICON_AUTOMATION, ICON_HELP, ICON_OK, ICON_TIMER, ICON_MONITOR, ICON_RADIO, ICON_SCENE, ICON_CLONE } from '../core/icons.js';
-import * as P from '../core/icon-paths.js';
-import { wrapCard } from '../core/card-colors.js';
-import { TagInput, renderTagChips } from '../core/tag-input.js';
-import { IconSelect } from '../core/icon-select.js';
-import { EntitySelect } from '../core/entity-palette.js';
-import { attachProcessPicker } from '../core/process-picker.js';
-import { csScenes, createSceneCard } from './scene-presets.js';
+import { apiKey, _automationsLoading, set_automationsLoading, automationsCacheObj, scenePresetsCache } from '../core/state.ts';
+import { fetchWithAuth, escapeHtml } from '../core/api.ts';
+import { t } from '../core/i18n.ts';
+import { showToast, showConfirm, setTabRefreshing } from '../core/ui.ts';
+import { Modal } from '../core/modal.ts';
+import { CardSection } from '../core/card-sections.ts';
+import { updateTabBadge } from './tabs.ts';
+import { ICON_SETTINGS, ICON_START, ICON_PAUSE, ICON_CLOCK, ICON_AUTOMATION, ICON_HELP, ICON_OK, ICON_TIMER, ICON_MONITOR, ICON_RADIO, ICON_SCENE, ICON_CLONE, ICON_TRASH, ICON_CIRCLE_OFF } from '../core/icons.ts';
+import * as P from '../core/icon-paths.ts';
+import { wrapCard } from '../core/card-colors.ts';
+import { TagInput, renderTagChips } from '../core/tag-input.ts';
+import { getBaseOrigin } from './settings.ts';
+import { IconSelect } from '../core/icon-select.ts';
+import { EntitySelect } from '../core/entity-palette.ts';
+import { attachProcessPicker } from '../core/process-picker.ts';
+import { csScenes, createSceneCard } from './scene-presets.ts';
+import type { Automation } from '../types.ts';
 
-let _automationTagsInput = null;
+let _automationTagsInput: any = null;
 
 class AutomationEditorModal extends Modal {
     constructor() { super('automation-editor-modal'); }
@@ -29,26 +31,65 @@ class AutomationEditorModal extends Modal {
 
     snapshotValues() {
         return {
-            name: document.getElementById('automation-editor-name').value,
-            enabled: document.getElementById('automation-editor-enabled').checked.toString(),
-            logic: document.getElementById('automation-editor-logic').value,
+            name: (document.getElementById('automation-editor-name') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            enabled: (document.getElementById('automation-editor-enabled') as HTMLInputElement).checked.toString(),
+            logic: (document.getElementById('automation-editor-logic') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
             conditions: JSON.stringify(getAutomationEditorConditions()),
-            scenePresetId: document.getElementById('automation-scene-id').value,
-            deactivationMode: document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode').value,
-            deactivationScenePresetId: document.getElementById('automation-fallback-scene-id').value,
+            scenePresetId: (document.getElementById('automation-scene-id') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+            deactivationMode: (document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+            deactivationScenePresetId: (document.getElementById('automation-fallback-scene-id') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
             tags: JSON.stringify(_automationTagsInput ? _automationTagsInput.getValue() : []),
         };
     }
 }
 
 const automationModal = new AutomationEditorModal();
-const csAutomations = new CardSection('automations', { titleKey: 'automations.title', gridClass: 'devices-grid', addCardOnclick: "openAutomationEditor()", keyAttr: 'data-automation-id', emptyKey: 'section.empty.automations' });
+
+// ── Bulk action handlers ──
+async function _bulkEnableAutomations(ids: any) {
+    const results = await Promise.allSettled(ids.map(id =>
+        fetchWithAuth(`/automations/${id}/enable`, { method: 'POST' })
+    ));
+    const failed = results.filter(r => r.status === 'rejected' || ((r as any).value && !(r as any).value.ok)).length;
+    if (failed) showToast(`${ids.length - failed}/${ids.length} enabled`, 'warning');
+    else showToast(t('automations.updated'), 'success');
+    automationsCacheObj.invalidate();
+    loadAutomations();
+}
+
+async function _bulkDisableAutomations(ids: any) {
+    const results = await Promise.allSettled(ids.map(id =>
+        fetchWithAuth(`/automations/${id}/disable`, { method: 'POST' })
+    ));
+    const failed = results.filter(r => r.status === 'rejected' || ((r as any).value && !(r as any).value.ok)).length;
+    if (failed) showToast(`${ids.length - failed}/${ids.length} disabled`, 'warning');
+    else showToast(t('automations.updated'), 'success');
+    automationsCacheObj.invalidate();
+    loadAutomations();
+}
+
+async function _bulkDeleteAutomations(ids: any) {
+    const results = await Promise.allSettled(ids.map(id =>
+        fetchWithAuth(`/automations/${id}`, { method: 'DELETE' })
+    ));
+    const failed = results.filter(r => r.status === 'rejected' || ((r as any).value && !(r as any).value.ok)).length;
+    if (failed) showToast(`${ids.length - failed}/${ids.length} deleted`, 'warning');
+    else showToast(t('automations.deleted'), 'success');
+    automationsCacheObj.invalidate();
+    loadAutomations();
+}
+
+const csAutomations = new CardSection('automations', { titleKey: 'automations.title', gridClass: 'devices-grid', addCardOnclick: "openAutomationEditor()", keyAttr: 'data-automation-id', emptyKey: 'section.empty.automations', bulkActions: [
+    { key: 'enable', labelKey: 'bulk.enable', icon: ICON_OK, handler: _bulkEnableAutomations },
+    { key: 'disable', labelKey: 'bulk.disable', icon: ICON_CIRCLE_OFF, handler: _bulkDisableAutomations },
+    { key: 'delete', labelKey: 'bulk.delete', icon: ICON_TRASH, style: 'danger', confirm: 'bulk.confirm_delete', handler: _bulkDeleteAutomations },
+] } as any);
 
 /* ── Condition logic IconSelect ───────────────────────────────── */
 
-const _icon = (d) => `<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24">${d}</svg>`;
+const _icon = (d: any) => `<svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 24 24">${d}</svg>`;
 
-let _conditionLogicIconSelect = null;
+let _conditionLogicIconSelect: any = null;
 
 function _ensureConditionLogicIconSelect() {
     const sel = document.getElementById('automation-editor-logic');
@@ -58,7 +99,7 @@ function _ensureConditionLogicIconSelect() {
         { value: 'and', icon: _icon(P.link),       label: t('automations.condition_logic.and'), desc: t('automations.condition_logic.and.desc') },
     ];
     if (_conditionLogicIconSelect) { _conditionLogicIconSelect.updateItems(items); return; }
-    _conditionLogicIconSelect = new IconSelect({ target: sel, items, columns: 2 });
+    _conditionLogicIconSelect = new IconSelect({ target: sel, items, columns: 2 } as any);
 }
 
 // Re-render automations when language changes (only if tab is active)
@@ -90,7 +131,7 @@ export async function loadAutomations() {
         const activeCount = automations.filter(a => a.is_active).length;
         updateTabBadge('automations', activeCount);
         renderAutomations(automations, sceneMap);
-    } catch (error) {
+    } catch (error: any) {
         if (error.isAuth) return;
         console.error('Failed to load automations:', error);
         container.innerHTML = `<p class="error-message">${error.message}</p>`;
@@ -100,15 +141,7 @@ export async function loadAutomations() {
     }
 }
 
-export function expandAllAutomationSections() {
-    CardSection.expandAll([csAutomations, csScenes]);
-}
-
-export function collapseAllAutomationSections() {
-    CardSection.collapseAll([csAutomations, csScenes]);
-}
-
-function renderAutomations(automations, sceneMap) {
+function renderAutomations(automations: any, sceneMap: any) {
     const container = document.getElementById('automations-content');
 
     const autoItems = csAutomations.applySortOrder(automations.map(a => ({ key: a.id, html: createAutomationCard(a, sceneMap) })));
@@ -118,7 +151,7 @@ function renderAutomations(automations, sceneMap) {
         csAutomations.reconcile(autoItems);
         csScenes.reconcile(sceneItems);
     } else {
-        const toolbar = `<div class="stream-tab-bar"><span class="cs-expand-collapse-group"><button class="btn-expand-collapse" onclick="expandAllAutomationSections()" title="${t('section.expand_all')}">⊞</button><button class="btn-expand-collapse" onclick="collapseAllAutomationSections()" title="${t('section.collapse_all')}">⊟</button><button class="tutorial-trigger-btn" onclick="startAutomationsTutorial()" title="${t('tour.restart')}">${ICON_HELP}</button></span></div>`;
+        const toolbar = `<div class="stream-tab-bar"><span class="cs-expand-collapse-group"><button class="tutorial-trigger-btn" onclick="startAutomationsTutorial()" title="${t('tour.restart')}">${ICON_HELP}</button></span></div>`;
         container.innerHTML = toolbar + csAutomations.render(autoItems) + csScenes.render(sceneItems);
         csAutomations.bind();
         csScenes.bind();
@@ -130,7 +163,7 @@ function renderAutomations(automations, sceneMap) {
     }
 }
 
-function createAutomationCard(automation, sceneMap = new Map()) {
+function createAutomationCard(automation: Automation, sceneMap = new Map()) {
     const statusClass = !automation.enabled ? 'disabled' : automation.is_active ? 'active' : 'inactive';
     const statusText = !automation.enabled ? t('automations.status.disabled') : automation.is_active ? t('automations.status.active') : t('automations.status.inactive');
 
@@ -220,15 +253,15 @@ function createAutomationCard(automation, sceneMap = new Map()) {
     });
 }
 
-export async function openAutomationEditor(automationId, cloneData) {
+export async function openAutomationEditor(automationId?: any, cloneData?: any) {
     const modal = document.getElementById('automation-editor-modal');
     const titleEl = document.getElementById('automation-editor-title');
-    const idInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-id');
-    const nameInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-name');
-    const enabledInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-enabled');
-    const logicSelect = document.getElementById('automation-editor-logic');
+    const idInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-id') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const nameInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-name') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const enabledInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-enabled') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const logicSelect = document.getElementById('automation-editor-logic') as HTMLSelectElement;
     const condList = document.getElementById('automation-conditions-list');
-    const errorEl = document.getElementById('automation-editor-error');
+    const errorEl = document.getElementById('automation-editor-error') as HTMLElement;
 
     errorEl.style.display = 'none';
     condList.innerHTML = '';
@@ -242,11 +275,11 @@ export async function openAutomationEditor(automationId, cloneData) {
     } catch { /* use cached */ }
 
     // Reset deactivation mode
-    document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode').value = 'none';
+    (document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode') as HTMLSelectElement).value = 'none';
     if (_deactivationModeIconSelect) _deactivationModeIconSelect.setValue('none');
-    document.getElementById('automation-fallback-scene-group').style.display = 'none';
+    (document.getElementById('automation-fallback-scene-group') as HTMLElement).style.display = 'none';
 
-    let _editorTags = [];
+    let _editorTags: any[] = [];
 
     if (automationId) {
         titleEl.innerHTML = `${ICON_AUTOMATION} ${t('automations.edit')}`;
@@ -270,12 +303,12 @@ export async function openAutomationEditor(automationId, cloneData) {
 
             // Deactivation mode
             const deactMode = automation.deactivation_mode || 'none';
-            document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode').value = deactMode;
+            (document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode') as HTMLSelectElement).value = deactMode;
             if (_deactivationModeIconSelect) _deactivationModeIconSelect.setValue(deactMode);
             _onDeactivationModeChange();
             _initSceneSelector('automation-fallback-scene-id', automation.deactivation_scene_preset_id);
             _editorTags = automation.tags || [];
-        } catch (e) {
+        } catch (e: any) {
             showToast(e.message, 'error');
             return;
         }
@@ -298,7 +331,7 @@ export async function openAutomationEditor(automationId, cloneData) {
         _initSceneSelector('automation-scene-id', cloneData.scene_preset_id);
 
         const cloneDeactMode = cloneData.deactivation_mode || 'none';
-        document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode').value = cloneDeactMode;
+        (document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode') as HTMLSelectElement).value = cloneDeactMode;
         if (_deactivationModeIconSelect) _deactivationModeIconSelect.setValue(cloneDeactMode);
         _onDeactivationModeChange();
         _initSceneSelector('automation-fallback-scene-id', cloneData.deactivation_scene_preset_id);
@@ -315,14 +348,14 @@ export async function openAutomationEditor(automationId, cloneData) {
     }
 
     // Wire up deactivation mode change
-    document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode').onchange = _onDeactivationModeChange;
+    (document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode') as HTMLSelectElement).onchange = _onDeactivationModeChange;
 
     automationModal.open();
     modal.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n]').forEach(el => {
         el.textContent = t(el.getAttribute('data-i18n'));
     });
     modal.querySelectorAll('[data-i18n-placeholder]').forEach(el => {
-        el.placeholder = t(el.getAttribute('data-i18n-placeholder'));
+        (el as HTMLInputElement).placeholder = t(el.getAttribute('data-i18n-placeholder'));
     });
 
     // Tags
@@ -334,8 +367,8 @@ export async function openAutomationEditor(automationId, cloneData) {
 }
 
 function _onDeactivationModeChange() {
-    const mode = document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode').value;
-    document.getElementById('automation-fallback-scene-group').style.display = mode === 'fallback_scene' ? '' : 'none';
+    const mode = (document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+    (document.getElementById('automation-fallback-scene-group') as HTMLElement).style.display = mode === 'fallback_scene' ? '' : 'none';
 }
 
 export async function closeAutomationEditorModal() {
@@ -344,8 +377,8 @@ export async function closeAutomationEditorModal() {
 
 // ===== Scene selector (EntitySelect) =====
 
-let _sceneEntitySelect = null;
-let _fallbackSceneEntitySelect = null;
+let _sceneEntitySelect: any = null;
+let _fallbackSceneEntitySelect: any = null;
 
 function _getSceneItems() {
     return (scenePresetsCache.data || []).map(s => ({
@@ -355,8 +388,8 @@ function _getSceneItems() {
     }));
 }
 
-function _initSceneSelector(selectId, selectedId) {
-    const sel = document.getElementById(selectId);
+function _initSceneSelector(selectId: any, selectedId: any) {
+    const sel = document.getElementById(selectId) as HTMLSelectElement;
     // Populate <select> with scene options
     sel.innerHTML = (scenePresetsCache.data || []).map(s =>
         `<option value="${s.id}">${escapeHtml(s.name)}</option>`
@@ -374,7 +407,7 @@ function _initSceneSelector(selectId, selectedId) {
         placeholder: t('automations.scene.search_placeholder'),
         allowNone: true,
         noneLabel: t('automations.scene.none_selected'),
-    });
+    } as any);
     if (isMain) _sceneEntitySelect = es; else _fallbackSceneEntitySelect = es;
 }
 
@@ -384,7 +417,7 @@ const DEACT_MODE_KEYS = ['none', 'revert', 'fallback_scene'];
 const DEACT_MODE_ICONS = {
     none: P.pause, revert: P.undo2, fallback_scene: P.sparkles,
 };
-let _deactivationModeIconSelect = null;
+let _deactivationModeIconSelect: any = null;
 
 function _ensureDeactivationModeIconSelect() {
     const sel = document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode');
@@ -395,7 +428,7 @@ function _ensureDeactivationModeIconSelect() {
         label: t(`automations.deactivation_mode.${k}`),
         desc: t(`automations.deactivation_mode.${k}.desc`),
     }));
-    _deactivationModeIconSelect = new IconSelect({ target: sel, items, columns: 3 });
+    _deactivationModeIconSelect = new IconSelect({ target: sel, items, columns: 3 } as any);
 }
 
 // ===== Condition editor =====
@@ -434,7 +467,7 @@ function _buildConditionTypeItems() {
     }));
 }
 
-function addAutomationConditionRow(condition) {
+function addAutomationConditionRow(condition: any) {
     const list = document.getElementById('automation-conditions-list');
     const row = document.createElement('div');
     row.className = 'automation-condition-row';
@@ -450,17 +483,17 @@ function addAutomationConditionRow(condition) {
         <div class="condition-fields-container"></div>
     `;
 
-    const typeSelect = row.querySelector('.condition-type-select');
-    const container = row.querySelector('.condition-fields-container');
+    const typeSelect = row.querySelector('.condition-type-select') as HTMLSelectElement;
+    const container = row.querySelector('.condition-fields-container') as HTMLElement;
 
     // Attach IconSelect to the condition type dropdown
     const condIconSelect = new IconSelect({
         target: typeSelect,
         items: _buildConditionTypeItems(),
         columns: 4,
-    });
+    } as any);
 
-    function renderFields(type, data) {
+    function renderFields(type: any, data: any) {
         if (type === 'always') {
             container.innerHTML = `<small class="condition-always-desc">${t('automations.condition.always.hint')}</small>`;
             return;
@@ -546,7 +579,7 @@ function addAutomationConditionRow(condition) {
         }
         if (type === 'webhook') {
             if (data.token) {
-                const webhookUrl = window.location.origin + '/api/v1/webhooks/' + data.token;
+                const webhookUrl = getBaseOrigin() + '/api/v1/webhooks/' + data.token;
                 container.innerHTML = `
                     <div class="condition-fields">
                         <small class="condition-always-desc">${t('automations.condition.webhook.hint')}</small>
@@ -594,7 +627,7 @@ function addAutomationConditionRow(condition) {
                 </div>
             </div>
         `;
-        const textarea = container.querySelector('.condition-apps');
+        const textarea = container.querySelector('.condition-apps') as HTMLTextAreaElement;
         attachProcessPicker(container, textarea);
 
         // Attach IconSelect to match type
@@ -604,7 +637,7 @@ function addAutomationConditionRow(condition) {
                 target: matchSel,
                 items: _buildMatchTypeItems(),
                 columns: 2,
-            });
+            } as any);
         }
     }
 
@@ -620,9 +653,9 @@ function addAutomationConditionRow(condition) {
 
 function getAutomationEditorConditions() {
     const rows = document.querySelectorAll('#automation-conditions-list .automation-condition-row');
-    const conditions = [];
+    const conditions: any[] = [];
     rows.forEach(row => {
-        const typeSelect = row.querySelector('.condition-type-select');
+        const typeSelect = row.querySelector('.condition-type-select') as HTMLSelectElement;
         const condType = typeSelect ? typeSelect.value : 'application';
         if (condType === 'always') {
             conditions.push({ condition_type: 'always' });
@@ -631,35 +664,35 @@ function getAutomationEditorConditions() {
         } else if (condType === 'time_of_day') {
             conditions.push({
                 condition_type: 'time_of_day',
-                start_time: row.querySelector('.condition-start-time').value || '00:00',
-                end_time: row.querySelector('.condition-end-time').value || '23:59',
+                start_time: (row.querySelector('.condition-start-time') as HTMLInputElement).value || '00:00',
+                end_time: (row.querySelector('.condition-end-time') as HTMLInputElement).value || '23:59',
             });
         } else if (condType === 'system_idle') {
             conditions.push({
                 condition_type: 'system_idle',
-                idle_minutes: parseInt(row.querySelector('.condition-idle-minutes').value, 10) || 5,
-                when_idle: row.querySelector('.condition-when-idle').value === 'true',
+                idle_minutes: parseInt((row.querySelector('.condition-idle-minutes') as HTMLInputElement).value, 10) || 5,
+                when_idle: (row.querySelector('.condition-when-idle') as HTMLSelectElement).value === 'true',
             });
         } else if (condType === 'display_state') {
             conditions.push({
                 condition_type: 'display_state',
-                state: row.querySelector('.condition-display-state').value || 'on',
+                state: (row.querySelector('.condition-display-state') as HTMLSelectElement).value || 'on',
             });
         } else if (condType === 'mqtt') {
             conditions.push({
                 condition_type: 'mqtt',
-                topic: row.querySelector('.condition-mqtt-topic').value.trim(),
-                payload: row.querySelector('.condition-mqtt-payload').value,
-                match_mode: row.querySelector('.condition-mqtt-match-mode').value || 'exact',
+                topic: (row.querySelector('.condition-mqtt-topic') as HTMLInputElement).value.trim(),
+                payload: (row.querySelector('.condition-mqtt-payload') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+                match_mode: (row.querySelector('.condition-mqtt-match-mode') as HTMLSelectElement).value || 'exact',
             });
         } else if (condType === 'webhook') {
-            const tokenInput = row.querySelector('.condition-webhook-token');
-            const cond = { condition_type: 'webhook' };
+            const tokenInput = row.querySelector('.condition-webhook-token') as HTMLInputElement;
+            const cond: any = { condition_type: 'webhook' };
             if (tokenInput && tokenInput.value) cond.token = tokenInput.value;
             conditions.push(cond);
         } else {
-            const matchType = row.querySelector('.condition-match-type').value;
-            const appsText = row.querySelector('.condition-apps').value.trim();
+            const matchType = (row.querySelector('.condition-match-type') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+            const appsText = (row.querySelector('.condition-apps') as HTMLTextAreaElement).value.trim();
             const apps = appsText ? appsText.split('\n').map(a => a.trim()).filter(Boolean) : [];
             conditions.push({ condition_type: 'application', apps, match_type: matchType });
         }
@@ -668,10 +701,10 @@ function getAutomationEditorConditions() {
 }
 
 export async function saveAutomationEditor() {
-    const idInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-id');
-    const nameInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-name');
-    const enabledInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-enabled');
-    const logicSelect = document.getElementById('automation-editor-logic');
+    const idInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-id') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const nameInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-name') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const enabledInput = document.getElementById('automation-editor-enabled') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const logicSelect = document.getElementById('automation-editor-logic') as HTMLSelectElement;
 
     const name = nameInput.value.trim();
     if (!name) {
@@ -684,9 +717,9 @@ export async function saveAutomationEditor() {
         enabled: enabledInput.checked,
         condition_logic: logicSelect.value,
         conditions: getAutomationEditorConditions(),
-        scene_preset_id: document.getElementById('automation-scene-id').value || null,
-        deactivation_mode: document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode').value,
-        deactivation_scene_preset_id: document.getElementById('automation-fallback-scene-id').value || null,
+        scene_preset_id: (document.getElementById('automation-scene-id') as HTMLSelectElement).value || null,
+        deactivation_mode: (document.getElementById('automation-deactivation-mode') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+        deactivation_scene_preset_id: (document.getElementById('automation-fallback-scene-id') as HTMLSelectElement).value || null,
         tags: _automationTagsInput ? _automationTagsInput.getValue() : [],
     };
 
@@ -706,29 +739,34 @@ export async function saveAutomationEditor() {
 
         automationModal.forceClose();
         showToast(isEdit ? t('automations.updated') : t('automations.created'), 'success');
+        automationsCacheObj.invalidate();
         loadAutomations();
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (e: any) {
         if (e.isAuth) return;
         automationModal.showError(e.message);
     }
 }
 
-export async function toggleAutomationEnabled(automationId, enable) {
+export async function toggleAutomationEnabled(automationId: any, enable: any) {
     try {
         const action = enable ? 'enable' : 'disable';
         const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/automations/${automationId}/${action}`, {
             method: 'POST',
         });
-        if (!resp.ok) throw new Error(`Failed to ${action} automation`);
+        if (!resp.ok) {
+            const err = await resp.json().catch(() => ({}));
+            throw new Error(err.detail || `Failed to ${action} automation`);
+        }
+        automationsCacheObj.invalidate();
         loadAutomations();
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (e: any) {
         if (e.isAuth) return;
         showToast(e.message, 'error');
     }
 }
 
-export function copyWebhookUrl(btn) {
-    const input = btn.closest('.webhook-url-row').querySelector('.condition-webhook-url');
+export function copyWebhookUrl(btn: any) {
+    const input = btn.closest('.webhook-url-row').querySelector('.condition-webhook-url') as HTMLInputElement;
     if (!input || !input.value) return;
     const onCopied = () => {
         const orig = btn.textContent;
@@ -744,19 +782,19 @@ export function copyWebhookUrl(btn) {
     }
 }
 
-export async function cloneAutomation(automationId) {
+export async function cloneAutomation(automationId: any) {
     try {
         const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/automations/${automationId}`);
         if (!resp.ok) throw new Error('Failed to load automation');
         const automation = await resp.json();
         openAutomationEditor(null, automation);
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (e: any) {
         if (e.isAuth) return;
         showToast(t('automations.error.clone_failed'), 'error');
     }
 }
 
-export async function deleteAutomation(automationId, automationName) {
+export async function deleteAutomation(automationId: any, automationName: any) {
     const msg = t('automations.delete.confirm').replace('{name}', automationName);
     const confirmed = await showConfirm(msg);
     if (!confirmed) return;
@@ -765,10 +803,14 @@ export async function deleteAutomation(automationId, automationName) {
         const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/automations/${automationId}`, {
             method: 'DELETE',
         });
-        if (!resp.ok) throw new Error('Failed to delete automation');
+        if (!resp.ok) {
+            const err = await resp.json().catch(() => ({}));
+            throw new Error(err.detail || 'Failed to delete automation');
+        }
         showToast(t('automations.deleted'), 'success');
+        automationsCacheObj.invalidate();
         loadAutomations();
-    } catch (e) {
+    } catch (e: any) {
         if (e.isAuth) return;
         showToast(e.message, 'error');
     }

server/src/wled_controller/static/js/features/calibration.ts

@@ -4,15 +4,16 @@
 
 import {
     calibrationTestState, EDGE_TEST_COLORS, displaysCache,
-} from '../core/state.js';
-import { API_BASE, getHeaders, fetchWithAuth } from '../core/api.js';
-import { colorStripSourcesCache, devicesCache } from '../core/state.js';
-import { t } from '../core/i18n.js';
-import { showToast } from '../core/ui.js';
-import { Modal } from '../core/modal.js';
-import { closeTutorial, startCalibrationTutorial } from './tutorials.js';
-import { startCSSOverlay, stopCSSOverlay } from './color-strips.js';
-import { ICON_WARNING, ICON_ROTATE_CW, ICON_ROTATE_CCW } from '../core/icons.js';
+} from '../core/state.ts';
+import { API_BASE, getHeaders, fetchWithAuth } from '../core/api.ts';
+import { colorStripSourcesCache, devicesCache } from '../core/state.ts';
+import { t } from '../core/i18n.ts';
+import { showToast } from '../core/ui.ts';
+import { Modal } from '../core/modal.ts';
+import { closeTutorial, startCalibrationTutorial } from './tutorials.ts';
+import { startCSSOverlay, stopCSSOverlay } from './color-strips.ts';
+import { ICON_WARNING, ICON_ROTATE_CW, ICON_ROTATE_CCW } from '../core/icons.ts';
+import type { Calibration } from '../types.ts';
 
 /* ── CalibrationModal subclass ────────────────────────────────── */
 
@@ -23,35 +24,35 @@ class CalibrationModal extends Modal {
 
     snapshotValues() {
         return {
-            start_position: this.$('cal-start-position').value,
-            layout:         this.$('cal-layout').value,
-            offset:         this.$('cal-offset').value,
-            top:            this.$('cal-top-leds').value,
-            right:          this.$('cal-right-leds').value,
-            bottom:         this.$('cal-bottom-leds').value,
-            left:           this.$('cal-left-leds').value,
+            start_position: (this.$('cal-start-position') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+            layout:         (this.$('cal-layout') as HTMLSelectElement).value,
+            offset:         (this.$('cal-offset') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            top:            (this.$('cal-top-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            right:          (this.$('cal-right-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            bottom:         (this.$('cal-bottom-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            left:           (this.$('cal-left-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value,
             spans:          JSON.stringify(window.edgeSpans),
-            skip_start:     this.$('cal-skip-start').value,
-            skip_end:       this.$('cal-skip-end').value,
-            border_width:   this.$('cal-border-width').value,
-            led_count:      this.$('cal-css-led-count').value,
+            skip_start:     (this.$('cal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            skip_end:       (this.$('cal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            border_width:   (this.$('cal-border-width') as HTMLInputElement).value,
+            led_count:      (this.$('cal-css-led-count') as HTMLInputElement).value,
         };
     }
 
     onForceClose() {
         closeTutorial();
         if (_isCSS()) {
-            const cssId = document.getElementById('calibration-css-id')?.value;
+            const cssId = (document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement)?.value;
             if (_overlayStartedHere && cssId) {
                 stopCSSOverlay(cssId);
                 _overlayStartedHere = false;
             }
             _clearCSSTestMode();
-            document.getElementById('calibration-css-id').value = '';
+            (document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement).value = '';
             const testGroup = document.getElementById('calibration-css-test-group');
             if (testGroup) testGroup.style.display = 'none';
         } else {
-            const deviceId = this.$('calibration-device-id').value;
+            const deviceId = (this.$('calibration-device-id') as HTMLInputElement).value;
             if (deviceId) clearTestMode(deviceId);
         }
         if (window._calibrationResizeObserver) window._calibrationResizeObserver.disconnect();
@@ -62,26 +63,26 @@ class CalibrationModal extends Modal {
 
 const calibModal = new CalibrationModal();
 
-let _dragRaf = null;
-let _previewRaf = null;
+let _dragRaf: number | null = null;
+let _previewRaf: number | null = null;
 let _overlayStartedHere = false;
 
 /* ── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
 function _isCSS() {
-    return !!(document.getElementById('calibration-css-id')?.value);
+    return !!((document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement)?.value);
 }
 
 function _cssStateKey() {
-    return `css_${document.getElementById('calibration-css-id').value}`;
+    return `css_${(document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement).value}`;
 }
 
 async function _clearCSSTestMode() {
-    const cssId = document.getElementById('calibration-css-id')?.value;
+    const cssId = (document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement)?.value;
     const stateKey = _cssStateKey();
     if (!cssId || !calibrationTestState[stateKey] || calibrationTestState[stateKey].size === 0) return;
     calibrationTestState[stateKey] = new Set();
-    const testDeviceId = document.getElementById('calibration-test-device')?.value;
+    const testDeviceId = (document.getElementById('calibration-test-device') as HTMLSelectElement)?.value;
     if (!testDeviceId) return;
     try {
         await fetchWithAuth(`/color-strip-sources/${cssId}/calibration/test`, {
@@ -93,13 +94,13 @@ async function _clearCSSTestMode() {
     }
 }
 
-function _setOverlayBtnActive(active) {
+function _setOverlayBtnActive(active: any) {
     const btn = document.getElementById('calibration-overlay-btn');
     if (!btn) return;
     btn.classList.toggle('active', active);
 }
 
-async function _checkOverlayStatus(cssId) {
+async function _checkOverlayStatus(cssId: any) {
     try {
         const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/color-strip-sources/${cssId}/overlay/status`);
         if (resp.ok) {
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ async function _checkOverlayStatus(cssId) {
 }
 
 export async function toggleCalibrationOverlay() {
-    const cssId = document.getElementById('calibration-css-id')?.value;
+    const cssId = (document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement)?.value;
     if (!cssId) return;
     try {
         const resp = await fetchWithAuth(`/color-strip-sources/${cssId}/overlay/status`);
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@ export async function toggleCalibrationOverlay() {
             _setOverlayBtnActive(true);
             _overlayStartedHere = true;
         }
-    } catch (err) {
+    } catch (err: any) {
         if (err.isAuth) return;
         console.error('Failed to toggle calibration overlay:', err);
     }
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ export async function toggleCalibrationOverlay() {
 
 /* ── Public API (exported names unchanged) ────────────────────── */
 
-export async function showCalibration(deviceId) {
+export async function showCalibration(deviceId: any) {
     try {
         const [response, displays] = await Promise.all([
             fetchWithAuth(`/devices/${deviceId}`),
@@ -145,34 +146,34 @@ export async function showCalibration(deviceId) {
         const device = await response.json();
         const calibration = device.calibration;
 
-        const preview = document.querySelector('.calibration-preview');
+        const preview = document.querySelector('.calibration-preview') as HTMLElement;
         const displayIndex = device.settings?.display_index ?? 0;
-        const display = displays.find(d => d.index === displayIndex);
+        const display = displays.find((d: any) => d.index === displayIndex);
         if (display && display.width && display.height) {
             preview.style.aspectRatio = `${display.width} / ${display.height}`;
         } else {
             preview.style.aspectRatio = '';
         }
 
-        document.getElementById('calibration-device-id').value = device.id;
-        document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline').textContent = device.led_count;
-        document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count-group').style.display = 'none';
-        document.getElementById('calibration-overlay-btn').style.display = 'none';
+        (document.getElementById('calibration-device-id') as HTMLInputElement).value = device.id;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline') as HTMLElement).textContent = device.led_count;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count-group') as HTMLElement).style.display = 'none';
+        (document.getElementById('calibration-overlay-btn') as HTMLElement).style.display = 'none';
 
-        document.getElementById('cal-start-position').value = calibration.start_position;
-        document.getElementById('cal-layout').value = calibration.layout;
-        document.getElementById('cal-offset').value = calibration.offset || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-start-position') as HTMLSelectElement).value = calibration.start_position;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-layout') as HTMLSelectElement).value = calibration.layout;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-offset') as HTMLInputElement).value = calibration.offset || 0;
 
-        document.getElementById('cal-top-leds').value = calibration.leds_top || 0;
-        document.getElementById('cal-right-leds').value = calibration.leds_right || 0;
-        document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds').value = calibration.leds_bottom || 0;
-        document.getElementById('cal-left-leds').value = calibration.leds_left || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-top-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = calibration.leds_top || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-right-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = calibration.leds_right || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = calibration.leds_bottom || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-left-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = calibration.leds_left || 0;
 
-        document.getElementById('cal-skip-start').value = calibration.skip_leds_start || 0;
-        document.getElementById('cal-skip-end').value = calibration.skip_leds_end || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement).value = calibration.skip_leds_start || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement).value = calibration.skip_leds_end || 0;
         updateOffsetSkipLock();
 
-        document.getElementById('cal-border-width').value = calibration.border_width || 10;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-border-width') as HTMLInputElement).value = calibration.border_width || 10;
 
         window.edgeSpans = {
             top: { start: calibration.span_top_start ?? 0, end: calibration.span_top_end ?? 1 },
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ export async function showCalibration(deviceId) {
         }
         window._calibrationResizeObserver.observe(preview);
 
-    } catch (error) {
+    } catch (error: any) {
         if (error.isAuth) return;
         console.error('Failed to load calibration:', error);
         showToast(t('calibration.error.load_failed'), 'error');
@@ -230,71 +231,70 @@ export async function closeCalibrationModal() {
 
 /* ── CSS Calibration support ──────────────────────────────────── */
 
-export async function showCSSCalibration(cssId) {
+export async function showCSSCalibration(cssId: any) {
     try {
         const [cssSources, devices] = await Promise.all([
             colorStripSourcesCache.fetch(),
             devicesCache.fetch().catch(() => []),
         ]);
-        const source = cssSources.find(s => s.id === cssId);
+        const source = cssSources.find((s: any) => s.id === cssId);
         if (!source) { showToast(t('calibration.error.css_load_failed'), 'error'); return; }
-        const calibration = source.calibration || {
-        }
+        const calibration: Calibration = source.calibration || {} as Calibration;
 
         // Set CSS mode — clear device-id, set css-id
-        document.getElementById('calibration-device-id').value = '';
-        document.getElementById('calibration-css-id').value = cssId;
+        (document.getElementById('calibration-device-id') as HTMLInputElement).value = '';
+        (document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement).value = cssId;
 
         // Populate device picker for edge test
-        const testDeviceSelect = document.getElementById('calibration-test-device');
+        const testDeviceSelect = document.getElementById('calibration-test-device') as HTMLSelectElement;
         testDeviceSelect.innerHTML = '';
-        devices.forEach(d => {
+        devices.forEach((d: any) => {
             const opt = document.createElement('option');
             opt.value = d.id;
             opt.textContent = d.name;
             testDeviceSelect.appendChild(opt);
         });
-        const testGroup = document.getElementById('calibration-css-test-group');
+        const testGroup = document.getElementById('calibration-css-test-group') as HTMLElement;
         testGroup.style.display = devices.length ? '' : 'none';
 
         // Pre-select device: 1) LED count match, 2) last remembered, 3) first
         if (devices.length) {
             const rememberedId = localStorage.getItem('css_calibration_test_device');
-            let selected = null;
+            let selected: any = null;
             if (source.led_count > 0) {
-                selected = devices.find(d => d.led_count === source.led_count) || null;
+                selected = devices.find((d: any) => d.led_count === source.led_count) || null;
             }
             if (!selected && rememberedId) {
-                selected = devices.find(d => d.id === rememberedId) || null;
+                selected = devices.find((d: any) => d.id === rememberedId) || null;
             }
             if (selected) testDeviceSelect.value = selected.id;
             testDeviceSelect.onchange = () => localStorage.setItem('css_calibration_test_device', testDeviceSelect.value);
         }
 
         // Populate calibration fields
-        const preview = document.querySelector('.calibration-preview');
+        const preview = document.querySelector('.calibration-preview') as HTMLElement;
         preview.style.aspectRatio = '';
-        document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline').textContent = '—';
-        const ledCountGroup = document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count-group');
+        (document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline') as HTMLElement).textContent = '—';
+        const ledCountGroup = document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count-group') as HTMLElement;
         ledCountGroup.style.display = '';
         const calLeds = (calibration.leds_top || 0) + (calibration.leds_right || 0) +
                         (calibration.leds_bottom || 0) + (calibration.leds_left || 0);
-        document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count').value = source.led_count || calLeds || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(source.led_count || calLeds || 0);
 
-        document.getElementById('cal-start-position').value = calibration.start_position || 'bottom_left';
-        document.getElementById('cal-layout').value = calibration.layout || 'clockwise';
-        document.getElementById('cal-offset').value = calibration.offset || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-start-position') as HTMLSelectElement).value = calibration.start_position || 'bottom_left';
+        (document.getElementById('cal-layout') as HTMLSelectElement).value = calibration.layout || 'clockwise';
+        (document.getElementById('cal-offset') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.offset || 0);
 
-        document.getElementById('cal-top-leds').value = calibration.leds_top || 0;
-        document.getElementById('cal-right-leds').value = calibration.leds_right || 0;
-        document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds').value = calibration.leds_bottom || 0;
-        document.getElementById('cal-left-leds').value = calibration.leds_left || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-top-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.leds_top || 0);
+        (document.getElementById('cal-right-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.leds_right || 0);
+        (document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.leds_bottom || 0);
+        (document.getElementById('cal-left-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.leds_left || 0);
 
-        document.getElementById('cal-skip-start').value = calibration.skip_leds_start || 0;
-        document.getElementById('cal-skip-end').value = calibration.skip_leds_end || 0;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.skip_leds_start || 0);
+        (document.getElementById('cal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.skip_leds_end || 0);
         updateOffsetSkipLock();
 
-        document.getElementById('cal-border-width').value = calibration.border_width || 10;
+        (document.getElementById('cal-border-width') as HTMLInputElement).value = String(calibration.border_width || 10);
 
         window.edgeSpans = {
             top: { start: calibration.span_top_start ?? 0, end: calibration.span_top_end ?? 1 },
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ export async function showCSSCalibration(cssId) {
 
         // Show overlay toggle and check current status
         _overlayStartedHere = false;
-        const overlayBtn = document.getElementById('calibration-overlay-btn');
+        const overlayBtn = document.getElementById('calibration-overlay-btn') as HTMLElement;
         overlayBtn.style.display = '';
         _setOverlayBtnActive(false);
         _checkOverlayStatus(cssId);
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ export async function showCSSCalibration(cssId) {
         }
         window._calibrationResizeObserver.observe(preview);
 
-    } catch (error) {
+    } catch (error: any) {
         if (error.isAuth) return;
         console.error('Failed to load CSS calibration:', error);
         showToast(t('calibration.error.load_failed'), 'error');
@@ -340,58 +340,58 @@ export async function showCSSCalibration(cssId) {
 }
 
 export function updateOffsetSkipLock() {
-    const offsetEl = document.getElementById('cal-offset');
-    const skipStartEl = document.getElementById('cal-skip-start');
-    const skipEndEl = document.getElementById('cal-skip-end');
-    const hasOffset = parseInt(offsetEl.value || 0) > 0;
-    const hasSkip = parseInt(skipStartEl.value || 0) > 0 || parseInt(skipEndEl.value || 0) > 0;
+    const offsetEl = document.getElementById('cal-offset') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const skipStartEl = document.getElementById('cal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const skipEndEl = document.getElementById('cal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement;
+    const hasOffset = parseInt(offsetEl.value || '0') > 0;
+    const hasSkip = parseInt(skipStartEl.value || '0') > 0 || parseInt(skipEndEl.value || '0') > 0;
     skipStartEl.disabled = hasOffset;
     skipEndEl.disabled = hasOffset;
     offsetEl.disabled = hasSkip;
 }
 
 export function updateCalibrationPreview() {
-    const total = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-top-leds').value || 0) +
-                  parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-right-leds').value || 0) +
-                  parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds').value || 0) +
-                  parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-left-leds').value || 0);
-    const totalEl = document.querySelector('.preview-screen-total');
+    const total = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-top-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0') +
+                  parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-right-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0') +
+                  parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0') +
+                  parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-left-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
+    const totalEl = document.querySelector('.preview-screen-total') as HTMLElement;
     const inCSS = _isCSS();
     const declaredCount = inCSS
-        ? parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count').value || 0)
-        : parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline').textContent || 0);
+        ? parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0')
+        : parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline') as HTMLElement).textContent || '0');
     if (inCSS) {
-        document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline').textContent = declaredCount || '—';
+        (document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline') as HTMLElement).textContent = String(declaredCount || '—');
     }
     // In device mode: calibration total must exactly equal device LED count
     // In CSS mode: warn only if calibrated LEDs exceed the declared total (padding handles the rest)
     const mismatch = inCSS
         ? (declaredCount > 0 && total > declaredCount)
         : (total !== declaredCount);
-    document.getElementById('cal-total-leds-inline').innerHTML = (mismatch ? ICON_WARNING + ' ' : '') + total;
+    (document.getElementById('cal-total-leds-inline') as HTMLElement).innerHTML = (mismatch ? ICON_WARNING + ' ' : '') + total;
     if (totalEl) totalEl.classList.toggle('mismatch', mismatch);
 
-    const startPos = document.getElementById('cal-start-position').value;
+    const startPos = (document.getElementById('cal-start-position') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
     ['top_left', 'top_right', 'bottom_left', 'bottom_right'].forEach(corner => {
-        const cornerEl = document.querySelector(`.preview-corner.corner-${corner.replace('_', '-')}`);
+        const cornerEl = document.querySelector(`.preview-corner.corner-${corner.replace('_', '-')}`) as HTMLElement;
         if (cornerEl) {
             if (corner === startPos) cornerEl.classList.add('active');
             else cornerEl.classList.remove('active');
         }
     });
 
-    const direction = document.getElementById('cal-layout').value;
+    const direction = (document.getElementById('cal-layout') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
     const dirIcon = document.getElementById('direction-icon');
     const dirLabel = document.getElementById('direction-label');
     if (dirIcon) dirIcon.innerHTML = direction === 'clockwise' ? ICON_ROTATE_CW : ICON_ROTATE_CCW;
     if (dirLabel) dirLabel.textContent = direction === 'clockwise' ? 'CW' : 'CCW';
 
-    const deviceId = document.getElementById('calibration-device-id').value;
+    const deviceId = (document.getElementById('calibration-device-id') as HTMLInputElement).value;
     const stateKey = _isCSS() ? _cssStateKey() : deviceId;
     const activeEdges = calibrationTestState[stateKey] || new Set();
 
     ['top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left'].forEach(edge => {
-        const toggleEl = document.querySelector(`.edge-toggle.toggle-${edge}`);
+        const toggleEl = document.querySelector(`.edge-toggle.toggle-${edge}`) as HTMLElement;
         if (!toggleEl) return;
         if (activeEdges.has(edge)) {
             const [r, g, b] = EDGE_TEST_COLORS[edge];
@@ -404,9 +404,9 @@ export function updateCalibrationPreview() {
     });
 
     ['top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left'].forEach(edge => {
-        const count = parseInt(document.getElementById(`cal-${edge}-leds`).value) || 0;
-        const edgeEl = document.querySelector(`.preview-edge.edge-${edge}`);
-        const toggleEl = document.querySelector(`.edge-toggle.toggle-${edge}`);
+        const count = parseInt((document.getElementById(`cal-${edge}-leds`) as HTMLInputElement).value) || 0;
+        const edgeEl = document.querySelector(`.preview-edge.edge-${edge}`) as HTMLElement;
+        const toggleEl = document.querySelector(`.edge-toggle.toggle-${edge}`) as HTMLElement;
         if (edgeEl) edgeEl.classList.toggle('edge-disabled', count === 0);
         if (toggleEl) toggleEl.classList.toggle('edge-disabled', count === 0);
     });
@@ -420,11 +420,11 @@ export function updateCalibrationPreview() {
 }
 
 export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
-    const canvas = document.getElementById('calibration-preview-canvas');
+    const canvas = document.getElementById('calibration-preview-canvas') as HTMLCanvasElement;
     if (!canvas) return;
 
     const container = canvas.parentElement;
-    const containerRect = container.getBoundingClientRect();
+    const containerRect = container!.getBoundingClientRect();
     if (containerRect.width === 0 || containerRect.height === 0) return;
 
     const padX = 40;
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
     const canvasH = containerRect.height + padY * 2;
     canvas.width = canvasW * dpr;
     canvas.height = canvasH * dpr;
-    const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
+    const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d')!;
     ctx.scale(dpr, dpr);
     ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvasW, canvasH);
 
@@ -444,20 +444,20 @@ export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
     const cW = containerRect.width;
     const cH = containerRect.height;
 
-    const startPos = document.getElementById('cal-start-position').value;
-    const layout = document.getElementById('cal-layout').value;
-    const offset = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-offset').value || 0);
+    const startPos = (document.getElementById('cal-start-position') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+    const layout = (document.getElementById('cal-layout') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+    const offset = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-offset') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
     const calibration = {
         start_position: startPos,
         layout: layout,
         offset: offset,
-        leds_top: parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-top-leds').value || 0),
-        leds_right: parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-right-leds').value || 0),
-        leds_bottom: parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds').value || 0),
-        leds_left: parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-left-leds').value || 0),
+        leds_top: parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-top-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0'),
+        leds_right: parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-right-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0'),
+        leds_bottom: parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0'),
+        leds_left: parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-left-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0'),
     };
-    const skipStart = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-skip-start').value || 0);
-    const skipEnd = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-skip-end').value || 0);
+    const skipStart = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
+    const skipEnd = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
 
     const segments = buildSegments(calibration);
     if (segments.length === 0) return;
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
     const edgeLenH = cW - 2 * cw;
     const edgeLenV = cH - 2 * ch;
 
-    const edgeGeometry = {
+    const edgeGeometry: any = {
         top:    { x1: ox + cw + (spans.top?.start || 0) * edgeLenH, x2: ox + cw + (spans.top?.end || 1) * edgeLenH, midY: oy + ch / 2, horizontal: true },
         bottom: { x1: ox + cw + (spans.bottom?.start || 0) * edgeLenH, x2: ox + cw + (spans.bottom?.end || 1) * edgeLenH, midY: oy + cH - ch / 2, horizontal: true },
         left:   { y1: oy + ch + (spans.left?.start || 0) * edgeLenV, y2: oy + ch + (spans.left?.end || 1) * edgeLenV, midX: ox + cw / 2, horizontal: false },
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
     };
 
     const toggleSize = 16;
-    const axisPos = {
+    const axisPos: any = {
         top:    oy - toggleSize - 3,
         bottom: oy + cH + toggleSize + 3,
         left:   ox - toggleSize - 3,
@@ -493,14 +493,14 @@ export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
     };
 
     const arrowInset = 12;
-    const arrowPos = {
+    const arrowPos: any = {
         top:    oy + ch + arrowInset,
         bottom: oy + cH - ch - arrowInset,
         left:   ox + cw + arrowInset,
         right:  ox + cW - cw - arrowInset,
     };
 
-    segments.forEach(seg => {
+    segments.forEach((seg: any) => {
         const geo = edgeGeometry[seg.edge];
         if (!geo) return;
 
@@ -510,23 +510,23 @@ export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
         const edgeDisplayStart = hasSkip ? Math.max(seg.led_start, skipStart) : seg.led_start;
         const edgeDisplayEnd = hasSkip ? Math.min(seg.led_start + count, totalLeds - skipEnd) : seg.led_start + count - 1;
         const edgeDisplayRange = edgeDisplayEnd - edgeDisplayStart;
-        const toEdgeLabel = (i) => {
+        const toEdgeLabel = (i: number) => {
             if (!hasSkip) return totalLeds > 0 ? (seg.led_start + i) % totalLeds : seg.led_start + i;
             if (count <= 1) return edgeDisplayStart;
             return Math.round(edgeDisplayStart + i / (count - 1) * edgeDisplayRange);
         };
 
-        const edgeBounds = new Set();
+        const edgeBounds = new Set<number>();
         edgeBounds.add(0);
         if (count > 1) edgeBounds.add(count - 1);
 
-        const specialTicks = new Set();
+        const specialTicks = new Set<number>();
         if (offset > 0 && totalLeds > 0) {
             const zeroPos = (totalLeds - seg.led_start % totalLeds) % totalLeds;
             if (zeroPos < count) specialTicks.add(zeroPos);
         }
 
-        const labelsToShow = new Set([...specialTicks]);
+        const labelsToShow = new Set<number>([...specialTicks]);
 
         if (count > 2) {
             const edgeLen = geo.horizontal ? (geo.x2 - geo.x1) : (geo.y2 - geo.y1);
@@ -541,12 +541,12 @@ export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
                 if (Math.floor(count / s) <= maxIntermediate) { step = s; break; }
             }
 
-            const tickPx = i => {
+            const tickPx = (i: number) => {
                 const f = i / (count - 1);
                 return (seg.reverse ? (1 - f) : f) * edgeLen;
             };
 
-            const placed = [];
+            const placed: number[] = [];
             specialTicks.forEach(i => placed.push(tickPx(i)));
 
             for (let i = 1; i < count - 1; i++) {
@@ -634,12 +634,12 @@ export function renderCalibrationCanvas() {
 
 function updateSpanBars() {
     const spans = window.edgeSpans || {};
-    const container = document.querySelector('.calibration-preview');
+    const container = document.querySelector('.calibration-preview') as HTMLElement;
     ['top', 'right', 'bottom', 'left'].forEach(edge => {
-        const bar = document.querySelector(`.edge-span-bar[data-edge="${edge}"]`);
+        const bar = document.querySelector(`.edge-span-bar[data-edge="${edge}"]`) as HTMLElement;
         if (!bar) return;
         const span = spans[edge] || { start: 0, end: 1 };
-        const edgeEl = bar.parentElement;
+        const edgeEl = bar.parentElement as HTMLElement;
         const isHorizontal = (edge === 'top' || edge === 'bottom');
 
         if (isHorizontal) {
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ function updateSpanBars() {
         }
 
         if (!container) return;
-        const toggle = container.querySelector(`.toggle-${edge}`);
+        const toggle = container.querySelector(`.toggle-${edge}`) as HTMLElement;
         if (!toggle) return;
         if (isHorizontal) {
             const cornerW = 56;
@@ -675,22 +675,22 @@ function initSpanDrag() {
     const MIN_SPAN = 0.05;
 
     document.querySelectorAll('.edge-span-bar').forEach(bar => {
-        const edge = bar.dataset.edge;
+        const edge = (bar as HTMLElement).dataset.edge!;
         const isHorizontal = (edge === 'top' || edge === 'bottom');
 
-        bar.addEventListener('click', e => e.stopPropagation());
+        bar.addEventListener('click', (e: Event) => e.stopPropagation());
 
         bar.querySelectorAll('.edge-span-handle').forEach(handle => {
-            handle.addEventListener('mousedown', e => {
-                const edgeLeds = parseInt(document.getElementById(`cal-${edge}-leds`).value) || 0;
+            handle.addEventListener('mousedown', (e: Event) => {
+                const edgeLeds = parseInt((document.getElementById(`cal-${edge}-leds`) as HTMLInputElement).value) || 0;
                 if (edgeLeds === 0) return;
                 e.preventDefault();
                 e.stopPropagation();
-                const handleType = handle.dataset.handle;
-                const edgeEl = bar.parentElement;
+                const handleType = (handle as HTMLElement).dataset.handle;
+                const edgeEl = bar.parentElement as HTMLElement;
                 const rect = edgeEl.getBoundingClientRect();
 
-                function onMouseMove(ev) {
+                function onMouseMove(ev: MouseEvent) {
                     const span = window.edgeSpans[edge];
                     let fraction;
                     if (isHorizontal) fraction = (ev.clientX - rect.left) / rect.width;
@@ -722,22 +722,22 @@ function initSpanDrag() {
             });
         });
 
-        bar.addEventListener('mousedown', e => {
-            if (e.target.classList.contains('edge-span-handle')) return;
+        bar.addEventListener('mousedown', (e: Event) => {
+            if ((e.target as HTMLElement).classList.contains('edge-span-handle')) return;
             e.preventDefault();
             e.stopPropagation();
 
-            const edgeEl = bar.parentElement;
+            const edgeEl = bar.parentElement as HTMLElement;
             const rect = edgeEl.getBoundingClientRect();
             const span = window.edgeSpans[edge];
             const spanWidth = span.end - span.start;
 
             let startFraction;
-            if (isHorizontal) startFraction = (e.clientX - rect.left) / rect.width;
-            else startFraction = (e.clientY - rect.top) / rect.height;
+            if (isHorizontal) startFraction = ((e as MouseEvent).clientX - rect.left) / rect.width;
+            else startFraction = ((e as MouseEvent).clientY - rect.top) / rect.height;
             const offsetInSpan = startFraction - span.start;
 
-            function onMouseMove(ev) {
+            function onMouseMove(ev: MouseEvent) {
                 let fraction;
                 if (isHorizontal) fraction = (ev.clientX - rect.left) / rect.width;
                 else fraction = (ev.clientY - rect.top) / rect.height;
@@ -772,8 +772,8 @@ function initSpanDrag() {
     updateSpanBars();
 }
 
-export function setStartPosition(position) {
-    document.getElementById('cal-start-position').value = position;
+export function setStartPosition(position: any) {
+    (document.getElementById('cal-start-position') as HTMLSelectElement).value = position;
     updateCalibrationPreview();
 }
 
@@ -783,20 +783,20 @@ export function toggleEdgeInputs() {
 }
 
 export function toggleDirection() {
-    const select = document.getElementById('cal-layout');
+    const select = document.getElementById('cal-layout') as HTMLSelectElement;
     select.value = select.value === 'clockwise' ? 'counterclockwise' : 'clockwise';
     updateCalibrationPreview();
 }
 
-export async function toggleTestEdge(edge) {
-    const edgeLeds = parseInt(document.getElementById(`cal-${edge}-leds`).value) || 0;
+export async function toggleTestEdge(edge: any) {
+    const edgeLeds = parseInt((document.getElementById(`cal-${edge}-leds`) as HTMLInputElement).value) || 0;
     if (edgeLeds === 0) return;
 
-    const error = document.getElementById('calibration-error');
+    const error = document.getElementById('calibration-error') as HTMLElement;
 
     if (_isCSS()) {
-        const cssId = document.getElementById('calibration-css-id').value;
-        const testDeviceId = document.getElementById('calibration-test-device')?.value;
+        const cssId = (document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement).value;
+        const testDeviceId = (document.getElementById('calibration-test-device') as HTMLSelectElement)?.value;
         if (!testDeviceId) return;
 
         const stateKey = _cssStateKey();
@@ -804,8 +804,8 @@ export async function toggleTestEdge(edge) {
         if (calibrationTestState[stateKey].has(edge)) calibrationTestState[stateKey].delete(edge);
         else calibrationTestState[stateKey].add(edge);
 
-        const edges = {};
-        calibrationTestState[stateKey].forEach(e => { edges[e] = EDGE_TEST_COLORS[e]; });
+        const edges: any = {};
+        calibrationTestState[stateKey].forEach((e: any) => { edges[e] = EDGE_TEST_COLORS[e]; });
         updateCalibrationPreview();
 
         try {
@@ -815,26 +815,28 @@ export async function toggleTestEdge(edge) {
             });
             if (!response.ok) {
                 const errorData = await response.json();
-                error.textContent = t('calibration.error.test_toggle_failed');
+                const detail = errorData.detail || errorData.message || '';
+                const detailStr = Array.isArray(detail) ? detail.map((d: any) => d.msg || d).join('; ') : String(detail);
+                error.textContent = detailStr || t('calibration.error.test_toggle_failed');
                 error.style.display = 'block';
             }
-        } catch (err) {
+        } catch (err: any) {
             if (err.isAuth) return;
             console.error('Failed to toggle CSS test edge:', err);
-            error.textContent = t('calibration.error.test_toggle_failed');
+            error.textContent = err.message || t('calibration.error.test_toggle_failed');
             error.style.display = 'block';
         }
         return;
     }
 
-    const deviceId = document.getElementById('calibration-device-id').value;
+    const deviceId = (document.getElementById('calibration-device-id') as HTMLInputElement).value;
     if (!calibrationTestState[deviceId]) calibrationTestState[deviceId] = new Set();
 
     if (calibrationTestState[deviceId].has(edge)) calibrationTestState[deviceId].delete(edge);
     else calibrationTestState[deviceId].add(edge);
 
-    const edges = {};
-    calibrationTestState[deviceId].forEach(e => { edges[e] = EDGE_TEST_COLORS[e]; });
+    const edges: any = {};
+    calibrationTestState[deviceId].forEach((e: any) => { edges[e] = EDGE_TEST_COLORS[e]; });
 
     updateCalibrationPreview();
 
@@ -845,18 +847,20 @@ export async function toggleTestEdge(edge) {
         });
         if (!response.ok) {
             const errorData = await response.json();
-            error.textContent = t('calibration.error.test_toggle_failed');
+            const detail = errorData.detail || errorData.message || '';
+            const detailStr = Array.isArray(detail) ? detail.map((d: any) => d.msg || d).join('; ') : String(detail);
+            error.textContent = detailStr || t('calibration.error.test_toggle_failed');
             error.style.display = 'block';
         }
-    } catch (err) {
+    } catch (err: any) {
         if (err.isAuth) return;
         console.error('Failed to toggle test edge:', err);
-        error.textContent = t('calibration.error.test_toggle_failed');
+        error.textContent = err.message || t('calibration.error.test_toggle_failed');
         error.style.display = 'block';
     }
 }
 
-async function clearTestMode(deviceId) {
+async function clearTestMode(deviceId: any) {
     if (!calibrationTestState[deviceId] || calibrationTestState[deviceId].size === 0) return;
     calibrationTestState[deviceId] = new Set();
     try {
@@ -872,9 +876,9 @@ async function clearTestMode(deviceId) {
 
 export async function saveCalibration() {
     const cssMode = _isCSS();
-    const deviceId = document.getElementById('calibration-device-id').value;
-    const cssId = document.getElementById('calibration-css-id').value;
-    const error = document.getElementById('calibration-error');
+    const deviceId = (document.getElementById('calibration-device-id') as HTMLInputElement).value;
+    const cssId = (document.getElementById('calibration-css-id') as HTMLInputElement).value;
+    const error = document.getElementById('calibration-error') as HTMLElement;
 
     if (cssMode) {
         await _clearCSSTestMode();
@@ -883,15 +887,15 @@ export async function saveCalibration() {
     }
     updateCalibrationPreview();
 
-    const topLeds = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-top-leds').value || 0);
-    const rightLeds = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-right-leds').value || 0);
-    const bottomLeds = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds').value || 0);
-    const leftLeds = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-left-leds').value || 0);
+    const topLeds = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-top-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
+    const rightLeds = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-right-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
+    const bottomLeds = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-bottom-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
+    const leftLeds = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-left-leds') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
     const total = topLeds + rightLeds + bottomLeds + leftLeds;
 
     const declaredLedCount = cssMode
-        ? parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count').value) || 0
-        : parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline').textContent) || 0;
+        ? parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-css-led-count') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 0
+        : parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-device-led-count-inline') as HTMLElement).textContent!) || 0;
     if (!cssMode) {
         if (total !== declaredLedCount) {
             error.textContent = t('calibration.error.led_count_mismatch');
@@ -906,9 +910,9 @@ export async function saveCalibration() {
         }
     }
 
-    const startPosition = document.getElementById('cal-start-position').value;
-    const layout = document.getElementById('cal-layout').value;
-    const offset = parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-offset').value || 0);
+    const startPosition = (document.getElementById('cal-start-position') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+    const layout = (document.getElementById('cal-layout') as HTMLSelectElement).value;
+    const offset = parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-offset') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0');
 
     const spans = window.edgeSpans || {};
     const calibration = {
@@ -919,9 +923,9 @@ export async function saveCalibration() {
         span_right_start: spans.right?.start ?? 0, span_right_end: spans.right?.end ?? 1,
         span_bottom_start: spans.bottom?.start ?? 0, span_bottom_end: spans.bottom?.end ?? 1,
         span_left_start: spans.left?.start ?? 0, span_left_end: spans.left?.end ?? 1,
-        skip_leds_start: parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-skip-start').value || 0),
-        skip_leds_end: parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-skip-end').value || 0),
-        border_width: parseInt(document.getElementById('cal-border-width').value) || 10,
+        skip_leds_start: parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-skip-start') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0'),
+        skip_leds_end: parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-skip-end') as HTMLInputElement).value || '0'),
+        border_width: parseInt((document.getElementById('cal-border-width') as HTMLInputElement).value) || 10,
     };
 
     try {
@@ -948,19 +952,21 @@ export async function saveCalibration() {
             }
         } else {
             const errorData = await response.json();
-            error.textContent = t('calibration.error.save_failed');
+            const detail = errorData.detail || errorData.message || '';
+            const detailStr = Array.isArray(detail) ? detail.map((d: any) => d.msg || d).join('; ') : String(detail);
+            error.textContent = detailStr || t('calibration.error.save_failed');
             error.style.display = 'block';
         }
-    } catch (err) {
+    } catch (err: any) {
         if (err.isAuth) return;
         console.error('Failed to save calibration:', err);
-        error.textContent = t('calibration.error.save_failed');
+        error.textContent = err.message || t('calibration.error.save_failed');
         error.style.display = 'block';
     }
 }
 
-function getEdgeOrder(startPosition, layout) {
-    const orders = {
+function getEdgeOrder(startPosition: any, layout: any) {
+    const orders: any = {
         'bottom_left_clockwise': ['left', 'top', 'right', 'bottom'],
         'bottom_left_counterclockwise': ['bottom', 'right', 'top', 'left'],
         'bottom_right_clockwise': ['bottom', 'left', 'top', 'right'],
@@ -973,8 +979,8 @@ function getEdgeOrder(startPosition, layout) {
     return orders[`${startPosition}_${layout}`] || ['left', 'top', 'right', 'bottom'];
 }
 
-function shouldReverse(edge, startPosition, layout) {
-    const reverseRules = {
+function shouldReverse(edge: any, startPosition: any, layout: any) {
+    const reverseRules: any = {
         'bottom_left_clockwise': { left: true, top: false, right: false, bottom: true },
         'bottom_left_counterclockwise': { bottom: false, right: true, top: true, left: false },
         'bottom_right_clockwise': { bottom: true, left: true, top: false, right: false },
@@ -988,19 +994,19 @@ function shouldReverse(edge, startPosition, layout) {
     return rules ? rules[edge] : false;
 }
 
-function buildSegments(calibration) {
+function buildSegments(calibration: any) {
     const edgeOrder = getEdgeOrder(calibration.start_position, calibration.layout);
-    const edgeCounts = {
+    const edgeCounts: any = {
         top: calibration.leds_top || 0,
         right: calibration.leds_right || 0,
         bottom: calibration.leds_bottom || 0,
         left: calibration.leds_left || 0
     };
 
-    const segments = [];
+    const segments: any[] = [];
     let ledStart = calibration.offset || 0;
 
-    edgeOrder.forEach(edge => {
+    edgeOrder.forEach((edge: any) => {
         const count = edgeCounts[edge];
         if (count > 0) {
             segments.push({