Learn_System/frontend/js/phys.js

// phys.js — модуль физических хелперов для учебника Физика 10
// Экспорт в window.PHYS = { ... }
(function(){
'use strict';

// === Стрелка вектора (2D) ===
function drawArrow(x1, y1, x2, y2, color, width, headSize) {
  width = width || 2;
  headSize = headSize || 10;
  const dx = x2 - x1, dy = y2 - y1;
  const len = Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
  if (len < 1e-6) return '';
  const ux = dx / len, uy = dy / len;
  const px = -uy, py = ux;
  const h = headSize, w = headSize * 0.6;
  const bx = x2 - ux*h, by = y2 - uy*h;
  const lx = bx + px*w, ly = by + py*w;
  const rx = bx - px*w, ry = by - py*w;
  return `<line x1="${x1.toFixed(1)}" y1="${y1.toFixed(1)}" x2="${bx.toFixed(1)}" y2="${by.toFixed(1)}" stroke="${color}" stroke-width="${width}" stroke-linecap="round"/>`
       + `<polygon points="${x2.toFixed(1)},${y2.toFixed(1)} ${lx.toFixed(1)},${ly.toFixed(1)} ${rx.toFixed(1)},${ry.toFixed(1)}" fill="${color}"/>`;
}

// === Линии электрического поля от точечного заряда ===
function fieldLinesPointCharge(cx, cy, sign, scale, numLines) {
  numLines = numLines || 16;
  scale = scale || 80;
  let s = '';
  const color = sign > 0 ? '#dc2626' : '#2563eb';
  for (let i = 0; i < numLines; i++) {
    const a = 2 * Math.PI * i / numLines;
    const r1 = 18, r2 = scale;
    const x1 = cx + r1*Math.cos(a), y1 = cy + r1*Math.sin(a);
    const x2 = cx + r2*Math.cos(a), y2 = cy + r2*Math.sin(a);
    if (sign > 0) s += drawArrow(x1, y1, x2, y2, color, 1.4, 7);
    else          s += drawArrow(x2, y2, x1, y1, color, 1.4, 7);
  }
  return s;
}

// === Обозначение заряда (кружок с +/-) ===
function chargeMark(cx, cy, sign, r, label) {
  r = r || 14;
  const color = sign > 0 ? '#dc2626' : '#2563eb';
  const fill = sign > 0 ? '#fecaca' : '#bfdbfe';
  let s = '';
  s += `<circle cx="${cx}" cy="${cy}" r="${r}" fill="${fill}" stroke="${color}" stroke-width="2"/>`;
  if (sign > 0) {
    s += `<line x1="${cx-r*0.5}" y1="${cy}" x2="${cx+r*0.5}" y2="${cy}" stroke="${color}" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
    s += `<line x1="${cx}" y1="${cy-r*0.5}" x2="${cx}" y2="${cy+r*0.5}" stroke="${color}" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
  } else {
    s += `<line x1="${cx-r*0.5}" y1="${cy}" x2="${cx+r*0.5}" y2="${cy}" stroke="${color}" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
  }
  if (label) {
    s += `<text x="${cx+r+4}" y="${cy+4}" font-family="Inter,sans-serif" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="${color}">${label}</text>`;
  }
  return s;
}

// === Магнитное поле сквозь экран (сетка крестиков или точек) ===
function magneticFieldGrid(x0, y0, w, h, cols, rows, direction) {
  // direction: 'in' = крест (× — вошло в плоскость), 'out' = точка (• — вышло)
  let s = '';
  const dx = w / (cols - 1), dy = h / (rows - 1);
  const color = '#7c3aed';
  for (let i = 0; i < cols; i++) {
    for (let j = 0; j < rows; j++) {
      const cx = x0 + i * dx, cy = y0 + j * dy;
      s += `<circle cx="${cx}" cy="${cy}" r="6" fill="white" stroke="${color}" stroke-width="1.3"/>`;
      if (direction === 'in') {
        s += `<line x1="${cx-4}" y1="${cy-4}" x2="${cx+4}" y2="${cy+4}" stroke="${color}" stroke-width="1.5"/>`;
        s += `<line x1="${cx-4}" y1="${cy+4}" x2="${cx+4}" y2="${cy-4}" stroke="${color}" stroke-width="1.5"/>`;
      } else {
        s += `<circle cx="${cx}" cy="${cy}" r="2.2" fill="${color}"/>`;
      }
    }
  }
  return s;
}

// === Молекула газа (частица) ===
function molecule(x, y, r, color) {
  r = r || 4;
  color = color || '#2563eb';
  return `<circle cx="${x.toFixed(1)}" cy="${y.toFixed(1)}" r="${r}" fill="${color}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="0.6"/>`;
}

// === Симуляция газа (упругое столкновение со стенками) ===
function createGasSim(opts) {
  opts = opts || {};
  const N = opts.N || 30;
  const W = opts.W || 320;
  const H = opts.H || 220;
  const baseSpeed = opts.speed || 60;  // px/s
  const r = opts.r || 4;
  const particles = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) {
    particles.push({
      x: r + Math.random() * (W - 2*r),
      y: r + Math.random() * (H - 2*r),
      vx: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2 * baseSpeed,
      vy: (Math.random() - 0.5) * 2 * baseSpeed
    });
  }
  return {
    W: W, H: H, r: r, particles: particles,
    step(dt) {
      for (const p of particles) {
        p.x += p.vx * dt; p.y += p.vy * dt;
        if (p.x < r) { p.x = r; p.vx = -p.vx; }
        if (p.x > W - r) { p.x = W - r; p.vx = -p.vx; }
        if (p.y < r) { p.y = r; p.vy = -p.vy; }
        if (p.y > H - r) { p.y = H - r; p.vy = -p.vy; }
      }
    },
    render(color) {
      color = color || '#2563eb';
      return particles.map(p => molecule(p.x, p.y, r, color)).join('');
    },
    setSpeed(scale) {
      for (const p of particles) { p.vx *= scale; p.vy *= scale; }
    }
  };
}

// === Электрические схемы: компоненты ===
// orientation: 'h' (горизонтально, по умолчанию) или 'v' (вертикально)
function batteryEMF(x, y, EMF, orientation) {
  orientation = orientation || 'h';
  let s = '';
  if (orientation === 'h') {
    s += `<line x1="${x-3}" y1="${y-18}" x2="${x-3}" y2="${y+18}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
    s += `<line x1="${x+3}" y1="${y-9}" x2="${x+3}" y2="${y+9}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
    s += `<text x="${x-3}" y="${y-24}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Inter,sans-serif" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#0f172a">+</text>`;
    s += `<text x="${x+3}" y="${y-24}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Inter,sans-serif" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#0f172a">&#8722;</text>`;
    if (EMF !== undefined) s += `<text x="${x}" y="${y+34}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" font-size="12" fill="#0f172a">&#949; = ${EMF}</text>`;
  } else {
    s += `<line x1="${x-18}" y1="${y-3}" x2="${x+18}" y2="${y-3}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
    s += `<line x1="${x-9}" y1="${y+3}" x2="${x+9}" y2="${y+3}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
    if (EMF !== undefined) s += `<text x="${x+24}" y="${y+4}" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" font-size="12" fill="#0f172a">&#949; = ${EMF}</text>`;
  }
  return s;
}

function resistor(x, y, R, orientation) {
  orientation = orientation || 'h';
  let s = '';
  if (orientation === 'h') {
    s += `<rect x="${x-20}" y="${y-7}" width="40" height="14" fill="white" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.6"/>`;
    if (R !== undefined) s += `<text x="${x}" y="${y+25}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" font-size="12" fill="#0f172a">R = ${R}</text>`;
  } else {
    s += `<rect x="${x-7}" y="${y-20}" width="14" height="40" fill="white" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.6"/>`;
    if (R !== undefined) s += `<text x="${x+18}" y="${y+4}" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" font-size="12" fill="#0f172a">R = ${R}</text>`;
  }
  return s;
}

function capacitorSymbol(x, y, C, orientation) {
  orientation = orientation || 'h';
  let s = '';
  if (orientation === 'h') {
    s += `<line x1="${x-3}" y1="${y-14}" x2="${x-3}" y2="${y+14}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
    s += `<line x1="${x+3}" y1="${y-14}" x2="${x+3}" y2="${y+14}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="2.5"/>`;
    if (C !== undefined) s += `<text x="${x}" y="${y+30}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" font-size="12" fill="#0f172a">C = ${C}</text>`;
  }
  return s;
}

function ammeterSymbol(x, y, r) {
  r = r || 14;
  return `<circle cx="${x}" cy="${y}" r="${r}" fill="white" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.6"/>`
       + `<text x="${x}" y="${y+5}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Inter,sans-serif" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#d97706">A</text>`;
}

function voltmeterSymbol(x, y, r) {
  r = r || 14;
  return `<circle cx="${x}" cy="${y}" r="${r}" fill="white" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.6"/>`
       + `<text x="${x}" y="${y+5}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Inter,sans-serif" font-size="13" font-weight="700" fill="#2563eb">V</text>`;
}

function lightbulbSymbol(x, y, r) {
  r = r || 14;
  let s = '';
  s += `<circle cx="${x}" cy="${y}" r="${r}" fill="#fef3c7" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.6"/>`;
  s += `<line x1="${x-r*0.7}" y1="${y-r*0.7}" x2="${x+r*0.7}" y2="${y+r*0.7}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.4"/>`;
  s += `<line x1="${x-r*0.7}" y1="${y+r*0.7}" x2="${x+r*0.7}" y2="${y-r*0.7}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.4"/>`;
  return s;
}

function inductorSymbol(x, y, L, orientation) {
  orientation = orientation || 'h';
  let s = '';
  if (orientation === 'h') {
    for (let i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
      const cx = x - 15 + i * 10;
      s += `<path d="M ${cx-5} ${y} A 5 5 0 0 1 ${cx+5} ${y}" fill="none" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.6"/>`;
    }
    if (L !== undefined) s += `<text x="${x}" y="${y+22}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" font-size="12" fill="#0f172a">L = ${L}</text>`;
  }
  return s;
}

function wire(x1, y1, x2, y2) {
  return `<line x1="${x1}" y1="${y1}" x2="${x2}" y2="${y2}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.6"/>`;
}

// === Эталонные константы ===
const CONST = {
  k: 9e9,           // Кулона
  e: 1.6e-19,       // элементарный заряд
  eps0: 8.85e-12,   // электрическая постоянная
  kB: 1.38e-23,     // Больцмана
  NA: 6.022e23,     // Авогадро
  R: 8.314,         // универсальная газовая
  c: 3e8,           // скорость света
  g: 9.8,           // ускорение свободного падения
  atm: 101325,      // 1 атм в Па
  T0: 273.15        // ноль Цельсия в К
};

// === Конвертеры единиц ===
function celsiusToKelvin(t) { return t + 273.15; }
function kelvinToCelsius(T) { return T - 273.15; }
function atmToPa(p) { return p * 101325; }
function paToAtm(p) { return p / 101325; }
function litersToM3(V) { return V / 1000; }
function m3ToLiters(V) { return V * 1000; }

// === Расширения для Физики 8 (тепловые явления) ===

// === Цвет по температуре: 240° (синий) → 0° (красный) ===
function tempColor(t, tMin, tMax) {
  const u = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (t - tMin) / (tMax - tMin)));
  const hue = 240 * (1 - u);
  return `hsl(${hue.toFixed(0)},72%,52%)`;
}

// === Термометр (вертикальная шкала, столбик ртути по температуре) ===
function thermometer(x, y, h, tMin, tMax, tValue) {
  // x, y — верх корпуса; h — высота столбика
  const reservoirR = 11;
  const tubeW = 8;
  const u = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, (tValue - tMin) / (tMax - tMin)));
  const fillH = h * u;
  const color = tempColor(tValue, tMin, tMax);
  let s = '';
  // Корпус (стекло)
  s += `<rect x="${x - tubeW/2}" y="${y}" width="${tubeW}" height="${h}" rx="${tubeW/2}" fill="#fff" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.4"/>`;
  // Столбик ртути
  s += `<rect x="${x - tubeW/2 + 1.5}" y="${y + h - fillH}" width="${tubeW - 3}" height="${fillH}" rx="${(tubeW-3)/2}" fill="${color}"/>`;
  // Резервуар
  s += `<circle cx="${x}" cy="${y + h + reservoirR - 1}" r="${reservoirR}" fill="${color}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.4"/>`;
  // Деления (5)
  for (let i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
    const ty = y + h * i / 5;
    const tv = tMax - (tMax - tMin) * i / 5;
    s += `<line x1="${x + tubeW/2 + 1}" y1="${ty}" x2="${x + tubeW/2 + 6}" y2="${ty}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1"/>`;
    s += `<text x="${x + tubeW/2 + 9}" y="${ty + 3.5}" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" font-size="10" fill="#0f172a">${tv.toFixed(0)}</text>`;
  }
  // Подпись текущего значения
  s += `<text x="${x - tubeW/2 - 4}" y="${y - 4}" text-anchor="end" font-family="JetBrains Mono,monospace" font-size="11" font-weight="700" fill="${color}">${tValue.toFixed(0)} &#176;C</text>`;
  return s;
}

// === Калориметр-стакан с жидкостью ===
function calorimeter(x, y, w, h, fillFrac, liquidColor) {
  fillFrac = Math.max(0, Math.min(1, fillFrac || 0.6));
  liquidColor = liquidColor || '#60a5fa';
  const wall = 4;
  const innerH = h - wall;
  const liqH = innerH * fillFrac;
  let s = '';
  // Внешний контур
  s += `<path d="M ${x} ${y} L ${x} ${y+h} Q ${x} ${y+h+6} ${x+8} ${y+h+6} L ${x+w-8} ${y+h+6} Q ${x+w} ${y+h+6} ${x+w} ${y+h} L ${x+w} ${y} L ${x+w-wall} ${y} L ${x+w-wall} ${y+h-2} L ${x+wall} ${y+h-2} L ${x+wall} ${y} Z" fill="#e0f2fe" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.5"/>`;
  // Жидкость
  s += `<rect x="${x+wall+1}" y="${y + innerH - liqH + wall/2}" width="${w - 2*wall - 2}" height="${liqH}" fill="${liquidColor}" opacity="0.78"/>`;
  // Мениск
  s += `<line x1="${x+wall+1}" y1="${y + innerH - liqH + wall/2}" x2="${x+w-wall-1}" y2="${y + innerH - liqH + wall/2}" stroke="${liquidColor}" stroke-width="1.6" opacity="0.95"/>`;
  return s;
}

// === Симуляция теплопроводности по стержню (одномерное уравнение тепла) ===
// Возвращает объект с .step(dt), .render(x, y, w, h), .reset(), .setTHot(t), .setTCold(t)
function createHeatBar(opts) {
  opts = opts || {};
  const N = opts.N || 30;
  const tHot = opts.tHot != null ? opts.tHot : 200;
  const tCold = opts.tCold != null ? opts.tCold : 0;
  const alpha = opts.alpha || 0.25;  // коэф. диффузии (отн. ед.)
  const T = new Array(N);
  for (let i = 0; i < N; i++) T[i] = tCold;
  return {
    N: N, alpha: alpha, T: T,
    _tHot: tHot, _tCold: tCold,
    setTHot(v) { this._tHot = v; },
    setTCold(v) { this._tCold = v; },
    reset() {
      for (let i = 0; i < this.N; i++) this.T[i] = this._tCold;
    },
    step(dt) {
      // Конечно-разностное уравнение теплопроводности с граничными условиями Дирихле.
      const Tnew = new Array(this.N);
      Tnew[0] = this._tHot;
      Tnew[this.N - 1] = this._tCold;
      for (let i = 1; i < this.N - 1; i++) {
        Tnew[i] = this.T[i] + this.alpha * dt * (this.T[i-1] - 2*this.T[i] + this.T[i+1]);
      }
      this.T = Tnew;
    },
    render(x, y, w, h) {
      const segW = w / this.N;
      const tMin = Math.min(this._tCold, this._tHot);
      const tMax = Math.max(this._tCold, this._tHot);
      let s = '';
      for (let i = 0; i < this.N; i++) {
        const c = tempColor(this.T[i], tMin, tMax);
        s += `<rect x="${(x + i*segW).toFixed(1)}" y="${y}" width="${(segW + 0.5).toFixed(1)}" height="${h}" fill="${c}"/>`;
      }
      // Контур стержня
      s += `<rect x="${x}" y="${y}" width="${w}" height="${h}" fill="none" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.5"/>`;
      return s;
    }
  };
}

// === График фазовых переходов T(t) с горизонтальными плато ===
// points: массив сегментов [{tStart, tEnd, Tstart, Tend, label?}]
// W, H, pad — размеры графика; tMaxAll, TminAll, TmaxAll — диапазоны
function phaseGraphTT(W, H, pad, points, tMaxAll, TminAll, TmaxAll) {
  const toX = t => pad + (W - 2*pad) * t / tMaxAll;
  const toY = T => H - pad - (H - 2*pad) * (T - TminAll) / (TmaxAll - TminAll);
  let s = '';
  // Оси
  s += `<line x1="${pad}" y1="${H-pad}" x2="${W-pad}" y2="${H-pad}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.5"/>`;
  s += `<line x1="${pad}" y1="${pad}" x2="${pad}" y2="${H-pad}" stroke="#0f172a" stroke-width="1.5"/>`;
  s += `<text x="${W-pad+4}" y="${H-pad+4}" font-family="Inter,sans-serif" font-size="11" fill="#0f172a">t</text>`;
  s += `<text x="${pad-4}" y="${pad-4}" text-anchor="end" font-family="Inter,sans-serif" font-size="11" fill="#0f172a">T,&#176;C</text>`;
  // Сегменты
  let d = '';
  let first = true;
  for (const seg of points) {
    if (first) { d += `M ${toX(seg.tStart).toFixed(1)} ${toY(seg.Tstart).toFixed(1)} `; first = false; }
    d += `L ${toX(seg.tEnd).toFixed(1)} ${toY(seg.Tend).toFixed(1)} `;
  }
  s += `<path d="${d}" stroke="#dc2626" stroke-width="2.5" fill="none" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-linecap="round"/>`;
  // Подписи сегментов
  for (const seg of points) {
    if (seg.label) {
      const mx = (toX(seg.tStart) + toX(seg.tEnd)) / 2;
      const my = (toY(seg.Tstart) + toY(seg.Tend)) / 2 - 8;
      s += `<text x="${mx.toFixed(1)}" y="${my.toFixed(1)}" text-anchor="middle" font-family="Inter,sans-serif" font-size="11" font-weight="600" fill="#475569">${seg.label}</text>`;
    }
  }
  return { svg: s, toX: toX, toY: toY };
}

// === Электронные хелперы для электрических задач ===
// Параллельное и последовательное сопротивление
function Rseries() {
  let R = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) R += arguments[i];
  return R;
}
function Rparallel() {
  let inv = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
    if (arguments[i] > 0) inv += 1 / arguments[i];
  }
  return inv > 0 ? 1 / inv : Infinity;
}

// === Экспорт ===
window.PHYS = {
  tempColor: tempColor,
  thermometer: thermometer,
  calorimeter: calorimeter,
  createHeatBar: createHeatBar,
  phaseGraphTT: phaseGraphTT,
  Rseries: Rseries,
  Rparallel: Rparallel,
  drawArrow: drawArrow,
  fieldLinesPointCharge: fieldLinesPointCharge,
  chargeMark: chargeMark,
  magneticFieldGrid: magneticFieldGrid,
  molecule: molecule,
  createGasSim: createGasSim,
  batteryEMF: batteryEMF,
  resistor: resistor,
  capacitorSymbol: capacitorSymbol,
  ammeterSymbol: ammeterSymbol,
  voltmeterSymbol: voltmeterSymbol,
  lightbulbSymbol: lightbulbSymbol,
  inductorSymbol: inductorSymbol,
  wire: wire,
  CONST: CONST,
  celsiusToKelvin: celsiusToKelvin,
  kelvinToCelsius: kelvinToCelsius,
  atmToPa: atmToPa,
  paToAtm: paToAtm,
  litersToM3: litersToM3,
  m3ToLiters: m3ToLiters
};
})();