Maxim Dolgolyov
428 lines
28 KiB
HTML
428 lines
28 KiB
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<div>
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<a href="/textbook/physics-7" class="hdr-btn"><svg class="ic" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><polyline points="15 18 9 12 15 6"/></svg> К физике 7</a>
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</div>
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<div>
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<h1>Физика 7 · Глава 5</h1>
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<div class="hdr-sub">Работа. Мощность. Энергия · §§36–42</div>
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</div>
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<div class="hdr-side">
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<button id="search-btn" class="hdr-btn"><svg class="ic" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle cx="11" cy="11" r="7"/><path d="m21 21-4-4"/></svg> Поиск</button>
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<button id="sidebar-btn" class="hdr-btn"><svg class="ic" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><line x1="4" y1="6" x2="20" y2="6"/><line x1="4" y1="12" x2="20" y2="12"/><line x1="4" y1="18" x2="14" y2="18"/></svg> Шпаргалка</button>
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<button id="theme-btn" class="hdr-btn"><svg class="ic" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 12.8A9 9 0 1 1 11.2 3a7 7 0 0 0 9.8 9.8z"/></svg><span id="theme-lab">Тёмная</span></button>
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</div>
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</div>
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</header>
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<main class="main">
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<div class="col-main">
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<div class="psel">
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<div class="psel-head">Параграфы главы 5</div>
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<div class="psel-grid" id="psel-grid"></div>
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</div>
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<section id="sec-p36" class="sec" data-watermark="A">
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<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">§ 36</span><h2 class="sec-h">Механическая работа</h2></div>
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<div id="p36-body"><div class="placeholder">Содержимое параграфа появится в одной из ближайших фаз разработки.</div></div>
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</section>
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<section id="sec-p37" class="sec" data-watermark="η">
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<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">§ 37</span><h2 class="sec-h">КПД</h2></div>
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<div id="p37-body"><div class="placeholder">Содержимое параграфа появится в одной из ближайших фаз разработки.</div></div>
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</section>
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<section id="sec-p38" class="sec" data-watermark="P">
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<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">§ 38</span><h2 class="sec-h">Мощность</h2></div>
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<div id="p38-body"><div class="placeholder">Содержимое параграфа появится в одной из ближайших фаз разработки.</div></div>
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</section>
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<section id="sec-p39" class="sec" data-watermark="Eк">
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<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">§ 39</span><h2 class="sec-h">Кинетическая энергия</h2></div>
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<div id="p39-body"><div class="placeholder">Содержимое параграфа появится в одной из ближайших фаз разработки.</div></div>
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</section>
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<section id="sec-p40" class="sec" data-watermark="Eп">
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<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">§ 40</span><h2 class="sec-h">Потенциальная энергия</h2></div>
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<div id="p40-body"><div class="placeholder">Содержимое параграфа появится в одной из ближайших фаз разработки.</div></div>
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</section>
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<section id="sec-p41" class="sec" data-watermark="h">
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<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">§ 41</span><h2 class="sec-h">Расчёт Eп = mgh</h2></div>
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<div id="p41-body"><div class="placeholder">Содержимое параграфа появится в одной из ближайших фаз разработки.</div></div>
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</section>
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<section id="sec-p42" class="sec" data-watermark="∑">
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<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">§ 42</span><h2 class="sec-h">Закон сохранения энергии</h2></div>
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<div id="p42-body"><div class="placeholder">Содержимое параграфа появится в одной из ближайших фаз разработки.</div></div>
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</section>
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<section id="sec-final5" class="sec" data-watermark="★">
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<div class="sec-header"><span class="sec-num">Финал</span><h2 class="sec-h">Итоги главы 5</h2></div>
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<div id="final5-body"><div class="placeholder">Содержимое параграфа появится в одной из ближайших фаз разработки.</div></div>
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</section>
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</div>
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<aside class="col-side" id="col-side"><div id="sidebar-content"></div></aside>
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<div class="col-side-backdrop" id="col-side-backdrop"></div>
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</main>
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<div class="ach-popup" id="ach-popup"><svg class="ic" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><polygon points="12,2 15,9 22,9.3 17,14 18.5,21 12,17 5.5,21 7,14 2,9.3 9,9"/></svg><span id="ach-text"></span></div>
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<div class="search-modal" id="search-modal"><div class="search-box">
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<input type="text" class="search-inp" id="search-inp" placeholder="Поиск по параграфам... (Esc — закрыть, Ctrl+K)">
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<div class="search-list" id="search-list"></div>
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</div></div>
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<footer class="foot">Интерактивный учебник «Физика 7 класс» · Глава 5 · LearnSpace</footer>
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<script>
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'use strict';
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const LS_PREFIX = 'physics7_ch5';
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const _TB_SLUG = 'physics-7-ch5';
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const PARAS = [{id:'p36',num:'§ 36',title:"Механическая работа",wm:'A'},{id:'p37',num:'§ 37',title:"КПД",wm:'η'},{id:'p38',num:'§ 38',title:"Мощность",wm:'P'},{id:'p39',num:'§ 39',title:"Кинетическая энергия",wm:'Eк'},{id:'p40',num:'§ 40',title:"Потенциальная энергия",wm:'Eп'},{id:'p41',num:'§ 41',title:"Расчёт Eп = mgh",wm:'h'},{id:'p42',num:'§ 42',title:"Закон сохранения энергии",wm:'∑'},{id:'final5',num:'Финал',title:"Итоги главы 5",wm:'★'}];
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const TOTAL_PARAS = PARAS.length;
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const SIDEBARS = {
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p36: { title: 'Шпаргалка § 36', rows: [
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['$A = F \\cdot s$', 'работа силы (Н · м = Дж)'],
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['$[A]$', 'Джоуль (Дж); 1 кДж = 1000 Дж'],
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['$A > 0$', 'сила совпадает с перемещением'],
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['$A < 0$', 'сила против перемещения (трение)'],
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['$A = 0$', '$F = 0$, или $s = 0$, или $F \\perp s$']
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]},
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p37: { title: 'Шпаргалка § 37', rows: [
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['$\\eta = \\dfrac{A_{полез}}{A_{полн}} \\cdot 100\\%$', 'КПД'],
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['$A_{полез} \\le A_{полн}$', 'всегда; $\\eta \\le 100\\%$'],
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['ДВС', '$\\eta \\approx 25..40\\%$'],
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['Электродвигатель', '$\\eta \\approx 80..95\\%$'],
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['Потери', 'трение, нагрев, деформация']
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]},
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p38: { title: 'Шпаргалка § 38', rows: [
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['$P = \\dfrac{A}{t}$', 'мощность — работа за единицу времени'],
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['$[P]$', 'Вт; 1 кВт = 1000 Вт; 1 л. с. $\\approx$ 736 Вт'],
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['Человек', '$\\approx 100$ Вт'],
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['Автомобиль', '$50..150$ кВт'],
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['$A = P \\cdot t$', 'работа через мощность и время']
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]},
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p39: { title: 'Шпаргалка § 39', rows: [
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['$E_к = \\dfrac{mv^2}{2}$', 'кинетическая энергия (Дж)'],
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['$v = 0$', '$E_к = 0$ — покоящееся тело'],
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['$v \\times 2$', '$E_к$ растёт в 4 раза (квадрат!)'],
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['Автомобиль 20 м/с', '$E_к = 200$ кДж при $m = 1000$ кг'],
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['Тормозной путь', 'пропорционален $v^2$']
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]},
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p40: { title: 'Шпаргалка § 40', rows: [
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['$E_п$', 'энергия положения / деформации'],
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['Гравитационная', '$E_п = mgh$ (поднятое тело)'],
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['Упругая', 'деформированная пружина, тетива'],
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['ГЭС', '$E_п$ воды $\\to E_к \\to$ электричество'],
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['$E_п \\to E_к$', 'при падении / распрямлении']
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]},
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p41: { title: 'Шпаргалка § 41', rows: [
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['$E_п = mgh$', 'гравитационная потенциальная энергия'],
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['$[E_п]$', 'Дж; $g \\approx 10$ Н/кг'],
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['Нулевой уровень', 'условен — важна $\\Delta E_п = mg\\Delta h$'],
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['$h \\uparrow$', '$E_п \\uparrow$ пропорционально'],
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['$m \\uparrow$', '$E_п \\uparrow$ пропорционально']
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]},
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p42: { title: 'Шпаргалка § 42', rows: [
|
||
['$E = E_к + E_п = \\text{const}$', 'закон сохранения мех. энергии'],
|
||
['Падение', '$E_п \\downarrow$, $E_к \\uparrow$; сумма не меняется'],
|
||
['Верхняя точка', '$v = 0$, $E_к = 0$, вся энергия $= E_п$'],
|
||
['Нижняя точка', '$h = 0$, $E_п = 0$, вся энергия $= E_к$'],
|
||
['С трением', '$E_к + E_п < E_0$ — часть уходит в тепло']
|
||
]},
|
||
final5: { title: 'Шпаргалка · Итоги главы 5', rows: [
|
||
['Работа', '$A = Fs$ (Дж)'],
|
||
['КПД', '$\\eta = \\dfrac{A_{полез}}{A_{полн}} \\cdot 100\\%$'],
|
||
['Мощность', '$P = \\dfrac{A}{t}$ (Вт)'],
|
||
['$E_к$', '$\\dfrac{mv^2}{2}$ (Дж)'],
|
||
['$E_п$', '$mgh$ (Дж); $E_к + E_п = \\text{const}$']
|
||
]}
|
||
};
|
||
const TIPS = [];
|
||
const ACH_LABELS = { start: 'Начало главы 5', ch_done: 'Энергетик' };
|
||
|
||
const STATE = { current: null, progress: {}, xp: 0, level: 1, achievements: new Map(), _built: new Set() };
|
||
|
||
function _xpForLevel(lv){ return Math.round(100 * Math.pow(lv-1, 1.6)); }
|
||
function calcLevel(xp){ let lv = 1; while(_xpForLevel(lv+1) <= xp) lv++; return lv; }
|
||
|
||
function loadProgress(){
|
||
try{
|
||
const s = localStorage.getItem(LS_PREFIX + '_progress'); if(s) Object.assign(STATE.progress, JSON.parse(s));
|
||
const a = localStorage.getItem(LS_PREFIX + '_achievements');
|
||
if(a){ const p = JSON.parse(a); if(p && typeof p === 'object'){ for(const [id,t] of Object.entries(p)) STATE.achievements.set(id, (t && t !== id) ? t : (ACH_LABELS[id] || id)); } }
|
||
STATE.xp = +(localStorage.getItem('physics7_xp') || 0); STATE.level = calcLevel(STATE.xp);
|
||
}catch(e){}
|
||
}
|
||
function saveProgress(){
|
||
try{
|
||
localStorage.setItem(LS_PREFIX + '_progress', JSON.stringify(STATE.progress));
|
||
localStorage.setItem(LS_PREFIX + '_achievements', JSON.stringify(Object.fromEntries(STATE.achievements)));
|
||
localStorage.setItem('physics7_xp', String(STATE.xp));
|
||
}catch(e){}
|
||
}
|
||
function bumpProgress(key, delta){
|
||
STATE.progress[key] = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, (STATE.progress[key]||0) + delta));
|
||
saveProgress(); refreshProgressUI();
|
||
if(STATE.progress[key] >= 100 && key === PARAS[PARAS.length-1].id) achievement('ch_done', 'Энергетик');
|
||
}
|
||
function addXp(n, src){
|
||
if(!n) return;
|
||
const prev = STATE.level; STATE.xp = Math.max(0, (STATE.xp||0) + n); STATE.level = calcLevel(STATE.xp);
|
||
saveProgress(); refreshProgressUI();
|
||
if(window.LS && window.LS.xp) window.LS.xp.add(n, 'physics7-ch5-' + (src||'misc'));
|
||
if(STATE.level > prev){
|
||
const pop = document.getElementById('ach-popup');
|
||
if(pop){ document.getElementById('ach-text').textContent = 'Уровень ' + STATE.level + '!'; pop.classList.add('show'); setTimeout(()=>pop.classList.remove('show'), 2600); }
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
function achievement(id, label){
|
||
if(STATE.achievements.has(id)) return;
|
||
STATE.achievements.set(id, label || ACH_LABELS[id] || id);
|
||
saveProgress();
|
||
const pop = document.getElementById('ach-popup');
|
||
if(pop){ document.getElementById('ach-text').textContent = 'Ачивка: ' + (label || ACH_LABELS[id] || id); pop.classList.add('show'); setTimeout(()=>pop.classList.remove('show'), 3000); }
|
||
addXp(20, 'ach-' + id);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function refreshProgressUI(){
|
||
document.querySelectorAll('[data-prog-card]').forEach(el => {
|
||
const k = el.dataset.progCard;
|
||
const fl = el.querySelector('.psel-prog-fill');
|
||
if(fl) fl.style.width = (STATE.progress[k]||0) + '%';
|
||
});
|
||
if(STATE.current && document.getElementById('sidebar-content')){ try{ buildSidebar(STATE.current); }catch(e){} }
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function buildParaSelector(){
|
||
const grid = document.getElementById('psel-grid');
|
||
if(!grid) return;
|
||
grid.innerHTML = PARAS.map(p =>
|
||
'<button class="psel-card" data-id="' + p.id + '" data-prog-card="' + p.id + '">'
|
||
+ '<div class="psel-num">' + p.num + '</div>'
|
||
+ '<div class="psel-title">' + p.title + '</div>'
|
||
+ '<div class="psel-prog"><div class="psel-prog-fill" style="width:' + (STATE.progress[p.id]||0) + '%"></div></div>'
|
||
+ '</button>'
|
||
).join('');
|
||
grid.querySelectorAll('.psel-card').forEach(c => c.addEventListener('click', () => goTo(c.dataset.id)));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function ensureBuilt(id){
|
||
if(STATE._built.has(id)) return;
|
||
STATE._built.add(id);
|
||
const W = window['PHYS7_CH5_WIDGETS'];
|
||
if(W && typeof W[id] === 'function'){
|
||
const body = document.getElementById(id + '-body');
|
||
if(body){
|
||
const ph = body.querySelector('.placeholder');
|
||
if(ph) ph.remove();
|
||
}
|
||
try{ W[id](); }catch(e){ console.warn('phys7 widget ' + id + ':', e.message); }
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function goTo(id){
|
||
STATE.current = id; ensureBuilt(id);
|
||
document.querySelectorAll('.sec').forEach(s => s.classList.remove('active'));
|
||
const el = document.getElementById('sec-' + id); if(el) el.classList.add('active');
|
||
document.querySelectorAll('.psel-card').forEach(c => c.classList.toggle('active', c.dataset.id === id));
|
||
buildSidebar(id);
|
||
window.scrollTo({ top: 0, behavior: 'smooth' });
|
||
if((STATE.progress[id]||0) < 10) bumpProgress(id, 10);
|
||
if(window.renderMathInElement && el){
|
||
setTimeout(() => {
|
||
try{ renderMathInElement(el, { delimiters:[{left:'$$',right:'$$',display:true},{left:'$',right:'$',display:false}], throwOnError:false }); }catch(e){}
|
||
}, 0);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function buildSidebar(id){
|
||
const box = document.getElementById('sidebar-content');
|
||
if(!box) return;
|
||
const sb = SIDEBARS[id] || SIDEBARS[PARAS[0].id];
|
||
const xpForLv = _xpForLevel(STATE.level), xpNext = _xpForLevel(STATE.level+1);
|
||
const xpInLv = STATE.xp - xpForLv, xpRange = xpNext - xpForLv;
|
||
const xpPct = xpRange > 0 ? Math.round(xpInLv / xpRange * 100) : 100;
|
||
let html = '';
|
||
html += '<div class="xp-card"><div class="xp-card-title"><span>XP-прогресс</span><span class="xp-level">Ур. ' + STATE.level + '</span></div><div class="xp-bar"><div class="xp-fill" style="width:' + xpPct + '%"></div></div><div class="xp-nums"><span>' + STATE.xp + ' XP</span><span>' + xpNext + ' XP</span></div></div>';
|
||
if(sb && sb.rows && sb.rows.length){
|
||
html += '<div class="sidecard"><h4>' + sb.title + '</h4>';
|
||
sb.rows.forEach(([k,v]) => { html += '<div class="sidecard-row"><b>' + k + '</b>' + (v ? ' — ' + v : '') + '</div>'; });
|
||
html += '</div>';
|
||
}
|
||
const tip = TIPS.find(t => t.sec === id) || TIPS[0];
|
||
if(tip){
|
||
html += '<div class="sidecard" style="background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--warn-bg),var(--pri-soft));border-color:var(--warn)"><h4 style="color:#92400e">Подсказка</h4><div class="sidecard-row" style="margin-bottom:0;font-size:.84rem">' + tip.html + '</div></div>';
|
||
}
|
||
if(STATE.achievements.size > 0){
|
||
html += '<div class="sidecard"><h4>Достижения <span style="color:var(--warn);float:right">' + STATE.achievements.size + '</span></h4>';
|
||
[...STATE.achievements.values()].slice(-4).forEach(t => { html += '<div class="sidecard-row" style="font-size:.78rem;color:var(--ok)">✓ ' + t + '</div>'; });
|
||
html += '</div>';
|
||
}
|
||
box.innerHTML = html;
|
||
if(window.renderMathInElement){
|
||
try{ renderMathInElement(box, { delimiters:[{left:'$$',right:'$$',display:true},{left:'$',right:'$',display:false}], throwOnError:false }); }catch(e){}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function initTheme(){
|
||
const t = localStorage.getItem(LS_PREFIX + '_theme') || localStorage.getItem('physics7_theme') || 'light';
|
||
if(t === 'dark') document.documentElement.classList.add('dark');
|
||
document.getElementById('theme-lab').textContent = t === 'dark' ? 'Светлая' : 'Тёмная';
|
||
document.getElementById('theme-btn').addEventListener('click', () => {
|
||
document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark');
|
||
const dark = document.documentElement.classList.contains('dark');
|
||
localStorage.setItem(LS_PREFIX + '_theme', dark ? 'dark' : 'light');
|
||
localStorage.setItem('physics7_theme', dark ? 'dark' : 'light');
|
||
document.getElementById('theme-lab').textContent = dark ? 'Светлая' : 'Тёмная';
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function initSidebarToggle(){
|
||
const side = document.getElementById('col-side'), back = document.getElementById('col-side-backdrop'), btn = document.getElementById('sidebar-btn');
|
||
if(!side || !btn) return;
|
||
function open(){ side.classList.add('open'); back.classList.add('show'); }
|
||
function close(){ side.classList.remove('open'); back.classList.remove('show'); }
|
||
btn.addEventListener('click', () => { if(side.classList.contains('open')) close(); else open(); });
|
||
back.addEventListener('click', close);
|
||
document.addEventListener('keydown', e => { if(e.key === 'Escape') close(); });
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function initSearch(){
|
||
const btn = document.getElementById('search-btn'), modal = document.getElementById('search-modal'), inp = document.getElementById('search-inp'), list = document.getElementById('search-list');
|
||
if(!btn || !modal) return;
|
||
let cur = 0;
|
||
function render(q){
|
||
const ql = (q||'').toLowerCase().trim();
|
||
const items = PARAS.filter(p => !ql || p.title.toLowerCase().includes(ql) || p.num.toLowerCase().includes(ql));
|
||
list.innerHTML = items.map((p,i) => '<div class="search-item' + (i === cur ? ' cur' : '') + '" data-id="' + p.id + '"><span class="num">' + p.num + '</span>' + p.title + '</div>').join('');
|
||
list.querySelectorAll('.search-item').forEach(el => el.addEventListener('click', () => { goTo(el.dataset.id); close(); }));
|
||
}
|
||
function open(){ modal.classList.add('show'); inp.value = ''; cur = 0; render(''); setTimeout(() => inp.focus(), 50); }
|
||
function close(){ modal.classList.remove('show'); }
|
||
btn.addEventListener('click', open);
|
||
modal.addEventListener('click', e => { if(e.target === modal) close(); });
|
||
inp.addEventListener('input', () => { cur = 0; render(inp.value); });
|
||
inp.addEventListener('keydown', e => {
|
||
const items = list.querySelectorAll('.search-item');
|
||
if(e.key === 'ArrowDown'){ e.preventDefault(); cur = Math.min(items.length-1, cur+1); render(inp.value); }
|
||
else if(e.key === 'ArrowUp'){ e.preventDefault(); cur = Math.max(0, cur-1); render(inp.value); }
|
||
else if(e.key === 'Enter'){ e.preventDefault(); const sel = items[cur]; if(sel){ goTo(sel.dataset.id); close(); } }
|
||
else if(e.key === 'Escape'){ e.preventDefault(); close(); }
|
||
});
|
||
document.addEventListener('keydown', e => { if((e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey) && (e.key === 'k' || e.key === 'K')){ e.preventDefault(); if(modal.classList.contains('show')) close(); else open(); } });
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
function init(){
|
||
loadProgress(); initTheme(); initSidebarToggle(); initSearch();
|
||
buildParaSelector(); refreshProgressUI(); goTo(PARAS[0].id);
|
||
setTimeout(() => achievement('start'), 600);
|
||
}
|
||
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', init);
|
||
</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|